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Restrepo CM, Llanes A, Herrera L, Ellis E, Lleonart R, Fernández PL. Gene expression patterns associated with Leishmania panamensis infection in macrophages from BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009225. [PMID: 33617537 PMCID: PMC7932533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites can trigger different host immune responses that result in varying levels of disease severity. The C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains are among the host models commonly used for characterizing the immunopathogenesis of Leishmania species and the possible antileishmanial effect of novel drug candidates. C57BL/6 mice tend to be resistant to Leishmania infections, whereas BALB/c mice display a susceptible phenotype. Studying species-specific interactions between Leishmania parasites and different host systems is a key step to characterize and validate these models for in vivo studies. Here, we use RNA-Seq and differential expression analysis to characterize the transcriptomic profiles of C57BL/6 and BALB/c peritoneal-derived macrophages in response to Leishmania panamensis infection. We observed differences between BALB/c and C57BL/6 macrophages regarding pathways associated with lysosomal degradation, arginine metabolism and the regulation of cell cycle. We also observed differences in the expression of chemokine and cytokine genes associated with regulation of immune responses. In conclusion, infection with L. panamensis induced an inflammatory gene expression pattern in C57BL/6 macrophages that is more consistently associated with a classic macrophage M1 activation, whereas in BALB/c macrophages a gene expression pattern consistent with an intermediate inflammatory response was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Restrepo
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Alejandro Llanes
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Lizzi Herrera
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Esteban Ellis
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panama City, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Patricia L. Fernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama, Republic of Panama
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Herrera L, Llanes A, Álvarez J, Degracia K, Restrepo CM, Rivera R, Stephens DE, Dang HT, Larionov OV, Lleonart R, Fernández PL. Antileishmanial activity of a new chloroquine analog in an animal model of Leishmania panamensis infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2020; 14:56-61. [PMID: 32950020 PMCID: PMC7502791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania panamensis is a relevant causative agent of tegumentary leishmaniasis in several Latin American countries. Available antileishmanial drugs have several limitations including relatively high toxicity, difficult administration, high production costs and the emergence of resistance in circulating strains. Therefore, the identification of new molecules as potential therapeutics for leishmaniasis is of great relevance. Here, we developed a murine model of L. panamensis infection and evaluated the effect of a new compound in vivo. After treatment of animals with the compound, we observed a significant reduction of inflammation and parasite load at the inoculation site, in a dose-dependent manner. We observed a reduction in IL-10 production by popliteal lymph nodes cells of infected mice. These results pave the way for future evaluation of this compound as a potential antileishmanial drug or as a suitable scaffold for lead optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzi Herrera
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Edificio 208, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panama, 0801, Panama; Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India
| | - Alejandro Llanes
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Edificio 208, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panama, 0801, Panama; Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India
| | - Jennifer Álvarez
- Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá. Panama, 0801, Panama
| | - Kissy Degracia
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Dr. William C. Gorgas, Universidad Latina de Panama, 0801, Panama
| | - Carlos M Restrepo
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Edificio 208, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panama, 0801, Panama
| | - Rene Rivera
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Edificio 208, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panama, 0801, Panama
| | - David E Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States
| | - Hang T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Edificio 208, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panama, 0801, Panama
| | - Patricia L Fernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Edificio 208, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panama, 0801, Panama.
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Kaufer A, Ellis J, Stark D. Identification of Clinical Infections of Leishmania Imported into Australia: Revising Speciation with Polymerase Chain Reaction-RFLP of the Kinetoplast Maxicircle. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:590-601. [PMID: 31333156 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. In Australia, leishmaniasis is an imported disease that is presenting itself at increased rates because of international travel, the influx of immigrants, and deployment of military operations to endemic regions. Although Leishmania species are morphologically indistinguishable, there is a strong correlation between some causative species of leishmaniasis and the subsequent response to the treatments available and patient outcome. Consequently, identification of the infective species is imperative as misidentification can result in the administering of an ineffective drug. The aim of this study was to develop a simple diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and specificity, which is capable of detecting the presence of the parasite and accurately differentiating the causative species in question. Using the advantageous properties of the maxi-circle kinetoplast DNA, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) targeting the ND7 gene was developed for the analysis of imported cases of human leishmaniasis in Australia. Designed as a dual analysis, concurrent PCR of Leishmania maxi-circle DNA and digestion with two separate enzymes (NlaIII and HpyCH4IV), this study provides an appraisal on 24 imported cases of leishmaniasis between 2008 and 2017. Five Leishmania species were reported, with members of the Viannia subgenus being the most common. The implementation of novel diagnostic procedures for leishmaniasis such as the one reported here is needed to establish a gold standard practice for the diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Kaufer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - John Ellis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Damien Stark
- Department of Microbiology, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
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Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Talhari C, García Bustos MF, Rosales T, Villamil-Gomez WE, Marquez M, Pérez Alvarez AM, Tálamo Sánchez AI, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. American cutaneous leishmaniasis in infancy and childhood. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:1328-1341. [PMID: 28741648 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infant and young child skin diseases are among the most common features of morbidity throughout the tropics. Because the skin is directly exposed to the environment, it is considerably affected by climatic and local conditions such as vectors and microorganisms, as in the case of leishmaniasis. In America the observed magnitude of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children has led to the study of increased risk of exposure of this group due to the possibility of peri- and intradomiciliary transmission. The present review pretends to make a concrete approach all through the broad and main figures of this parasitic disease, including the clinical, physiopathological, epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects, in order to be used as a practical source of reference for pediatricians leading with tropical cutaneous pathology in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto E Paniz-Mondolfi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine/Infectious Diseases Pathology Laboratory, Hospital Internacional, Barquisimeto, Venezuela.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Instituto de Biomedicina/IVSS, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carolina Talhari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - María F García Bustos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | | | - Wilmer E Villamil-Gomez
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Reserch Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Marilianna Marquez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine/Infectious Diseases Pathology Laboratory, Hospital Internacional, Barquisimeto, Venezuela.,Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | - Alexandra M Pérez Alvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine/Infectious Diseases Pathology Laboratory, Hospital Internacional, Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | - Alejandra I Tálamo Sánchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine/Infectious Diseases Pathology Laboratory, Hospital Internacional, Barquisimeto, Venezuela.,Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA), Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
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