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Mirza R, Shah KU, Khan AU, Fawad M, Rehman AU, Ahmed N, Nawaz A, Shah SU, Alasmari AF, Alharbi M, Alasmari F, Hafeez Z, Haq SU. Statistical design and optimization of nano-transfersomes based chitosan gel for transdermal delivery of cefepime. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:511-523. [PMID: 38718267 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2353098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to overcome challenges posed by cefepime excessive elimination rate and poor patient compliance by developing transdermal delivery system using nano-transfersomes based chitosan gel. METHODS Rotary evaporation-sonication method and the Box-Behnken model were used to prepare cefepime loaded nano-transfersomes (CPE-NTFs). The physiochemical characterization of CPE-NTFs were analyzed including DLS, deformability index, DSC and antimicrobial study. Optimized CPE-NTFs loaded into chitosan gel and appropriately characterized. In vitro release, ex vivo and in vivo studies were performed. RESULTS The CPE-NTFs were physically stable with particle size 222.6 ± 1.8 nm, polydispersity index 0.163 ± 0.02, zeta potential -20.8 ± 0.1 mv, entrapment efficiency 81.4 ± 1.1% and deformability index 71 ± 0.2. DSC analysis confirmed successful drug loading and thermal stability. FTIR analysis showed no chemical interaction among the excipients of CPE-NTFs gel. The antibacterial activity demonstrated a remarkable reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration of cefepime when incorporated into nano-transfersomes. CPE-NTFs based chitosan gel (CPE-NTFs gel) showed significant physicochemical properties. In vitro release studies exhibited sustained release behavior over 24 h, and ex vivo studies indicated enhanced permeation and retention compared to conventional cefepime gel. In vivo skin irritation studies confirmed CPE-NTFs gel was nonirritating and biocompatible for transdermal delivery. CONCLUSION This research showed nano-transfersomes based chitosan gel is a promising approach for cefepime transdermal delivery and provides sustained release of cefepime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashna Mirza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Fawad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sami Ul Haq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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El Ghoubary NM, Fadel M, Abdel Fadeel D. Non-pigmented laser hair removal mediated via sepia melanin nanoparticles: in vivo study on albino mice. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:524-536. [PMID: 38752842 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2356813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melanin is considered the main chromophore for laser hair removal. Due to a lack of laser-absorbing chromophores, removing non-pigmented hair with laser is quite problematic with unsatisfactory outcomes. This problem could be solved by delivering more melanin to the area around the hair follicle and enhancing that area as a target for light absorption. The insolubility of Sepia melanin as an exogenous dye, in most solvents, limits its bioavailability and thus its clinical use. METHODS In our study, to overcome the solubility problems and increase the bioavailability of melanin for biomedical and cosmetic applications, natural sepia melanin was loaded in different nano-delivery systems (spanlastics and transfersomes) to be delivered to the hair follicles. The different formulations of melanin were prepared and characterized. In vivo skin deposition and histopathological studies were conducted on albino mice. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the spherical shape of the prepared vesicles with an average particle size of 252 and 262 nm and zeta potential of -22.5 and -35 mV for melanin spanlastics and melanin transfersomes, respectively. Histopathological examination of hair follicles and pilosebaceous glands for the irradiated and non-irradiated albino mice skin was studied post the application of the prepared formulations topically and subcutaneously. Qualitative statistical analysis was conducted and melanin transfersomes and melanin spanlastics showed significant damage to pilosebaceous glands and hair follicles with a p-value of 0.031 and 0.009 respectively. CONCLUSION Melanin nanovesicles as transfersomes and spanlastics could be considered a promising approach for the removal of non-pigmented hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayera Mohamed El Ghoubary
- Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Fadel
- Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdel Fadeel
- Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, Department of Medical Applications of Laser, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Elmahboub Y, Albash R, Magdy William M, Rayan AH, Hamed NO, Ousman MS, Raslan NA, Mosallam S. Metformin Loaded Zein Polymeric Nanoparticles to Augment Antitumor Activity against Ehrlich Carcinoma via Activation of AMPK Pathway: D-Optimal Design Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Study. Molecules 2024; 29:1614. [PMID: 38611893 PMCID: PMC11013883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET), an antidiabetic drug, is emerging as a promising anticancer agent. This study was initiated to investigate the antitumor effects and potential molecular targets of MET in mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) as a model of breast cancer (BC) and to explore the potential of zein nanoparticles (ZNs) as a carrier for improving the anticancer effect of MET. ZNs were fabricated through ethanol injection followed by probe sonication method. The optimum ZN formulation (ZN8) was spherical and contained 5 mg zein and 30 mg sodium deoxycholate with a small particle size and high entrapment efficiency percentage and zeta potential. A stability study showed that ZN8 was stable for up to three months. In vitro release profiles proved the sustained effect of ZN8 compared to the MET solution. Treatment of SEC-bearing mice with ZN8 produced a more pronounced anticancer effect which was mediated by upregulation of P53 and miRNA-543 as well as downregulation of NF-κB and miRNA-191-5p gene expression. Furthermore, ZN8 produced a marked elevation in pAMPK and caspase-3 levels as well as a significant decrease in cyclin D1, COX-2, and PGE2 levels. The acquired findings verified the potency of MET-loaded ZNs as a treatment approach for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Elmahboub
