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Reitmajer M, Forchhammer S, Silber T. Successful treatment of CARD14-negative juvenile Pityriasis rubra pilaris with Ustekinumab. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e512-e514. [PMID: 38084925 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reitmajer
- Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Forchhammer
- Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Toni Silber
- Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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2
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Joshi TP, Duvic M. Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: An Updated Review of Clinical Presentation, Etiopathogenesis, and Treatment Options. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024; 25:243-259. [PMID: 38159213 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare papulosquamous reaction pattern with a significant impact on quality of life. Type I PRP is the most common PRP variant, presenting as erythematous papules emerging in a follicular distribution and later coalescing into plaques with characteristic islands of sparing; histologically, an alternating pattern of orthokeratosis and parakeratosis is considered the hallmark of PRP (checkerboard hyperkeratosis). Other PRP variants (types II-V) differ in their age of onset and clinical presentation. Type VI PRP is a rare PRP subtype associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection and is occasionally associated with diseases of the follicular occlusion tetrad. Caspase recruitment domain family, member 14 (CARD14)-associated papulosquamous eruption and facial discoid dermatitis are newly described disease states that have an important clinical overlap with PRP, creating shared conundrums with respect to diagnosis and treatment. The etiology inciting PRP often remains uncertain; PRP has been suggested to be associated with infection, malignancy, or drug/vaccine administration in some cases, although these are based on case reports and causality has not been established. Type V PRP is often due to inborn CARD14 mutations. Furthermore, recent literature has identified interleukin-23/T-helper-17 cell axis dysregulation to be a major mediator of PRP pathogenesis, paving the way for mechanism-directed therapy. At present, high-dose isotretinoin, ixekizumab, and secukinumab are systemic agents supported by single-arm prospective studies; numerous other agents have also been trialed for PRP, with variable success rates. Here, we discuss updates on clinical manifestations, present new insights into etiopathogenesis, and offer a survey of recently described therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas P Joshi
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Kołt-Kamińska M, Osińska A, Kaznowska E, Reich A. Successful Treatment of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris with Risankizumab in Children. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:2431-2441. [PMID: 37704911 PMCID: PMC10539248 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare inflammatory skin disease that affects men and women of all ages, including children. PRP is characterized by follicular and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and salmon-colored scaling plaques. The exact pathogenesis of PRP is still unknown; most PRP cases are acquired, but some cases may show a familial occurrence, often associated with a mutation in the CARD14 gene. Due to the rarity of PRP, treatment recommendations are based mainly on case reports, small case series and expert opinions and still represent a major therapeutic challenge, especially in children. A growing number of reports on treatment with biologicals, particularly anti-TNFα, has been published. However, an involvement of the IL-23/Th17 axis in both psoriasis and PRP pathogenesis may suggest that this pathway may be a potential therapeutic target. Here, we present three pediatric patients with PRP successfully treated with risankizumab. All patients exhibited a severe course of PRP and lack of response to conventional therapy, including acitretin, cyclosporine and phototherapy. A single dose of 75 mg risankizumab resulted in almost complete clearance of skin lesions in case 1 and 2 at week 4. In patient 3, clear skin was achieved after the second administration of risankizumab (150 mg). All patients continue the treatment with risankizumab, and no adverse effects have been reported up to the present time. Our study demonstrates that risankizumab, an IL-23 blocker, shows good efficacy and safety among pediatric patients with PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kołt-Kamińska
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Szopena 2, 35-055, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Kaznowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Szopena 2, 35-055, Rzeszów, Poland.
