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Gomi M, Mizutani N, Senoo R, Matsubara N, Watanabe A, Maruyama M, Kimura G, Higaki K. Development of Sustained Release System Based on High Water-Absorbable Gel Formation Using Croscarmellose Sodium, Alkaline Excipients and HPMC (ACSH SR System); Novel Application of Croscarmellose Sodium as a Gel Former. Pharm Res 2023; 40:3073-3086. [PMID: 37964084 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Croscarmellose sodium, generally used as a superdisintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations, is hydrolyzed to form the gel structure under basic pH conditions. Utilizing this property of croscarmellose sodium, we developed a novel sustained release (SR) system. METHODS Immediate release (IR) and SR tablets containing croscarmellose sodium, alkaline excipients and/or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were prepared and examined for wet strength and in vitro drug release behavior. In vivo oral drug absorption was evaluated for IR tablets, HPMC tablets and our novel SR tablets in fasted Beagle dogs. RESULTS To form the gel structure even under the physiological condition, alkaline excipients were added into the formulation containing croscarmellose sodium. Furthermore, HPMC was used to make the gel structure strong enough against mechanical destructive forces. The novel alkalized croscarmellose sodium-HPMC (ACSH) SR tablet, consisting of croscarmellose sodium, alkaline excipients, and HPMC, successfully sustained the release of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or nicardipine hydrochloride, compared with the IR tablets. The ACSH SR system provided a better release of acetaminophen than the HPMC tablet without croscarmellose sodium in the release study using a small volume of liquid, suggesting that substantial release and subsequent absorption would be expected in the distal intestinal segments after oral dosing. The in vivo oral absorption study revealed that the ACSH SR system successfully suppressed and prolonged the plasma concentrations of acetaminophen. CONCLUSION This novel ACSH SR system prepared with croscarmellose sodium, alkaline excipients, and HPMC, would be a promising SR formulation for enabling substantial drug absorption in the distal intestinal segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Gomi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Formulation R&D Laboratory, Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Kuise Terajima, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-0813, Japan.
| | - Naoya Mizutani
- Formulation R&D Laboratory, Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Kuise Terajima, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-0813, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Senoo
- Formulation R&D Laboratory, Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Kuise Terajima, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-0813, Japan
| | - Noriaki Matsubara
- Formulation R&D Laboratory, Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Kuise Terajima, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-0813, Japan
| | - Ayahisa Watanabe
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1, Futaba-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Go Kimura
- Formulation R&D Laboratory, Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Kuise Terajima, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 660-0813, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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Stamatopoulos K, O'Farrell C, Simmons M, Batchelor H. In vivo models to evaluate ingestible devices: Present status and current trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113915. [PMID: 34371085 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of orally ingestible devices is critical to optimize their performance early in development. Using animals as a pre-clinical tool can provide useful information on functionality, yet it is important to recognize that animal gastrointestinal physiology, pathophysiology and anatomy can differ to that in humans and that the most suitable species needs to be selected to inform the evaluation. There has been a move towards in vitro and in silico models rather than animal models in line with the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) as well as the better control and reproducibility associated with these systems. However, there are still instances where animal models provide the greatest understanding. This paper provides an overview of key aspects of human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology and compares parameters to those reported in animal species. The value of each species can be determined based upon the parameter of interest from the ingested device when considering the use of pre-clinical animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Stamatopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Development, PDS, MST, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Connor O'Farrell
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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In Vitro-In Silico Tools for Streamlined Development of Acalabrutinib Amorphous Solid Dispersion Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081257. [PMID: 34452217 PMCID: PMC8398755 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) dosage forms can improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, enabling the commercialization of new chemical entities and improving the efficacy and patient compliance of existing drugs. However, the development of robust, high-performing ASD dosage forms can be challenging, often requiring multiple formulation iterations, long timelines, and high cost. In a previous study, acalabrutinib/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-H grade ASD tablets were shown to overcome the pH effect of commercially marketed Calquence in beagle dogs. This study describes the streamlined in vitro and in silico approach used to develop those ASD tablets. HPMCAS-H and -M grade polymers provided the longest acalabrutinib supersaturation sustainment in an initial screening study, and HPMCAS-H grade ASDs provided the highest in vitro area under the curve (AUC) in gastric to intestinal transfer dissolution tests at elevated gastric pH. In silico simulations of the HPMCAS-H ASD tablet and Calquence capsule provided good in vivo study prediction accuracy using a bottom–up approach (absolute average fold error of AUC0-inf < 2). This streamlined approach combined an understanding of key drug, polymer, and gastrointestinal properties with in vitro and in silico tools to overcome the acalabrutinib pH effect without the need for reformulation or multiple studies, showing promise for reducing time and costs to develop ASD drug products.