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt;
| | - Rofida Albash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12585, Egypt;
| | - Mira Magdy William
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Amal H. Rayan
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat O. Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona S. Ousman
- Emergency Medical Services, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nahed A Raslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Al-Rayan Colleges, Medina 42541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Mosallam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt;
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Patil RK, Srivastava V, Bhawale R, Tryphena KP, Khatri DK, Doijad N, Mehra NK. Revamping the corneal permeability and antiglaucoma therapeutic potential of brinzolamide using transniosomes: optimization, in vitro and preclinical evaluation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:947-964. [PMID: 38483291 PMCID: PMC11221373 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to explore potential of transniosomes, a hybrid vesicular system, as ocular drug-delivery vehicle. Materials & methods: Thin-film hydration technique was used to fabricate brinzolamide-loaded transniosomes (BRZ-TN) and optimized using Box-Behnken design, further exhaustively characterized for physicochemical evaluations, deformability, drug release, permeation and preclinical evaluations for antiglaucoma activity. Results: The BRZ-TN showed ultradeformability (deformability index: 5.71), exhibiting sustained drug release without irritation (irritancy score: 0) and high permeability compared with the marketed formulation or free drug suspension. The extensive in vivo investigations affirmed effective targeted delivery of transniosomes, with brinzolamide reducing intraocular pressure potentially. Conclusion: Our findings anticipated that BRZ-TN is a promising therapeutic nanocarrier for effectively delivering cargo to targeted sites by crossing corneal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh K Patil
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vaibhavi Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rohit Bhawale
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Mumbai-400056, India
| | - Nandkumar Doijad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
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Pant A, Sharma G, Saini S, Kaur G, Jain A, Thakur A, Singh B. QbD-driven development of phospholipid-embedded lipidic nanocarriers of raloxifene: extensive in vitro and in vivo evaluation studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:730-756. [PMID: 37768530 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Raloxifene (RLX) is popularly indicated in treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of breast cancer. Owing to its poor aqueous solubility, high pre-systemic metabolism, intestinal glucuronidation, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, however, it demonstrates low (< 2%) and inconsistent oral bioavailability. The current work, Quality by Design (QbD)-driven development of phospholipid-embedded nanostructured lipidic carriers (NLCs) of RLX, accordingly, was undertaken to potentiate its lymphatic uptake, augment oral bioavailability, and possibly reduce drug dosage. Factor screening and failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) studies were performed to delineate high-risk factors using solid lipid (glyceryl monostearate), liquid lipid (vitamin E), and surfactant (Tween 80). Response surface optimization studies were performed employing the Box-Behnken design. Mathematical and graphical methods were adopted to embark upon the selection of optimized NLCs with various critical quality attributes (CQAs) of mean particle size as 186 nm, zeta potential of - 23.6 mV, entrapment efficiency of 80.09%, and cumulative drug release at 12 h of 83.87%. The DSC and FTIR studies, conducted on optimized NLCs, indicated successful entrapment of drug into the lipid matrix. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated Fickian diffusion mechanism. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats construed significant improvement in AUC0-72 h (4.48-folds) and in Cmax (5.11-folds), unequivocally indicating markedly superior (p < 0.001) oral bioavailability of RLX-NLCs vis-à-vis marketed tablet formulation. Subsequently, level "A" in vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC) was also successfully attempted between the percentages of in vitro drug dissolved and of in vivo drug absorbed at the matching time points. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies also corroborated higher efficacy and successful localization of coumarin-6-loaded NLCs into MG-63 cells through microfluidic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pant
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sumant Saini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Atul Jain
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Anil Thakur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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Paun RA, Jurchuk S, Tabrizian M. A landscape of recent advances in lipid nanoparticles and their translational potential for the treatment of solid tumors. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10601. [PMID: 38435821 PMCID: PMC10905562 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are biocompatible drug delivery systems that have found numerous applications in medicine. Their versatile nature enables the encapsulation and targeting of various types of medically relevant molecular cargo, including oligonucleotides, proteins, and small molecules for the treatment of diseases, such as cancer. Cancers that form solid tumors are particularly relevant for LNP-based therapeutics due to the enhanced permeation and retention effect that allows nanoparticles to accumulate within the tumor tissue. Additionally, LNPs can be formulated for both locoregional and systemic delivery depending on the tumor type and stage. To date, LNPs have been used extensively in the clinic to reduce systemic toxicity and improve outcomes in cancer patients by encapsulating chemotherapeutic drugs. Next-generation lipid nanoparticles are currently being developed to expand their use in gene therapy and immunotherapy, as well as to enable the co-encapsulation of multiple drugs in a single system. Other developments include the design of targeted LNPs to specific cells and tissues, and triggerable release systems to control cargo delivery at the tumor site. This review paper highlights recent developments in LNP drug delivery formulations and focuses on the treatment of solid tumors, while also discussing some of their current translational limitations and potential opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu A. Paun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah Jurchuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Faculty of Dentistry and Oral Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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7
