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Zhang B, Xing H, Rui H, Song L, Ma L. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis mimicking pityriasis versicolor. Pediatr Investig 2021; 5:325-326. [PMID: 34938977 PMCID: PMC8666936 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of DermatologyBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
- Department of DermatologyZhengzhou UniversityAffiliated Children’s HospitalHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Children’s HospitalHenanChina
| | - Huan Xing
- Department of DermatologyBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - He Rui
- Department of DermatologyBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Li Song
- Department of DermatologyZhengzhou UniversityAffiliated Children’s HospitalHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Children’s HospitalHenanChina
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of DermatologyBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
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Uitto J, Saeidian AH, Youssefian L, Saffarian Z, Casanova JL, Béziat V, Jouanguy E, Vahidnezhad H. Recalcitrant Warts, Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis, and the Tree-Man Syndrome: Phenotypic Spectrum of Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus Infections at the Intersection of Genetic Variability of Viral and Human Genomes. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1265-1269. [PMID: 34843682 PMCID: PMC9038624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can cause common warts, which usually resolve spontaneously or become recalcitrant, resistant to multiple treatments. In rare cases, they transform into cutaneous giant horns resulting in the tree-man syndrome (TMS). Defective β-HPVs can cause flat warts in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), a genetic disorder. In typical EV, limited to the skin, the mutated genes are critical for keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity, whereas atypical, syndromic EV involves genes controlling T cells. Inborn errors of immunity due to mutations in distinct genes underlying recalcitrant warts and the α-HPV2‒driven TMS have been identified, all disrupting T-cell immunity. Collectively, these observations attest to the wide phenotypic spectrum of cutaneous infections caused by different HPV types at the intersection of the genetic diversity of the viral and human genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Genetics, Genomics & Cancer Biology, College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zahra Saffarian
- Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Imagine Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, University of Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Imagine Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, University of Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Imagine Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, University of Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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