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Hou Y, Zhang F. Three new species of dragon pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones, Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from China. Zookeys 2024; 1204:135-154. [PMID: 38873222 PMCID: PMC11167277 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1204.111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Three new pseudoscorpions in the family Pseudotyrannochthoniidae are described from China: Allochthoniushispidus sp. nov. from Chongqing (Wushan County), Spelaeochthoniushuanglaoensis sp. nov. from Beijing (Fangshan District), and Spelaeochthoniustuoliangensis sp. nov. from Hebei (Pingshan County). Detailed diagnoses and illustrations of all new species are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, ChinaHebei UniversityBaodingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, ChinaCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, ChinaCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
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Christophoryová J, Krajčovičová K, Šťáhlavský F, Španiel S, Opatova V. Integrative Taxonomy Approach Reveals Cryptic Diversity within the Phoretic Pseudoscorpion Genus Lamprochernes (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:122. [PMID: 36835691 PMCID: PMC9964657 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoscorpions represent an ancient, but homogeneous group of arachnids. The genus Lamprochernes comprises several morphologically similar species with wide and overlapping distributions. We implemented an integrative approach combining molecular barcoding (cox1), with cytogenetic and morphological analyses in order to assess species boundaries in European Lamprochernes populations. The results suggest ancient origins of Lamprochernes species accompanied by morphological stasis within the genus. Our integrative approach delimited three nominal Lamprochernes species and one cryptic lineage Lamprochernes abditus sp. nov. Despite its Oligocene origin, L. abditus sp. nov. can be distinguished from its closest relative only by molecular and cytogenetic differences, or alternatively, by a complex multivariate morphometric analysis involving other Lamprochernes species. The population structure and common haplotype sharing across geographically distant populations in most Lamprochernes species suggest that a phoretic manner of dispersal is efficient in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Christophoryová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Krajčovičová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - František Šťáhlavský
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Španiel
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Opatova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic
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Michalski H, Harms D, Runge J, Wirkner CS. Evolutionary morphology of coxal musculature in Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2022; 69:101165. [PMID: 35749965 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoscorpions are an ancient and globally distributed lineage of arachnids with more than 4000 species. Despite being present in virtually all terrestrial habitats, their morphology and anatomy has rarely been studied to date, which hampers homology statements both within and between other arachnid orders. All pseudoscorpions share a morphological peculiarity, the fixation of the coxae of all the walking legs. The same morphological condition is seen in certain other arachnid taxa, such as Solifugae or Scorpiones - potential sistergroups of Pseudoscorpiones. To investigate the musculature apparatus of this unusual feature, we reconstructed the musculature in the coxae of walking legs in three species of pseudoscorpions that represent the three major clades within this order. Using micro-computed tomography (μCT), we show that pseudoscorpions have the highest number of coxal muscles amongst the arachnid orders (12 vs. fewer than 10 in others), and that the muscular composition of the first two legs differs from that in the hind legs, correlating with the difference in function, i.e. pulling in the front legs and pushing in the hind legs. Pseudoscorpions are also unique amongst the arachnids in lacking endoskeletal structures (coxal apodeme or costa coxalis) inside the coxae. We observed that within pseudoscorpions, there is a trend towards a reduction of the number of coxal muscles, with the most basal-branching taxon having the highest number and more derived taxa exhibiting lower counts. We hypothesize the muscular ground pattern for Pseudoscorpiones and discuss the evolution of this system by comparing it to the (scanty) data on other arachnids available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Michalski
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Danilo Harms
- Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 201465 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Runge
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian S Wirkner
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055, Rostock, Germany.
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Biogeographical and Diversification Analyses of Indian Pseudoscorpions Reveal the Western Ghats as Museums of Ancient Biodiversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 175:107495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Prado GC, Du Preez GC, Ferreira RL. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. (Pseudoscorpiones, Pseudotyrannochthoniidae), a new troglobitic species from South Africa. SUBTERRANEAN BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new pseudoscorpion species, Selachochthonius naledisp. nov., is herein described. It can be distinguished from the other species of the genus mainly by the absence of eyes, number and morphology of chelal teeth and coxae setae and by the appendices proportions. This new species represents the fourth record for the genus in South Africa. We also provide some ecological remarks of the new species and recommendations for future research.