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Chai C, Park J. Food liposomes: Structures, components, preparations, and applications. Food Chem 2024; 432:137228. [PMID: 37633138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
This review explores liposomes, focusing on their structure, components, the characteristics influencing their stability and applicability in foods, and preparation methods. The role of phospholipids and liposome modulators in preparing liposomes of desired structure and size is emphasized. The potential of liposomes to enhance food value through liposomal encapsulation and delivery of functional substances is reviewed. Conventional and advanced liposome preparation methods are reviewed, underscoring their impact on the marketability of liposomes. The review highlights the need for research into lecithin properties and modulators that enhance liposome stability. The need to develop cost-effective and rapid liposome preparation methods is identified as a key factor in improving the marketability of food liposomes and promoting their use in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Chai
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhyung Park
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
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8
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Eleraky NE, El-Badry M, Omar MM, El-Koussi WM, Mohamed NG, Abdel-Lateef MA, Hassan AS. Curcumin Transferosome-Loaded Thermosensitive Intranasal in situ Gel as Prospective Antiviral Therapy for SARS-Cov-2. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5831-5869. [PMID: 37869062 PMCID: PMC10590117 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s423251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Immunomodulatory and broad-spectrum antiviral activities have motivated the evaluation of curcumin for Coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) management. Inadequate bioavailability is the main impediment to the therapeutic effects of oral Cur. This study aimed to develop an optimal curcumin transferosome-loaded thermosensitive in situ gel to improve its delivery to the lungs. Methods Transferosomes were developed by using 33 screening layouts. The phospholipid concentration as well as the concentration and type of surfactant were considered independent variables. The entrapment efficiency (EE%), size, surface charge, and polydispersity index (PDI) were regarded as dependent factors. A cold technique was employed to develop thermosensitive in-situ gels. Optimized transferosomes were loaded onto the selected gels. The produced gel was assessed based on shape attributes, ex vivo permeability enhancement, and the safety of the nasal mucosa. The in vitro cytotoxicity, antiviral cytopathic effect, and plaque assay (CV/CPE/Plaque activity), and in vivo performance were evaluated after intranasal administration in experimental rabbits. Results The optimized preparation displayed a particle size of 664.3 ± 69.3 nm, EE% of 82.8 ± 0.02%, ZP of -11.23 ± 2.5 mV, and PDI of 0.6 ± 0.03. The in vitro curcumin release from the optimized transferosomal gel was markedly improved compared with that of the free drug-loaded gel. An ex vivo permeation study revealed a significant improvement (2.58-fold) in drug permeability across nasal tissues of sheep. Histopathological screening confirmed the safety of these preparations. This formulation showed high antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 at reduced concentrations. High relative bioavailability (226.45%) was attained after the formula intranasally administered to rabbits compared to the free drug in-situ gel. The curcumin transferosome gel displayed a relatively high lung accumulation after intranasal administration. Conclusion This study provides a promising formulation for the antiviral treatment of COVID-19 patients, which can be evaluated further in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin E Eleraky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Badry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Wesam M El-Koussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Noha G Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abeer S Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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9
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Improved Topical Drug Delivery: Role of Permeation Enhancers and Advanced Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122818. [PMID: 36559311 PMCID: PMC9785322 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of drugs via transdermal routes is an attractive approach due to ease of administration, bypassing of the first-pass metabolism, and the large skin surface area. However, a major drawback is an inability to surmount the skin's stratum corneum (SC) layer. Therefore, techniques reversibly modifying the stratum corneum have been a classical approach. Surmounting the significant barrier properties of the skin in a well-organised, momentary, and harmless approach is still challenging. Chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) with higher activity are associated with certain side effects restricting their advancement in transdermal drug delivery. Furthermore, complexity in the interaction of CPEs with the skin has led to difficulty in elucidating the mechanism of action. Nevertheless, CPEs-aided transdermal drug delivery will accomplish its full potential due to advancements in analytical techniques, synthetic chemistry, and combinatorial studies. This review focused on techniques such as drug-vehicle interaction, vesicles and their analogues, and novel CPEs such as lipid synthesis inhibitors (LSIs), cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), and ionic liquids (ILs). In addition, different types of microneedles, including 3D-printed microneedles, have been focused on in this review.
