Steatocystoma multiplex: A review

Benign Cutaneous Cysts: A Comprehensive Analysis of 1160 cases

Background Cysts are common skin abnormalities that are mostly benign; however, sometimes malignant lesions may present clinically as cystic manifestations. Benign cutaneous cysts can be of different morphological types and their diagnosis relies on histological evaluations. The most common mode of treatment is surgical excision, which is curative. Methodology This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Histopathology, Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore, Pakistan from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2022. Non-probability consecutive sampling was done, and all the cases of benign cutaneous cysts were included. All cases were microscopically reviewed by two histopathologists, and variables like age, gender, site of the lesion, and histological diagnosis were noted. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29 (Released 2022; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results A total of 1160 recorded cases of benign cutaneous cysts were included. Overall gender distribution revealed males (n=489, 42.1%) and females (n=671, 57.8%). The age range was 3 to 91 years with a mean age of 37.56 ± 16.05 years. The three most common cysts were epidermal inclusion cysts (74.3%), trichilemmal cysts (15.1%), and dermoid cysts (6.3%). Other cysts were uncommon including hidrocystoma (1.9%), steatocystoma (0.3%), verrucous cysts (0.3%), comedones (0.6%), hybrid cysts (0.2%), milia (0.3%), and vellus hair cysts (0.2%). The most common site was back (23.5%) for epidermal inclusion cysts, scalp (74.4%) for trichilemmal cysts, and eye (33.8%) for dermoid cysts. Conclusion Benign cutaneous cysts have a broad morphological spectrum with a wide age range. Epidermal inclusion cysts, trichilemmal cysts, dermoid cysts, and hidrocystoma account for the four most common types. For each of the other cyst type, the prevalence was under 1%. Female gender predominated in epidermal inclusion cysts, trichilemmal cysts, and dermoid cysts while male gender was common in other cysts. Overall majority of the cysts presented in the head and neck area.

Steatocystoma multiplex of the scrotum. Clinical case

Steatocystoma multiplex is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by multiple sebum-containing dermal cysts. We report the case of a 64-year-old male presented with multiple skin-colored, partially hyperemic cystic located in the scrotum area. They were accompanied by an active inflammatory process in the form of pain, swelling, hyperemia. The lesion was present for about 1 month. Previously, this patient had diagnosed with multiple steatocystoma located in the hip area and received surgical treatment.

At present, such reports in the scientific databases are presented sporadically, therefore we report on multiple steatocystoma of the scrotal localization due to its rarity.

1927-nm fiber-optic diode laser: A novel therapeutic option for facial steatocystoma multiplex

Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a cutaneous disorder that presents with multiple yellowish intradermal cysts originating from the pilosebaceous ducts. Although various treatments have been attempted to improve cosmetic outcomes, no optimal treatment strategy has been established to date. A 41-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of multiple skin-colored papulonodules over his entire body. He was diagnosed with SM, and we treated his facial SM with a 1927-nm diode laser. Two treatment sessions at a 5-week interval led to cosmetically excellent outcomes. There was no recurrence at the 8-month follow-up. Herein, we present a case of SM that was successfully treated with a 1927-nm fiber-optic diode laser.

An Unusual Case of Facial Steatocystoma Multiplex: A Clinicopathologic and Dermoscopic Report

Background

Steatocystoma multiplex is a benign skin disorder originating from the sebaceous and nevoid ducts. Commonly classified under hamartomas, they are distributed over the trunk, neck, axillae, and groin.

Methods

A 28-year-old male patient complained of multiple, asymptomatic skin-colored nodules over the face of 10-year duration. Clinical examination confirmed the historic findings of nontender, polysized, flesh-colored papules and nodules over the said distribution.

Results

On histopathology, a cyst was noted in the mid-dermis, lined by stratified squamous, agranular epithelium, which contained degenerated keratin. Nonpolarized dermoscopy showed a structureless, cream-colored area, and polarized dermoscopy revealed a distinctive, well-circumscribed, yellowish hue which was superimposed over the facial pseudoreticular pigmentary pattern. The findings were compatible with steatocystoma multiplex, and the patient was taken up for radiofrequency ablation.

Conclusion

Herein, we report a rare variant of steatocystoma multiplex limited to the face and scalp subjected to dermatoscopy and characteristic histological correlation. To the best of our knowledge and following a literature search, dermoscopic features of this condition have not been reported thus far.