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4
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Guenther J, Novack D, Kamath S, Worswick S. Treatment Options for Juvenile Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris. Paediatr Drugs 2023; 25:151-164. [PMID: 36529810 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-022-00549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris represents a group of familial and acquired disorders of cornification that affect both adult and pediatric patients. Treatment options are difficult to assess through clinical trials, given the rarity of the disorder and its tendency for spontaneous remission. Case reports and case series are therefore the primary means of assessment. Because of the heterogeneity of the disease, there is no universal approach to treatment, and multiple agents may need to be trialed to achieve disease control. At present, topicals are used for most pediatric patients, though monotherapy with topicals is only effective for less severe disease. Despite concerns over their side-effect profiles, oral retinoids are generally accepted as a first-line systemic therapy. However, interleukin-17 inhibitors and ustekinumab, an interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 inhibitor, may soon become first-line systemic treatment as well, given their efficacy and relative safety in trials thus far. Ustekinumab, in particular, is emerging as a first-line agent for patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris with CARD14 gene variations. When these therapies fail, second-line and adjunctive therapies to consider include tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, methotrexate, and phototherapy. However, further investigation is necessary to assess the safety and efficacy of many of these agents in juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Guenther
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sonia Kamath
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott Worswick
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Ye L, Wu Z, Li C, Zhao X, Wan M, Wang L. Off-label uses of ustekinumab. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15910. [PMID: 36208443 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ustekinumab (brand name Stelara®) is a human interleukin-12 and -23 antagonist and has been indicated for the treatments of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This review aims to synthesize and interpret the literature evaluating the off-label uses of ustekinumab. We performed searches in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov for clinical trials, observational studies, case series, and case reports evaluating label uses of ustekinumab. Studies evaluated the efficacy of ustekinumab for the following conditions: other types of psoriasis (expect plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis), pityriasis rubra pilaris, hidradenitis suppurativa, atopic dermatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, et al. Based on the available literature, ustekinumab appears to be a potential treatment choice for many other diseases. However, more clinical trials data are needed to adequately assess the safety and efficacy of ustekinumab for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenfei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Changrong Li
- Medical Cosmetology Clinic, Hainan Yilimei Medical Cosmetology Co., Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Mengjie Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
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6
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Katharina M, Sylvia S, Matthias B, Ulrich M, Martin L. Successful treatment of a child's pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) with ustekinumab and acitretin. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:659-661. [PMID: 35859269 PMCID: PMC9541132 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare inflammatory skin disease that occurs with phenotypic variability in adults of all ages as well as in children. Data on the treatment of PRP is limited. Here, we report a 5-year-old girl with widespread skin involvement and prominent palmoplantar hyperkeratosis who was initially treated for psoriasis. After reevaluation, a diagnosis of PRP was made, and the patient had an excellent therapeutic response to ustekinumab and acitretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medek Katharina
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Selhofer Sylvia
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Buchner Matthias
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Mrowietz Ulrich
- Psoriasis‐Center at the Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Center Schleswig‐HolsteinKielGermany
| | - Laimer Martin
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria
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7
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Joshi TP, Wang HY, Athukuri P, Bohac S, Farr MA, Hinson D, Kahla JA, Khalfe N, McBee DB, Stroh R, Walters N, Ren V. Biologic Therapies for the Management of Cutaneous Findings in Genodermatoses: A Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:673-688. [PMID: 35606649 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-022-00700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genodermatoses are genetically inherited dermatologic conditions. The management of cutaneous findings in genodermatoses is challenging, and first-line therapies, such as steroids and/or retinoids, are often inadequate. In recent years, research on the molecular basis of genodermatoses has led to the use of biologic therapies for intractable disease. Here, we review the evidence regarding the use of available biologic therapies for the management of dermatologic findings in genodermatoses. Biologic therapies appear to be promising therapeutic options for several recalcitrant genodermatoses, especially those with underlying immune dysregulation. However, not all genodermatoses are amenable to biologic therapies, and some have been shown to paradoxically worsen under treatment. Biologic therapies offer a novel avenue to target refractory genodermatoses. However, evidence supporting the use of biologic therapies in the management of genodermatoses is mostly limited to case reports and case series. Further studies are warranted to determine the safety and efficacy of biologic therapies for the management of cutaneous findings in genodermatoses.
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8
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Ringin S, Baker CS, Foley P, Daniel BS. Pityriasis rubra pilaris treatment options: A retrospective case series from a tertiary hospital. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15128. [PMID: 34505752 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a group of uncommon chronic inflammatory skin conditions with unclear pathophysiology and etiology. To date there is limited published literature and no clinical guidelines for the management of PRP. Infliximab, alone or in combination, is the most widely published successful treatment for adults and etanercept for pediatric populations. We present a case series of patients diagnosed with PRP. Retrospective data were collected from a tertiary Australian dermatology department between January 2010 and December 2019 on patients with PRP. Electronic medical records and pathology database were searched. A total of 13 patients were included. Twelve of the 13 patients used topical agents and three patients attempted narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy. All patients received acitretin as first line systemic agent with the dose varying from 10 to 50 mg daily. Six patients treated with acitretin reported adverse events, requiring dose reduction or cessation. Of the nine patients who did not receive a biologic agent, complete clearance of PRP was achieved in five cases. At least one biologic agent was used in four cases with two experiencing a marked improvement. Overall, complete clearance was achieved in six patients. PRP continues to be a challenge to treat with many treatment options used with variable efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ringin