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Tamilarasan N, Yasmin BM, Anitha P, Umme H, Cheng WH, Mohan S, Ramkanth S, Janakiraman AK. Box-Behnken Design: Optimization of Proanthocyanidin-Loaded Transferosomes as an Effective Therapeutic Approach for Osteoarthritis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12172954. [PMID: 36079990 PMCID: PMC9457895 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transferosomes are one of the vesicular carriers that have received extensive research and attention recently because of their capacity to get beyond the barriers posed by the stratum corneum to penetration. The intent of the current study is to optimize and evaluate proanthocyanidin (PAC) containing transferosomal transdermal gels. PAC-containing transferosomes were prepared using the film hydration method and then loaded into a 4% methylcellulose gel. A 23 Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the PAC-loaded transferosomal gel, where the effects of phospholipid 90 G (X1), Tween 80 (X2), and sonication time (X3) were evaluated. The formulation factors, such as the drug entrapment efficiency percentage (PEE) and in vitro drug release, were characterized. A PEE of 78.29 ± 1.43% and a drug release in vitro at 6 h of 24.2 ± 1.25% were obtained. The optimized transferosomal-loaded proanthocyanidin (OTP) formulation penetrated the porcine skin at an excellent rate (0.123 ± 0.0067 mg/cm2/h). Stability tests were conducted for OTP to predict the effects of various temperature conditions on the physical appearance, drug content, and PEE for periods of 15, 30, and 45 days. Finally, this transferosomal system for transdermal PAC delivery may be a suitable alternative to the conventional treatment for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Begum M. Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Posina Anitha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet 516126, AP, India
| | - Hani Umme
- Department of Pharmaceutics, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wan Hee Cheng
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sellapan Mohan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore 641032, TN, India
| | - Sundarapandian Ramkanth
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore 641032, TN, India
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (A.K.J.); Tel.: +91-9618312122 (S.R.)
| | - Ashok Kumar Janakiraman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (A.K.J.); Tel.: +91-9618312122 (S.R.)
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11
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Enhanced potato tuber penetration of carboxin via ultradeformable liposomes. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Opatha SAT, Titapiwatanakun V, Boonpisutiinant K, Chutoprapat R. Preparation, Characterization and Permeation Study of Topical Gel Loaded with Transfersomes Containing Asiatic Acid. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154865. [PMID: 35956816 PMCID: PMC9369753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro permeation of asiatic acid (AA) in the form of a topical gel after entrapment in transfersomes by Franz diffusion cells. Transfersomes composed of soybean lecithin and three different edge activators including Tween 80 (TW80), Span 80 (SP80) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) at the ratio of 50:50, 90:10 and 90:10, respectively, together with 0.3% w/w of AA, were prepared by a high-pressure homogenization technique and further incorporated in gels (TW80AATG, SP80AATG and SDCAATG). All transfersomal gels were characterized for their AA contents, dynamic viscosity, pH and homogeneity. Results revealed that the AA content, dynamic viscosity and pH of the prepared transfersomal gels ranged from 0.272 ± 0.006 to 0.280 ± 0.005% w/w, 812.21 ± 20.22 to 1222.76 ± 131.99 Pa.s and 5.94 ± 0.03 to 7.53 ± 0.03, respectively. TW80AATG gave the highest percentage of AA penetration and flux into the Strat-M® membrane at 8 h (8.53 ± 1.42% and 0.024 ± 0.008 mg/cm2/h, respectively) compared to SP80AATG (8.00 ± 1.70% and 0.019 ± 0.010 mg/cm2/h, respectively), SDCAATG (4.80 ± 0.50% and 0.014 ± 0.004 mg/cm2/h, respectively), non-transfersomal gels (0.73 ± 0.44 to 3.13 ± 0.46% and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 0.010 ± 0.002 mg/cm2/h, respectively) and hydroethanolic AA solution in gel (1.18 ± 0.76% and 0.004 ± 0.003 mg/cm2/h, respectively). These findings indicate that the TW80AATG might serve as a lead formulation for further development toward scar prevention and many types of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakthi Apsara Thejani Opatha
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.A.T.O.); (V.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Varin Titapiwatanakun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.A.T.O.); (V.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Korawinwich Boonpisutiinant
- Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdoms (INPTW), Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand;
| | - Romchat Chutoprapat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.A.T.O.); (V.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Tuntiyasawasdikul S, Sripanidkulchai B. Curcuma comosa loaded transfersomal gel for transdermal application: Formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1824-1834. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2064486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarunya Tuntiyasawasdikul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products (CRD-HHP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University
| | - Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products (CRD-HHP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University
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Formulation Development for Transdermal Delivery of Raloxifene, a Chemoprophylactic Agent against Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030680. [PMID: 35336054 PMCID: PMC8953220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene (RLX) is a second-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator approved for the prevention of invasive breast cancer in women. Oral therapy of RLX requires daily intake and is associated with side effects that may lead to low adherence. We developed a weekly transdermal delivery system (TDS) for the sustained delivery of RLX to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness, increase adherence, and reduce side effects. We evaluated the weekly transdermal administration of RLX using passive permeation, chemical enhancers, physical enhancement techniques, and matrix- and reservoir-type systems, including polymeric gels. In vitro permeation studies were conducted using vertical Franz diffusion cells across dermatomed human skin or human epidermis. Oleic acid was selected as a chemical enhancer based on yielding the highest drug delivery amongst the various enhancers screened and was incorporated in the formulation of TDSs and polymeric gels. Based on in vitro results, both Eudragit- and colloidal silicon dioxide-based transdermal gels of RLX exceeded the target flux of 24 μg/cm2/day for 7 days. An infinite dose of these gels delivered 326.23 ± 107.58 µg/ cm2 and 498.81 ± 14.26 µg/ cm2 of RLX in 7 days, respectively, successfully exceeding the required target flux. These in vitro results confirm the potential of reservoir-based polymeric gels as a TDS for the weekly administration of RLX.
