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Naicker D, Rhoda C, Sunda F, Arowolo A. Unravelling the Intricate Roles of FAM111A and FAM111B: From Protease-Mediated Cellular Processes to Disease Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2845. [PMID: 38474092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteases are critical enzymes in cellular processes which regulate intricate events like cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This review highlights the multifaceted roles of the serine proteases FAM111A and FAM111B, exploring their impact on cellular functions and diseases. FAM111A is implicated in DNA replication and replication fork protection, thereby maintaining genome integrity. Additionally, FAM111A functions as an antiviral factor against DNA and RNA viruses. Apart from being involved in DNA repair, FAM111B, a paralog of FAM111A, participates in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. It influences the apoptotic pathway by upregulating anti-apoptotic proteins and modulating cell cycle-related proteins. Furthermore, FAM111B's association with nucleoporins suggests its involvement in nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking and plays a role in maintaining normal telomere length. FAM111A and FAM111B also exhibit some interconnectedness and functional similarity despite their distinct roles in cellular processes and associated diseases resulting from their dysfunction. FAM111A and FAM111B dysregulation are linked to genetic disorders: Kenny-Caffey Syndrome type 2 and Gracile Bone Dysplasia for FAM111A and POIKTMP, respectively, and cancers. Therefore, the dysregulation of these proteases in diseases emphasizes their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Future research is essential to unravel the intricate mechanisms governing FAM111A and FAM111B and explore their therapeutic implications comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Naicker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Cenza Rhoda
- Hair and Skin Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Falone Sunda
- Hair and Skin Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Afolake Arowolo
- Hair and Skin Research Unit, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7500, South Africa
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Panfili FM, Pietrobattista A, Vecchio D, Gonfiantini MV, Bartuli A, Macchiaiolo M. Commentary: Case report: Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma with tendon contractures, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP) presenting with liver cirrhosis and steroid-responsive interstitial pneumonia. Front Genet 2023; 14:1255807. [PMID: 38188503 PMCID: PMC10770826 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1255807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo M. Panfili
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pietrobattista
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michaela V. Gonfiantini
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
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3
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Kliszczak M, Moralli D, Jankowska JD, Bryjka P, Subha Meem L, Goncalves T, Hester SS, Fischer R, Clynes D, Green CM. Loss of FAM111B protease mutated in hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma negatively regulates telomere length. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1175069. [PMID: 37342232 PMCID: PMC10277729 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1175069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma (HFP) is a rare human dominant negative disorder caused by mutations in the FAM111B gene that encodes a nuclear trypsin-like serine protease. HFP patients present with symptoms including skin abnormalities, tendon contractures, myopathy and lung fibrosis. We characterized the cellular roles of human FAM111B using U2OS and MCF7 cell lines and report here that the protease interacts with components of the nuclear pore complex. Loss of FAM111B expression resulted in abnormal nuclear shape and reduced telomeric DNA content suggesting that FAM111B protease is required for normal telomere length; we show that this function is independent of telomerase or recombination driven telomere extension. Even though FAM111B-deficient cells were proficient in DNA repair, they showed hallmarks of genomic instability such as increased levels of micronuclei and ultra-fine DNA bridges. When mutated as in HFP, FAM111B was more frequently localized to the nuclear envelope, suggesting that accumulation of the mutated protease at the nuclear periphery may drive the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kliszczak
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julia D. Jankowska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Bryjka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Subha Meem
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Goncalves
- Oncology Department, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svenja S. Hester
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Clynes
- Oncology Department, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M. Green
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Ferré EMN, Yu Y, Oikonomou V, Hilfanova A, Lee CCR, Rosen LB, Burbelo PD, Vazquez SE, Anderson MS, Barocha A, Heller T, Soldatos A, Holland SM, Walkiewicz MA, Lionakis MS. Case report: Discovery of a de novo FAM111B pathogenic variant in a patient with an APECED-like clinical phenotype. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133387. [PMID: 36875114 PMCID: PMC9981804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) and poikiloderma in association with tendon contractures, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP) are rare inherited syndromes resulting from biallelic pathogenic variants in AIRE and heterozygous pathogenic variants in FAM111B, respectively. The clinical diagnosis of APECED and POIKTMP rely on the development of two or more characteristic disease manifestations that define the corresponding syndromes. We discuss the shared and distinct clinical, radiographic, and histological features between APECED and POIKTMP presented in our patient case and describe his treatment response to azathioprine for POIKTMP-associated hepatitis, myositis, and pneumonitis. Methods Through informed consent and enrollment onto IRB-approved protocols (NCT01386437, NCT03206099) the patient underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation at the NIH Clinical Center alongside exome sequencing, copy number variation analysis, autoantibody surveys, peripheral blood immunophenotyping, and salivary cytokine analyses. Results We report the presentation and evaluation of a 9-year-old boy who was referred to the NIH Clinical Center with an APECED-like clinical phenotype that included the classic APECED dyad of CMC and hypoparathyroidism. He was found to meet clinical diagnostic criteria for POIKTMP featuring poikiloderma, tendon contractures, myopathy, and pneumonitis, and exome sequencing revealed a de novo c.1292T>C heterozygous pathogenic variant in FAM111B but no deleterious single nucleotide variants or copy number variants in AIRE. Discussion This report expands upon the available genetic, clinical, autoantibody, immunological, and treatment response information on POIKTMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M N Ferré
