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Implication of Nanoparticles to Combat Chronic Liver andKidney Diseases: Progress and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101337. [PMID: 36291548 PMCID: PMC9599274 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver and kidney diseases are the most frequently encountered problems around the globe. Damage to the liver and kidney may occur as a result of exposure to various drugs, chemicals, toxins, and pathogens, leading to severe disease conditions such as cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatitis, acute kidney injury, and liver and renal failure. In this regard, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) has emerged as a rapidly developing field of study in terms of safe delivery of various medications to target organs with minimal side effects. Due to their physical characteristics, NPs have inherent pharmacological effects, and an accidental buildup can have a significant impact on the structure and function of the liver and kidney. By suppressing the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines iNOS and COX-2, NPs are known to possess anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, NPs have demonstrated their ability to operate as an antioxidant, squelching the generation of ROS caused by substances that cause oxidative stress. Finally, because of their pro-oxidant properties, they are also known to increase the level of ROS, which causes malignant liver and kidney cells to undergo apoptosis. As a result, NPs can be regarded as a double-edged sword whose inherent therapeutic benefits can be refined as we work to comprehend them in terms of their toxicity.
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Eftekhari A, Maleki Dizaj S, Ahmadian E, Przekora A, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Ardalan M, Zununi Vahed S, Valiyeva M, Mehraliyeva S, Khalilov R, Hasanzadeh M. Application of Advanced Nanomaterials for Kidney Failure Treatment and Regeneration. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112939. [PMID: 34072461 PMCID: PMC8198057 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of nanomedicine not only provides enhanced drug solubility and reduced off-target adverse effects, but also offers novel theranostic approaches in clinical practice. The increasing number of studies on the application of nanomaterials in kidney therapies has provided hope in a more efficient strategy for the treatment of renal diseases. The combination of biotechnology, material science and nanotechnology has rapidly gained momentum in the realm of therapeutic medicine. The establishment of the bedrock of this emerging field has been initiated and an exponential progress is observed which might significantly improve the quality of human life. In this context, several approaches based on nanomaterials have been applied in the treatment and regeneration of renal tissue. The presented review article in detail describes novel strategies for renal failure treatment with the use of various nanomaterials (including carbon nanotubes, nanofibrous membranes), mesenchymal stem cells-derived nanovesicles, and nanomaterial-based adsorbents and membranes that are used in wearable blood purification systems and synthetic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Eftekhari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh 7815155158, Iran;
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1/1, Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614756, Iran;
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614756, Iran; (S.M.H.K.); (S.Z.V.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (A.P.); (M.A.); (M.H.); Tel.: +48-81-448-7026 (A.P.)
| | - Agata Przekora
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (A.P.); (M.A.); (M.H.); Tel.: +48-81-448-7026 (A.P.)
| | | | - Mohammadreza Ardalan
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614756, Iran; (S.M.H.K.); (S.Z.V.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (A.P.); (M.A.); (M.H.); Tel.: +48-81-448-7026 (A.P.)
| | - Sepideh Zununi Vahed
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614756, Iran; (S.M.H.K.); (S.Z.V.)
| | - Mahbuba Valiyeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Management, Azerbaijan Medical University, AZ 1022 Baku, Azerbaijan; (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Sevil Mehraliyeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Management, Azerbaijan Medical University, AZ 1022 Baku, Azerbaijan; (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1/1, Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, AZ 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan
- Institute of Radiation Problems, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, AZ 1001 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614756, Iran
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (A.P.); (M.A.); (M.H.); Tel.: +48-81-448-7026 (A.P.)
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