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Martínez AV, Merino V, Ganem-Rondero A. Transdermal formulations and strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Akram MW, Jamshaid H, Rehman FU, Zaeem M, Khan JZ, Zeb A. Transfersomes: a Revolutionary Nanosystem for Efficient Transdermal Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:7. [PMID: 34853906 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal delivery system has gained significance in drug delivery owing to its advantages over the conventional delivery systems. However, the barriers of stratum corneum along with skin irritation are its major limitations. Various physical and chemical techniques have been employed to alleviate these impediments. Among all these, transfersomes have shown potential for overcoming the associated limitations and successfully delivering therapeutic agents into systemic circulation. These amphipathic vesicles are composed of phospholipids and edge activators. Along with providing elasticity, edge activator also affects the vesicular size and entrapment efficiency of transfersomes. The mechanism behind the enhanced permeation of transfersomes through the skin involves their deformability and osmotic gradient across the application site. Permeation enhancers can further enhance their permeability. Biocompatibility; capacity for carrying hydrophilic, lipophilic as well as high molecular weight therapeutics; deformability; lesser toxicity; enhanced permeability; and scalability along with potential for surface modification, active targeting, and controlled release render them ideal designs for efficient drug delivery. The current review provides a brief account of the discovery, advantages, composition, synthesis, comparison with other cutaneous nano-drug delivery systems, applications, and recent developments in this area.
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Li Z, Fang X, Yu D. Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems and Their Use in Obesity Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12754. [PMID: 34884558 PMCID: PMC8657870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has recently emerged as an effective alternative to oral and injection administration because of its less invasiveness, low rejection rate, and excellent ease of administration. TDD has made an important contribution to medical practice such as diabetes, hemorrhoids, arthritis, migraine, and schizophrenia treatment, but has yet to fully achieve its potential in the treatment of obesity. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and posed a significant threat to human health. Various approaches, including oral and injection administration have widely been used in clinical setting for obesity treatment. However, these traditional options remain ineffective and inconvenient, and carry risks of adverse effects. Therefore, alternative and advanced drug delivery strategies with higher efficacy and less toxicity such as TDD are urgently required for obesity treatment. This review summarizes current TDD technology, and the main anti-obesity drug delivery system. This review also provides insights into various anti-obesity drugs under study with a focus on the recent developments of TDD system for enhanced anti-obesity drug delivery. Although most of presented studies stay in animal stage, the application of TDD in anti-obesity drugs would have a significant impact on bringing safe and effective therapies to obese patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dahai Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Z.L.); (X.F.)
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Demartis S, Rassu G, Murgia S, Casula L, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Improving Dermal Delivery of Rose Bengal by Deformable Lipid Nanovesicles for Topical Treatment of Melanoma. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4046-4057. [PMID: 34554752 PMCID: PMC8564756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cutaneous melanoma
is one of the most aggressive and metastatic
forms of skin cancer. However, current therapeutic options present
several limitations, and the annual death rate due to melanoma increases
every year. Dermal delivery of nanomedicines can effectively eradicate
primary melanoma lesions, avoid the metastatic process, and improve
survival. Rose Bengal (RB) is a sono-photosensitizer drug with intrinsic
cytotoxicity toward melanoma without external stimuli but the biopharmaceutical
profile limits its clinical use. Here, we propose deformable lipid
nanovesicles, also known as transfersomes (TF), for the targeted dermal
delivery of RB to melanoma lesions to eradicate them in the absence
of external stimuli. Considering RB’s poor ability to cross
the stratum corneum and its photosensitizer nature, transfersomal
carriers were selected simultaneously to enhance RB penetration to
the deepest skin layers and protect RB from undesired photodegradation.