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Muster C, Spelda J, Rulik B, Thormann J, von der Mark L, Astrin JJ. The dark side of pseudoscorpion diversity: The German Barcode of Life campaign reveals high levels of undocumented diversity in European false scorpions. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13815-13829. [PMID: 34707820 PMCID: PMC8525104 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding is particularly useful for identification and species delimitation in taxa with conserved morphology. Pseudoscorpions are arachnids with high prevalence of morphological crypsis. Here, we present the first comprehensive DNA barcode library for Central European Pseudoscorpiones, covering 70% of the German pseudoscorpion fauna (35 out of 50 species). For 21 species, we provide the first publicly available COI barcodes, including the rare Anthrenochernes stellae Lohmander, a species protected by the FFH Habitats Directive. The pattern of intraspecific COI variation and interspecific COI variation (i.e., presence of a barcode gap) generally allows application of the DNA barcoding approach, but revision of current taxonomic designations is indicated in several taxa. Sequences of 36 morphospecies were assigned to 74 BINs (barcode index numbers). This unusually high number of intraspecific BINs can be explained by the presence of overlooked cryptic species and by the accelerated substitution rate in the mitochondrial genome of pseudoscorpions, as known from previous studies. Therefore, BINs may not be an appropriate proxy for species numbers in pseudoscorpions, while partitions built with the ASAP algorithm (Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning) correspond well with putative species. ASAP delineated 51 taxonomic units from our data, an increase of 42% compared with the present taxonomy. The Neobisium carcionoides complex, currently considered a polymorphic species, represents an outstanding example of cryptic diversity: 154 sequences from our dataset were allocated to 23 BINs and 12 ASAP units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Muster
- Zoologisches Institut und MuseumUniversität GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jörg Spelda
- SNSB‐Zoologische Staatssammlung MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Björn Rulik
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. KoenigZFMKBonnGermany
| | - Jana Thormann
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. KoenigZFMKBonnGermany
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Benavides LR, Cosgrove JG, Harvey MS, Giribet G. Phylogenomic interrogation resolves the backbone of the Pseudoscorpiones tree of life. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Harms D, Roberts JD, Harvey MS. Climate variability impacts on diversification processes in a biodiversity hotspot: a phylogeography of ancient pseudoscorpions in south-western Australia. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The south-western division of Australia is the only biodiversity hotspot in Australia and is well-known for extreme levels of local endemism. Climate change has been identified as a key threat for flora and fauna, but very few data are presently available to evaluate its impact on invertebrate fauna. Here, we derive a molecular phylogeography for pseudoscorpions of the genus Pseudotyrannochthonius that in the south-west are restricted to regions with the highest rainfall. A dated molecular phylogeny derived from six gene fragments is used for biogeographic reconstruction analyses, spatial mapping, environmental niche-modelling, and to infer putative species. Phylogenetic analyses uncover nine clades with mostly allopatric distributions and often small linear ranges between 0.5 and 130 km. Molecular dating suggests that the origins of contemporary diversity fall into a period of warm/humid Palaeogene climates, but splits in the phylogeny coincide with major environmental shifts, such as significant global cooling during the Middle Miocene. By testing several models of historical biogeography available for the south-west, we determine that Pseudotyrannochthonius is an ancient relict lineage that principally follows a model of allopatric speciation in mesic zone refugia, although there are derivations from this model in that some species are older and distribution patterns more complex than expected. Ecological niche models indicate that drier and warmer future climates will lead to range contraction towards refugia of highest rainfall, probably mimicking past variations that have generated high diversity in these areas. Their conservation management will be crucial for preserving the unique biodiversity heritage of the south-west.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Harms
- Zoological Museum, Center of Natural History, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Dale Roberts
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology and School of Biological Sciences, UWA, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mark S Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Ohira H, Sato K, Tsutsumi T, Kaneko S, Choi HJ. DNA barcoding suggested the existence of cryptic species and high biodiversity of South Korean pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones). JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Speciation patterns in complex subterranean environments: a case study using short-tailed whipscorpions (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schwentner M, Giribet G. Phylogeography, species delimitation and population structure of a Western Australian short-range endemic mite harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones: Pettalidae: Karripurcellia). EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEMATICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.2.25274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mite harvestmen of the genusKarripurcelliaGiribet, 2003 are endemic to the tall, wet eucalypt forests of south-western Western Australia, a region known as a hotspot for biodiversity. Currently, there are two accepted species,K.peckorumGiribet, 2003 andK.sierwaldaeGiribet, 2003, both with type localities within the Warren National Park. We obtained 65COImtDNA sequences from across the entire distributional range of the genus. These sequences, falling into two to three geographically separate groups, probably correspond to two species. Morphologically, all of the studied specimens correspond toK.peckorum, suggesting cryptic speciation within that species. A few common haplotypes occur in more than one population, but most haplotypes are confined to a single population. As a result, populations are genetically differentiated and gene flow after initial colonization appears to be very limited or completely lacking. Our study provides another example of short-range endemism in an invertebrate from the south-western mesic biome.
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