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yunting Yu
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anna Hilfanova
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology, Infectious and Rare Diseases, Medical School of the International European University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Chyi-Chia R Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, Clinical Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lindsey B Rosen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sara E Vazquez
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amisha Barocha
- Laboratory of Asthma and Lung Inflammation, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Theo Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ariane Soldatos
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Magdalena A Walkiewicz
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Hoeger PH, Koehler LM, Reipschlaeger M, Mercier S. Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma (POIKTMP syndrome) report of a new mutation and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2023; 40:182-187. [PMID: 36102338 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma with tendon contractures, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP) is a genodermatosis with autosomal dominant inheritance caused by mutations in FAM111B. We report another case with a new pathogenic variant and analyze all previously published 34 cases with a focus on sequence of clinical presentation and genotype-phenotype correlation. POIKTMP is characterized by marked age-dependent clinical expressivity. FAM111B encodes a catalytic nuclear protein, expressed in many tissues, which contributes to impaired DNA repair affecting multiple systems. Specific inhibition of catalytic activity might be a future strategy to halt progression of this otherwise untreatable disease. Given the relentless progression of the disease, it would make sense to start such treatment as early as possible. In order to achieve this objective, children with suspected POIKTMP should therefore undergo early imaging of all relevant organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Hoeger
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa M Koehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Reipschlaeger
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Mercier
- CHU Nantes, Service de génétique médicale, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, Filnemus, Euro-NMD, Nantes, France.,Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
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Rhoda C, Sunda F, Kidzeru E, Khumalo NP, Arowolo A. FAM111B dysregulation promotes malignancy in fibrosarcoma and POIKTMP and a low-cost method for its mutation screening. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 34:100679. [PMID: 36610347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in the uncharacterised human FAM111B gene are associated with POIKTMP, a rare multi-organ fibrosing disease. Recent studies also reported the overexpression of FAM111B in specific cancers. Moreover, FAM111B mutation screening may prove expensive in under-resourced facilities. Therefore, this study investigated its cellular function and dysfunction and described an inexpensive mutation screening method. MATERIALS AND METHODS FAM111B expression was assessed in silico and validated in vitro in cell lines and primary skin fibroblasts from a South African POIKTMP-patient with the heterozygous FAM111B gene mutation: NM_198947.4: c.1861T>G (p. Tyr621Asp or Y621D) by qPCR and western blot. The cellular function of FAM111B was studied in HT1080 using various cell-based functional assays, and the Y621D mutation was genotyped by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Expression studies showed upregulated FAM111B mRNA and protein in the cancer cells. High FAM111B expression with robust nuclear localization occurred in HT1080. Additionally, expression data and cell-based assays indicated that FAM111B led to the upregulation of cell migration, decreased cell apoptosis, and modulatory effects on cell proliferation. Y621D mutation showed similar effects on cell migration but minimal impact on cell apoptosis. FAM111B mRNA and protein expression were markedly downregulated (p ≤ 0.05) in the POIKTMP-patient's fibroblasts. The PCR-RFLP method successfully genotyped Y621D gene mutation. DISCUSSION FAM111B is a cancer-associated nuclear protein: Its modulation by mutations or overexpression may contribute to the malignancy of cancers and POIKTMP/fibrosis and poor clinical outcomes and represents a viable prognostic marker or therapeutic target. Furthermore, the PCR-RFLP method could prove a valuable tool for FAM111B mutation validation or screening in resource-constrained laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenza Rhoda
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Falone Sunda
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elvis Kidzeru
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Afolake Arowolo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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Arowolo A, Rhoda C, Mbele M, Oluwole OG, Khumalo N. A cost-effective method for detecting mutations in the human FAM111B gene associated with POIKTMP syndrome. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mutations of the human FAM111B gene are associated with hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma with tendon contracture, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP), a rare and autosomal dominant multi-systemic fibrosing disease. To date, a total of 36 cases are documented, with eleven associated mutations identified and confirmed by Whole-Exome Sequencing and Sanger sequencing. However, these methods require a certain level of expertise. The FAM111B gene was annotated using the SNAPGENE tool to identify various restriction enzymes. The enzymes that cut at the positions where mutations of interest have been reported were selected. The method was implemented using the DNA samples extracted from the skin fibroblast collected from an affected South African family and unrelated control.