RB-loaded TF dispersion (RB-TF), prepared by a modified reverse-phase
evaporation method, were nanosized with a ζ-potential value
below −30 mV. The spectrophotometric and fluorimetric analysis
revealed that RB efficiently interacted with the lipid phase. The
morphological investigations (transmission electron microscopy and
small-angle X-ray scattering) proved that RB intercalated within the
phospholipid bilayer of TF originating unilamellar and deformable
vesicles, in contrast to the rigid multilamellar unloaded ones. Such
outcomes agree with the results of the in vitro permeation study,
where the lack of a burst RB permeation peak for RB-TF, observed instead
for the free drug, suggests that a significant amount of RB interacted
with lipid nanovesicles. Also, RB-TF proved to protect RB from undesired
photodegradation over 24 h of direct light exposure. The ex vivo epidermis
permeation study proved that RB-TF significantly increased RB’s
amount permeating the epidermis compared to the free drug (78.31 vs
38.31%). Finally, the antiproliferative assays on melanoma cells suggested
that RB-TF effectively reduced cell growth compared to free RB at
the concentrations tested (25 and 50 μM). RB-TF could potentially
increase selectivity toward cancer cells. Considering the outcomes
of the characterization and cytotoxicity studies performed on RB-TF,
we conclude that RB-TF represents a valid potential alternative tool
to fight against primary melanoma lesions via dermal delivery in the
absence of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Demartis
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.,CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Casula
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Gyanewali S, Kesharwani P, Sheikh A, Ahmad FJ, Trivedi R, Talegaonkar S. Formulation development and in vitro-in vivo assessment of protransfersomal gel of anti-resorptive drug in osteoporosis treatment. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121060. [PMID: 34500057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden worldwide. Despite being an effective in combating the bone-deteriorating disorders, bisphosphonates have several shortcomings including poor and variable bioavailability, low permeability, high toxicity, etc. In this study, we developed and optimized protransfersome formulation for the drug risedronate sodium (RIS-Na) with the goal of enhancing its bioavailability and hence patient compliance. Phase separation coacervation technique was utilized for development of optimized formulation. Optimization was achieved by using three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This enabled us to decipher the effect of 3 independent variables (Phospholipid, Tween-80 and Sodium Deoxycholate) on three dependent parameters (entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and transdermal flux). Optimized formulation was further evaluated for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. Smooth, spherical protransfersomes with a size of 260 ± 18 nm, having entrapment efficiency and flux of 80.4 ± 4.90% and 8.41 ± 0.148 μg/cm2/h, respectively were prepared. Ex vivo studies revealed a shorter lag time of 1.21 ± 0.18 h and higher flux associated with transdermal formulation. CLSM analysis further revealed better drug penetration (220 μm) through the skin in case of protransfersomes as compared to drug solution (72 μm). Additionally, biomechanical, biochemical, and histo-pathological studies further validated the results. Thus, it was concluded that protransfersome formulation has a great potential in providing better therapeutic efficacy of risedronate than its conventional counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gyanewali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Department of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India.
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Ultradeformable vesicles: concepts and applications relating to the delivery of skin cosmetics. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:739-756. [PMID: 34519219 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a phenomenon resulting in reduced self-confidence, thus becoming a major factor in social determinants of health. The use of active cosmetic ingredients can help prevent skin aging. Transfersomes are well known to be capable of deeply penetrating the dermis. This scoping review provides an insight into transfersomes and their prospective use in anti-aging cosmetics. Numerous reports exist highlighting the successful skin delivery of therapeutic agents such as high-molecular-weight, poorly water soluble and poorly permeable active ingredients by means of transfersomes. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that transfersomes increase the deposition, penetration and efficacy of active ingredients. However, the use of transfersomes in the delivery of active cosmetic ingredients is limited. Considering their similar physicochemical properties, transfersomes should possess considerable potential as a delivery system for anti-aging cosmetics.
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Kaur J, Jakhmola S, Singh RR, Joshi B, Jha HC, Joshi A. Ultrasonic Atomizer-Driven Development of Biocompatible and Biodegradable Poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) Nanocarrier-Encapsulated Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid to Combat Brain Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5627-5637. [PMID: 35006730 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The path to the discovery of anticancer drugs and investigating their potential activity has remained a quest for several decades. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as "Vorinostat", is a well-known histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and has the potential to act as a therapeutic agent against tumorigenesis. Herein, we have fabricated SAHA incorporated into biocompatible and biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) using a facile method of ultrasonic atomization and evaluated their anticancer property. We have explored their characteristics using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release and have investigated their efficacy on U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cells. SAHA-PLGA NPs synthesized were of average mean size of 80 ± 23 and 105 ± 6.0 nm observed through cryo-field-emission gun SEM and HR-TEM with a polydispersity index of 0.068 and a ζ-potential value of -13.26 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 53%, with a sustained in vitro release up to 48 h. The in vitro assessment of SAHA-PLGA NPs for their anticancer activity on U87 GBM cells showed cellular cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 19.91 μM. SAHA-PLGA NP-treated cells also showed suppression in migration with 8.77 μM concentration, and cell growth inhibition was observed in the wound scratch assay for up to 24 h. The cellular uptake studies have been utilized by time-dependent experiments, revealing their cellular internalization. Taking this into account, our present experimental findings indicate that SAHA-PLGA NPs could play a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness and bioavailability and reducing adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy. It also highlights the inherent potential of these biocompatible entities for chemotherapeutic applications in biomedical and pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Jakhmola
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Raj Singh
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavana Joshi
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
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Abstract
The topical and transdermal routes of drug administration are long known to the field of pharmaceutics. These routes have been explored for the delivery of a wide range of therapeutic agents over centuries. However, the anatomy of the skin and the physicochemical properties of molecules limit their transport via these routes. To overcome these challenges, a nano-phospholipid carrier called liposome was developed in the 1960s. Liposomal delivery of drugs was reported to be limited to the upper layers of skin. This led to the development of self-regulating and self-adaptable vesicles known as transfersomes. This review critically evaluates the barriers in delivery across the skin, recent advancements in liposomes, transfersomes and their impact in the pharmaceutical field.