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Christopher S Baker
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Foley
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Daniel
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
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9
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Frare CP, Blumstein AJ, Paller AS, Pieretti L, Choate KA, Bowcock AM, Larralde M. CARD14-associated papulosquamous eruption (CAPE) in pediatric patients: Three additional cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:1237-1242. [PMID: 34448248 PMCID: PMC8578307 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CARD14-associated papulosquamous eruption (CAPE) is a proposed term that encompasses features ranging from psoriasis to pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) in association with CARD14 mutations. The early onset of the disease, prominent facial involvement, family history of an autosomal dominant trait, and poor response to conventional treatment are characteristics of CAPE that distinguish it from classical psoriasis and PRP. We describe the clinical features, family history, and response to therapy in three unrelated children with CAPE and compare these characteristics with those of previously described pediatric patients. Testing for CARD14 mutations in children with early onset of features of psoriasis or pityriasis rubra pilaris and resistance to conventional therapy should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy P Frare
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alli J Blumstein
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lia Pieretti
- Dr Úraga Private Center for Skin Diseases, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne M Bowcock
- Dermatology, Oncological Sciences and Genetics & Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margarita Larralde
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Ramos Mejía Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Haynes D, Strunck JL, Topham CA, Ortega-Loayza AG, Kent G, Cassidy PB, Hu R, Choate K, Wang Z, Liu Y, Greiling TM. Evaluation of Ixekizumab Treatment for Patients With Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: A Single-Arm Trial. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 156:668-675. [PMID: 32293641 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare and disabling cutaneous disease that is frequently recalcitrant to conventional therapies and appears to involve interleukin (IL)-17 overexpression. Objective To investigate the clinical response and safety of ixekizumab in treating pityriasis rubra pilaris. Design, Setting, and Participants Single-arm, investigator-initiated trial conducted in adult patients with moderate to severe pityriasis rubra pilaris at a single-center academic university from June 2018 to January 2020. A total of 41 patients were screened, 12 were enrolled, and 11 completed the full duration of therapy. A referred, consecutive sample was used during participant selection. The treatment period and primary outcome occurred over 24 weeks with additional patient follow-up through 36 weeks. Intervention Subcutaneous administration of ixekizumab, a humanized IgG4 antibody that binds IL-17A, at the US Food and Drug Administration-approved dosing schedule for treatment of psoriasis for 24 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the mean change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included change in affected body surface area, quality of life, induction of sustained remission, and association of improvement with CARD14 genetic variations and cutaneous cytokine expression. Results A total of 12 white patients (mean [SD] age, 49.8 [15.1] years; 8 male [67%]) were enrolled between June 2018 and April 2019, with 11 completing the full course of intervention. The mean (SEM) improvements in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, affected body surface area, and Dermatology Life Quality Index were 15.2 (2.1) (P < .0001), 29.8% (9.3%) (P = .009), and 9.5 (2.5) (P = .004), respectively. The 4 participants with the most improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index at week 24 stayed in remission at week 36 (defined as lack of increase in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index from week 24 through week 36), off therapy. Relative dermal IL-17A expression decreased by a 1.9 log-fold change. No participants had known pathogenic CARD14 variations. There were no serious adverse events. Conclusions and Relevance In this single-armed trial, ixekizumab was associated with reduced clinical signs and symptoms of pityriasis rubra pilaris in a subset of patients, including those in whom other systemic therapies have failed. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03485976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Haynes
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jennifer L Strunck
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christina A Topham
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Gail Kent
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Pamela B Cassidy
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ronghua Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Keith Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yuangang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Teri M Greiling
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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11
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Camela E, Miano C, Di Caterino P, Lo Presti M, De Fata Salvatores G, Fabbrocini G, Megna M. Erythrodermic pityriasis rubra pilaris treatment: Two case reports and literature review. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14223. [PMID: 32820849 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare inflammatory dermatosis characterized by hyperkeratotic follicular papules and erythematous-desquamative plaques that tend to progressively evolve into erythroderma. Treatment is challenging given that international guidelines are not available and large-scale trials do not exist. Traditionally, many topical and systemic drugs had been used as consolidated agents; recently, biologicals are gaining increasing importance, promisingly dominating the therapeutic scenario ahead. Herein, we present a case series showing the "past" and the "future" therapeutic approaches to erythrodermic PRP, one case treated with acitretin and nb-UVB phototherapy combination, while the other with ustekinumab, performing also a throughout literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Camela
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Miano
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Di Caterino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lo Presti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia De Fata Salvatores
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Megna
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Ringin SA, Daniel BS. Treatment modalities for pityriasis rubra pilaris subtypes: a review. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:587-588. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1729954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Ringin
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - B. S. Daniel
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
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13
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Abstract
The discoveries of new genes underlying genetic skin diseases have occurred at a rapid pace, supported by advances in DNA sequencing technologies. These discoveries have translated to an improved understanding of disease mechanisms at a molecular level and identified new therapeutic options based on molecular targets. This article highlights just a few of these recent discoveries for a diverse group of skin diseases, including tuberous sclerosis complex, ichthyoses, overgrowth syndromes, interferonopathies, and basal cell nevus syndrome, and how this has translated into novel targeted therapies and improved patient care.
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