Results
The findings showed that of the eleven FAM111B mutational sites investigated with this method, ten mutations can be identified including the known mutation FAM111B NM_198947.4: c.1861T>G (pTyr621Asp) associated with the POIKTMP in South Africa.
Conclusions
Limited access to molecular diagnosis contributes to why POIKTMP is rarely diagnosed. Our study describes an inexpensive PCR–RFLP method to screen for POIKTMP FAM111B gene mutations. The PCR–RFLP can be used as a cost-effective method for diagnosing FAM111B mutations in POIKTMP, and it does not require having robust experience in molecular biology.
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Welter AL, Machida YJ. Functions and evolution of FAM111 serine proteases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1081166. [PMID: 36589246 PMCID: PMC9798293 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis plays fundamental and regulatory roles in diverse cellular processes. The serine protease FAM111A (FAM111 trypsin-like peptidase A) emerged recently as a protease involved in two seemingly distinct processes: DNA replication and antiviral defense. FAM111A localizes to nascent DNA and plays a role at the DNA replication fork. At the fork, FAM111A is hypothesized to promote DNA replication at DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) and protein obstacles. On the other hand, FAM111A has also been identified as a host restriction factor for mutants of SV40 and orthopoxviruses. FAM111A also has a paralog, FAM111B, a serine protease with unknown cellular functions. Furthermore, heterozygous missense mutations in FAM111A and FAM111B cause distinct genetic disorders. In this review, we discuss possible models that could explain how FAM111A can function as a protease in both DNA replication and antiviral defense. We also review the consequences of FAM111A and FAM111B mutations and explore possible mechanisms underlying the diseases. Additionally, we propose a possible explanation for what drove the evolution of FAM111 proteins and discuss why some species have two FAM111 proteases. Altogether, studies of FAM111 proteases in DNA repair, antiviral defense, and genetic diseases will help us elucidate their functions and the regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Welter
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuichi J. Machida
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Macchiaiolo M, Panfili FM, Vecchio D, Cortellessa F, Gonfiantini MV, Buonuomo PS, Pietrobattista A, Francalanci P, Travaglini L, Bertini ES, El Hachem M, Bartuli A. Expanding phenotype of FAM111B-related disease focusing on liver involvement: Literature review, report of a case with end-stage liver disease and proposal for a new acronym. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2920-2931. [PMID: 35869874 PMCID: PMC9546324 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
POIKiloderma, tendon contractures, myopathy, pulmonary fibrosis is a congenital multisystem disorder due to FAM111B dominant variants. We present a literature review focusing on the frequency and the impact of hepatic involvement and a case report of a patient with severe end-stage liver disease. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on the proband and his parents. A de novo FAM111B: c.1879A > G; (p.Arg627Gly) variant was identified. Hepatic involvement is present in 11 out of the 30 patients described in the literature, with different levels of dysfunction ranging from mild transaminitis to liver fibrosis found in three different cases by liver biopsies. Liver involvement seems to be a significant cause of morbidity. We propose to modify the previous acronym in POIK-TMPL: including POIKiloderma, tendon contractures, myopathy, pulmonary fibrosis/pancreas insufficiency and cancer, liver involvement/lymphedema. Moreover, we suggest screening patients with FAM111B variants for liver involvement from the first month of life and continue with an appropriate follow-up. Further studies are needed to better understand this frequent complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics UnitUniversity‐Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSSRomeItaly
| | - Filippo M. Panfili
- Academic Department of PediatricsBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly,School of PediatricsUniversity of Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics UnitUniversity‐Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSSRomeItaly
| | - Fabiana Cortellessa
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics UnitUniversity‐Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSSRomeItaly
| | - Michaela V. Gonfiantini
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics UnitUniversity‐Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSSRomeItaly
| | - Paola S. Buonuomo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics UnitUniversity‐Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSSRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Pietrobattista
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionBambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Paola Francalanci
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalScientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization, and Health CareRomeItaly
| | - Lorena Travaglini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of NeuroscienceChildren's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Enrico S. Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of NeuroscienceChildren's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Maya El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics UnitUniversity‐Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSSRomeItaly