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Mirtaleb MS, Shahraky MK, Ekrami E, Mirtaleb A. Advances in biological nano-phospholipid vesicles for transdermal delivery: A review on applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:758-791. [PMID: 33474709 PMCID: PMC7817074 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems.
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Gupta R, Kumar A. Transfersomes: The Ultra-Deformable Carrier System for Non-Invasive Delivery of Drug. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:408-420. [PMID: 32753015 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200804105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular systems have many advantages like prolonging the existence of the drug in the systemic circulation, minimizing the undesirable side-effects and helping the active moieties to reach their target sites using the carriers. However, the main drawback related to transdermal delivery is to cross stratum corneum, which can be overcome by the utilization of novel carrier systems e.g., transfersomes, which are ultra-deformable carrier systems composed of phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine) and edge activators (surfactants). Edge activators are responsible for the flexibility of the bilayer membranes of transfersomes. Different edge activators used in transfersomes include tween, span, bile salts (sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate) and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. These activators decrease the interfacial tension, thereby, increasing the deformability of the carrier system. Transfersomes can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs into a vesicular structure, which consists of one or more concentric bilayers. Due to the elastic nature of transfersomes, they can easily cross the natural physiological barriers i.e., skin and deliver the drug to its active site. The main benefit of using transfersomes as a carrier is the delivery of macromolecules through the skin by non-invasive route thereby increasing the patient's compliance. The transfersomal formulations can be used in the treatment of ocular diseases, alopecia, vulvovaginal candidiasis, osteoporosis, atopic dermatitis, tumor, leishmaniasis. It is also used in the delivery of growth hormones, anaesthesia, insulin, proteins, and herbal drugs. This review also focuses on the patents and clinical studies for various transfersomal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Amrish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
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Spray-dried raloxifene submicron particles for pulmonary delivery: Development and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Phospholipid Vesicles for Dermal/Transdermal and Nasal Administration of Active Molecules: The Effect of Surfactants and Alcohols on the Fluidity of Their Lipid Bilayers and Penetration Enhancement Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132959. [PMID: 32605117 PMCID: PMC7412180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review on the use of phospholipid nanovesicles for dermal/transdermal and nasal drug administration. Phospholipid-based vesicular carriers have been widely investigated for enhanced drug delivery via dermal/transdermal routes. Classic phospholipid vesicles, liposomes, do not penetrate the deep layers of the skin, but remain confined to the upper stratum corneum. The literature describes several approaches with the aim of altering the properties of these vesicles to improve their penetration properties. Transfersomes and ethosomes are the most investigated penetration-enhancing phospholipid nanovesicles, obtained by the incorporation of surfactant edge activators and high concentrations of ethanol, respectively. These two types of vesicles differ in terms of their structure, characteristics, mechanism of action and mode of application on the skin. Edge activators contribute to the deformability and elasticity of transfersomes, enabling them to penetrate through pores much smaller than their own size. The ethanol high concentration in ethosomes generates a soft vesicle by fluidizing the phospholipid bilayers, allowing the vesicle to penetrate deeper into the skin. Glycerosomes and transethosomes, phospholipid vesicles containing glycerol or a mixture of ethanol and edge activators, respectively, are also covered. This review discusses the effects of edge activators, ethanol and glycerol on the phospholipid vesicle, emphasizing the differences between a soft and an elastic nanovesicle, and presents their different preparation methods. To date, these differences have not been comparatively discussed. The review presents a large number of active molecules incorporated in these carriers and investigated in vitro, in vivo or in clinical human tests.