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Mudie DM, Stewart AM, Rosales JA, Biswas N, Adam MS, Smith A, Craig CD, Morgen MM, Vodak DT. Amorphous Solid Dispersion Tablets Overcome Acalabrutinib pH Effect in Dogs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040557. [PMID: 33921109 PMCID: PMC8071435 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calquence® (crystalline acalabrutinib), a commercially marketed tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), exhibits significantly reduced oral exposure when taken with acid-reducing agents (ARAs) due to the low solubility of the weakly basic drug at elevated gastric pH. These drug-drug interactions (DDIs) negatively impact patient treatment and quality of life due to the strict dosing regimens required. In this study, reduced plasma drug exposure at high gastric pH was overcome using a spray-dried amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) comprising 50% acalabrutinib and 50% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS, H grade) formulated as an immediate-release (IR) tablet. ASD tablets achieved similar area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) at low and high gastric pH and outperformed Calquence capsules 2.4-fold at high gastric pH in beagle dogs. In vitro multicompartment dissolution testing conducted a priori to the in vivo study successfully predicted the improved formulation performance. In addition, ASD tablets were 60% smaller than Calquence capsules and demonstrated good laboratory-scale manufacturability, physical stability, and chemical stability. ASD dosage forms are attractive for improving patient compliance and the efficacy of acalabrutinib and other weakly basic drugs that have pH-dependent absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Mudie
- Global Research & Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA; (A.M.S.); (J.A.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.A.); (A.S.); (C.D.C.); (M.M.M.); (D.T.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aaron M. Stewart
- Global Research & Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA; (A.M.S.); (J.A.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.A.); (A.S.); (C.D.C.); (M.M.M.); (D.T.V.)
| | - Jesus A. Rosales
- Global Research & Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA; (A.M.S.); (J.A.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.A.); (A.S.); (C.D.C.); (M.M.M.); (D.T.V.)
- Pharmaceutics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nishant Biswas
- Global Research & Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA; (A.M.S.); (J.A.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.A.); (A.S.); (C.D.C.); (M.M.M.); (D.T.V.)
| | - Molly S. Adam
- Global Research & Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA; (A.M.S.); (J.A.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.A.); (A.S.); (C.D.C.); (M.M.M.); (D.T.V.)
| | - Adam Smith
- Global Research & Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA; (A.M.S.); (J.A.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.A.); (A.S.); (C.D.C.); (M.M.M.); (D.T.V.)
| | - Christopher D. Craig
- Global Research & Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA; (A.M.S.); (J.A.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.A.); (A.S.); (C.D.C.); (M.M.M.); (D.T.V.)
| | - Michael M. Morgen
- Global Research & Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA; (A.M.S.); (J.A.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.A.); (A.S.); (C.D.C.); (M.M.M.); (D.T.V.)
| | - David T. Vodak
- Global Research & Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA; (A.M.S.); (J.A.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.A.); (A.S.); (C.D.C.); (M.M.M.); (D.T.V.)
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Matsumura N, Ono A, Akiyama Y, Fujita T, Sugano K. Bottom-Up Physiologically Based Oral Absorption Modeling of Free Weak Base Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E844. [PMID: 32899235 PMCID: PMC7558956 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we systematically evaluated "bottom-up" physiologically based oral absorption modeling, focusing on free weak base drugs. The gastrointestinal unified theoretical framework (the GUT framework) was employed as a simple and transparent model. The oral absorption of poorly soluble free weak base drugs is affected by gastric pH. Alternation of bulk and solid surface pH by dissolving drug substances was considered in the model. Simple physicochemical properties such as pKa, the intrinsic solubility, and the bile micelle partition coefficient were used as input parameters. The fraction of a dose absorbed (Fa) in vivo was obtained by reanalyzing the pharmacokinetic data in the literature (15 drugs, a total of 85 Fa data). The AUC ratio with/without a gastric acid-reducing agent (AUCr) was collected from the literature (22 data). When gastric dissolution was neglected, Fa was underestimated (absolute average fold error (AAFE) = 1.85, average fold error (AFE) = 0.64). By considering gastric dissolution, predictability was improved (AAFE = 1.40, AFE = 1.04). AUCr was also appropriately predicted (AAFE = 1.54, AFE = 1.04). The Fa values of several drugs were slightly overestimated (less than 1.7-fold), probably due to neglecting particle growth in the small intestine. This modeling strategy will be of great importance for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Matsumura
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Asami Ono
- Laboratory for Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control, Pharmaceuticals Production & Technology Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan;
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
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Aungst BJ. The Effects of Dose Volume and Excipient Dose on Luminal Concentration and Oral Drug Absorption. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:99. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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