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Arowolo A, Malebana M, Sunda F, Rhoda C. Proposed Cellular Function of the Human FAM111B Protein and Dysregulation in Fibrosis and Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932167. [PMID: 35860584 PMCID: PMC9293052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM111B gene mutations are associated with a hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma known to cause poikiloderma, tendon contracture, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP). In addition, the overexpression of FAM111B has been associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. This review inferred the molecular function of this gene's protein product and mutational dysfunction in fibrosis and cancer based on recent findings from studies on this gene. In conclusion, FAM111B represents an uncharacterized protease involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. The dysregulation of this protein ultimately leads to fibrotic diseases like POIKTMP and cancers via the disruption of these cellular processes by the mutation of the FAM111B gene. Hence, it should be studied in the context of these diseases as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolake Arowolo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Moses Malebana
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Falone Sunda
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cenza Rhoda
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Arowolo A, Rhoda C, Khumalo N. Mutations within the putative protease domain of the human FAM111B gene may predict disease severity and poor prognosis: A review of POIKTMP cases. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:648-654. [PMID: 35122327 PMCID: PMC9344908 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human FAM111B gene are associated with a rare, hereditary multi‐systemic fibrosing disease, POIKTMP. To date, there are ten POIKTMP‐associated FAM111B gene mutations reported in thirty‐six patients from five families globally. To investigate the clinical significance of these mutations, we summarized individual cases by clinical features and position of the reported FAM111B gene mutations as those within and outside the putative protease domain (MWPPD and MOPPD respectively). MWPPD cases had more clinical manifestations than MOPPD (25 versus 18). Although the most common clinical features of poikiloderma, alopecia and hypohidrosis overall occurred in 94%, 86% and 75% of all cases with no significant differences between the MOPPD and MWPPD group, less common features included life‐threatening (pulmonary fibrosis 47% vs. 13%; liver abnormalities specifically cirrhosis 26% vs. 7%) and physically disabling conditions (myopathy 53% vs. 20%; tendon contracture 55% vs. 7%) were more common in MWPPD cases. Similarly, the only 2 cases of POIKTMP with fatal pancreatic cancers were both only in the MWPPD group. This review thus suggests that mutations within the putative protease domain of the FAM111B protein are associated with a broader range of clinical features and may predict increased POIKTMP severity and a poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolake Arowolo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cenza Rhoda
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Khumalo
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital and the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Roversi G, Colombo EA, Magnani I, Gervasini C, Maggiore G, Paradisi M, Larizza L. Spontaneous chromosomal instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes from two molecularly confirmed Italian patients with Hereditary Fibrosis Poikiloderma: insights into cancer predisposition. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200332. [PMID: 34358284 PMCID: PMC8345126 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Italian patients with the initial clinical diagnosis of Rothmund-Thomson
syndrome were negative for RECQL4 mutations but showed in
peripheral blood cells a spontaneous chromosomal instability significantly
higher than controls. Revisiting after time their clinical phenotype, the
suggestive matching with the autosomal dominant syndrome Poikiloderma,
Hereditary Fibrosing with Tendon Contracture, Myopathy and Pulmonary fibrosis
(POIKTMP) was confirmed by identification of the c.1879A>G (p.Arg627Gly)
alteration in FAM111B. We compare the overall clinical signs of
our patients with those of reported carriers of the same mutation and present
the up-to-date mutational repertoire of FAM111B and the related
phenotypic spectrum. Our snapshot highlights the age-dependent clinical
expressivity of POIKTMP and the need to follow-up patients to monitor the
multi-tissue impairment caused by FAM111B alterations. We link
our chromosomal instability data to the role of FAM111B in
cancer predisposition, pointed out by its implication in DNA-repair pathways and
the outcome of pancreatic cancer in 2 out of 17 adult POIKTMP patients. The
chromosomal instability herein highlighted well connects POIKTMP to
cancer-predisposing syndromes, such as Rothmund-Thomson which represents the
first hereditary poikiloderma entering in differential diagnosis with
POIKTMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Roversi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Magnani
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maggiore
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Paradisi
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratorio di Citogenetica e Genetica Molecolare Umana, Milan, Italy
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