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Joshi B, Kaur J, Khan E, Kumar A, Joshi A. Ultrasonic atomizer driven development of doxorubicin-chitosan nanoparticles as anticancer therapeutics: Evaluation of anionic cross-linkers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hosny KM, Rizg WY, Khallaf RA. Preparation and Optimization of In Situ Gel Loaded with Rosuvastatin-Ellagic Acid Nanotransfersomes to Enhance the Anti-Proliferative Activity. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030263. [PMID: 32183144 PMCID: PMC7151021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an optimized sustained-release nanotransfersomes (NTS) based in situ gel formulation of rosuvastatin (RO) combined with ellagic acid (EA) antioxidant, to enhance cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity against tongue carcinoma. The concentrations of lecithin, Tween 80, and d-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) were considered as independent variables. Particle size, entrapment, and stability were selected as dependent variables. The obtained formulation containing 25% lecithin, 20% Tween 80, and TPGS 15% fulfilled the prerequisites of the optimum formulation. RO-NTS loaded in situ gel was prepared and optimized for concentrations of Poloxamer 407, and Carbopol, using statistical design. Drug release from in situ gel showed a sustained release profile. The RO IC50 was decreased by half for the in situ gel in comparison to plain RO and RO-EA-NTS. A significant amount of caspase-3 was detected in all the formulation treatments. The studies indicated that EA’s synergistic anti-oxidant effect owing to a high affinity to the PGP efflux transporter and higher penetration in the RO-NTS formulation led to a higher inhibition against human chondrosarcome-3 cancer cell lines. RO-EA NTS–loaded in situ gel had a sustained release that could be significant in localized therapy as an alternative to surgery in the treatment of aggressive tongue carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Waleed Y. Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rasha A. Khallaf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
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Piumitali B, Neeraj U, Jyotivardhan J. Transfersomes — A Nanoscience in Transdermal Drug Delivery and Its Clinical Advancements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x19500339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The convenient nanotransdermal delivery system is always likely to have some ideal and unique characteristics, predominantly for safety, desired actions, clinical efficacy, enriched with a therapeutic index with minimal adverse occurrence. One of the most challenging tasks for the formulators is to transfer the medicament, especially macromolecules, through the skin. Some of the ways to achieve this is the use of a painful needle or some other methods which also have economical constraints. A new technology has been developed, that is ultradeformable liposomes, also called as transfersomes. These are an elastic type of lipid vesicle aggregates capable of delivering wide range of active moieties including various biomolecules. It can be manufactured by evaporation, vortexing, reverse-phase evaporation, ethanol injection or freeze-thaw methods, where phospholipids and edge activators are the major ingredients that contribute the main role in their unique mechanism of permeation through less permeable stratum corneum. This review mainly focuses on the clinical trial studies and patents accessible on transfersomal products worldwide, highlights the recent work on transfersomes with various therapeutic agents. An effort to explain the deeper penetration of transfersomes across the epidermis layer by its pharmacokinetics and dynamic properties has been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bera Piumitali
- School of Pharmacy and Research, People’s University, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462037, India
| | - Upmanyu Neeraj
- School of Pharmacy and Research, People’s University, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462037, India
| | - Jaiswal Jyotivardhan
- Alkem Research Center, MIDC Industrial Estate, Taloja, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410208, India
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Rabiei M, Kashanian S, Samavati SS, Jamasb S, McInnes SJP. Nanomaterial and advanced technologies in transdermal drug delivery. J Drug Target 2019; 28:356-367. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1693579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Rabiei
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sensor and Biosensor Research Center (SBRC) & Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Shahriar Jamasb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Steven J. P. McInnes
- School of Engineering, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Waheed A, Aqil M, Ahad A, Imam SS, Moolakkadath T, Iqbal Z, Ali A. Improved bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride using limonene containing transdermal nano-sized vesicles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sheshala R, Anuar NK, Abu Samah NH, Wong TW. In Vitro Drug Dissolution/Permeation Testing of Nanocarriers for Skin Application: a Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:164. [PMID: 30993407 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights in vitro drug dissolution/permeation methods available for topical and transdermal nanocarriers that have been designed to modulate the propensity of drug release, drug penetration into skin, and permeation into systemic circulation. Presently, a few of USFDA-approved in vitro dissolution/permeation methods are available for skin product testing with no specific application to nanocarriers. Researchers are largely utilizing the in-house dissolution/permeation testing methods of nanocarriers. These drug release and permeation methods are pending to be standardized. Their biorelevance with reference to in vivo plasma concentration-time profiles requires further exploration to enable translation of in vitro data for in vivo or clinical performance prediction.
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Manca ML, Mir-Palomo S, Caddeo C, Nacher A, Díez-Sales O, Peris JE, Pedraz JL, Fadda AM, Manconi M. Sorbitol-penetration enhancer containing vesicles loaded with baicalin for the protection and regeneration of skin injured by oxidative stress and UV radiation. Int J Pharm 2018; 555:175-183. [PMID: 30468844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at improving the protective effects of baicalin on the skin, new highly-biocompatible penetration enhancer containing vesicles (PEVs) were developed by modifying the base formulation of transfersomes with sorbitol, thus obtaining sorbitol-PEVs. An extensive evaluation of the physico-chemical features of both transfersomes and sorbitol-PEVs was carried out. Transfersomes were mainly close-packed, multi-compartment vesicles, while sorbitol-PEVs appeared mostly as single, spherical, unilamellar vesicles. All the vesicles were small in size (∼128 nm) and negatively charged (∼-67 mV), without significant differences between the formulations. The in vitro delivery of baicalin to intact skin showed an improved ability of sorbitol-PEVs to favour the deposition of the flavonoid into the whole skin. In addition, the vesicular formulations protected keratinocytes and fibroblasts from oxidative stress and UV radiation, and promoted cell proliferation and migration, which favoured the closure of skin wound. Cell uptake was promoted as well, especially when sorbitol-PEVs were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Manca
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Mir-Palomo
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Amparo Nacher
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia 46100, Spain; Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Inter-University Institute from Polytechnic University of Valencia and University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Octavio Díez-Sales
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia 46100, Spain; Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Inter-University Institute from Polytechnic University of Valencia and University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Josè Esteban Peris
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Josè Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, University of Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Anna Maria Fadda
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Manconi
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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