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Düphans V, Kimmel V, Messing L, Schaldach G, Thommes M. Experimental and Numerical Characterization of Screw Elements Used in Twin-Screw Extrusion. Pharm Dev Technol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38979559 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2378323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion by a co-rotating twin screw extruder is an important process in the pharmaceutical industry. Especially for quality by design aspects, a comprehensive process understanding is indispensable. The performance of conveying elements was determined as critical process parameter, and therefore an experimental and numerical framework was developed to analyze and compare variations. A test rig capable of measuring volume flow, pressure and torque with high accuracy and precision was designed and built. The 3D simulation was performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A stationary model with impulse transmission and an apparent motion of the screws was applied. The experimental data were fitted to the model of Pawlowski, and parameters for the pressure (A1, A2) and power characteristics (B1, B2) were determined. Good agreement between experimental data and the model was observed. The simulation was significantly faster compared to common methods, and the results were consistent with the literature. Systematic investigations of a native and worn screw were performed with CFD resulting in a transport capacity increase and a pressure build up decrease for all tested screw elements. An experimental and simulation setup was generated to assess the performance of co-rotating twin screw elements. The experiments provided high-quality data, and the simulations exhibited high flexibility with low computational effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Düphans
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University
| | - Vincent Kimmel
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University
| | - Lukas Messing
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University
| | | | - Markus Thommes
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University
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2
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Zhang P, Li J, Ashour EA, Chung S, Wang H, Vemula SK, Repka MA. Development of multiple structured extended release tablets via hot melt extrusion and dual-nozzle fused deposition modeling 3D printing. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123905. [PMID: 38355075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to fabricate extended release (ER) tablets using a dual-nozzle fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing technology based on hot melt extrusion (HME), using caffeine as the model compound. Three different ER tablets were developed, which obtained "delayed-release", "rapid-sustained release", and "release-lag-release" properties. Each type of tablet was printed with two different formulations. A novel printing method was employed in this study, which is to push the HME filament from behind with polylactic acid (PLA) to prevent sample damage by gears during the printing process. Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that caffeine was predominately amorphous in the final tablets. The dissolution of 3D printed tablets was assessed using a USP-II dissolution apparatus. ER tablets containing PVA dissolved faster than those developed with Kollicoat IR. Overall, this study revealed that ER tablets were successfully manufactured through HME paired with dual-nozzle FDM 3D printing and demonstrated the power of 3D printing in developing multi-layer tablets with complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jinghan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sooyeon Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Honghe Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Ahmad S, Khan JA, Kausar TN, Mahnashi MH, Alasiri A, Alqahtani AA, Alqahtani TS, Walbi IA, Alshehri OM, Elnoubi OA, Mahmood F, Sadiq A. Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Flavonolignan Silymarin Effervescent Floating Matrix Tablets for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062606. [PMID: 36985575 PMCID: PMC10054735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The convenient and highly compliant route for the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients is the tablet. A versatile platform of tablets is available for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to prepare gastro retentive drug delivery floating tablets of silymarin to improve its oral bioavailability and solubility. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMCK4M and HPMCK15), Carbopol 934p and sodium bicarbonate were used as a matrix, floating enhancer and gas generating agent, respectively. The prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as hardness, weight variation, friability, floating properties (floating lag time, total floating time), drug content, stability study, in vitro drug release, in vivo floating behavior and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The drug–polymer interaction was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The floating lag time of the formulation was within the prescribed limit (<2 min). The formulation showed good matrix integrity and retarded the release of drug for >12 h. The dissolution can be described by zero-order kinetics (r2 = 0.979), with anomalous diffusion as the release mechanism (n = 0.65). An in vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that Cmax and AUC were increased by up to two times in comparison with the conventional dosage form. An in vivo imaging study showed that the tablet was present in the stomach for 12 h. It can be concluded from this study that the combined matrix system containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers min imized the burst release of the drug from the tablet and achieved a drug release by zero-order kinetics, which is practically difficult with only a hydrophilic matrix. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study elaborated that the bioavailability and solubility of silymarin were improved with an increased mean residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, KP, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, KP, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (J.A.K.); (M.H.M.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.A.K.); (M.H.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Alasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam A. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A. Walbi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman A. Elnoubi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, KP, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (J.A.K.); (M.H.M.); (A.S.)
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Salave S, Prayag K, Rana D, Amate P, Pardhe R, Jadhav A, Jindal AB, Benival D. Recent Progress in Hot Melt Extrusion Technology in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Design. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2022; 16:170-191. [PMID: 35986528 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666220819124605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) technique has shown tremendous potential in transforming highly hydrophobic crystalline drug substances into amorphous solids without using solvents. This review explores in detail the general considerations involved in the process of HME, its applications and advances. OBJECTIVE The present review examines the physicochemical properties of polymers pertinent to the HME process. Theoretical approaches for the screening of polymers are highlighted as a part of successful HME processed drug products. The critical quality attributes associated with the process of HME are also discussed in this review. HME plays a significant role in the dosage form design, and the same has been mentioned with suitable examples. The role of HME in developing several sustained release formulations, films, and implants is described along with the research carried out in a similar domain. METHODS The method includes the collection of data from different search engines like PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information regarding HME, its importance in pharmaceutical product development, and advanced applications. RESULTS HME is known to have advanced pharmaceutical applications in the domains related to 3D printing, nanotechnology, and PAT technology. HME-based technologies explored using Design-of- Experiments also lead to the systematic development of pharmaceutical formulations. CONCLUSION HME remains an adaptable and differentiated technique for overall formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Salave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kedar Prayag
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Prakash Amate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rupali Pardhe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ajinkya Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
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Haimhoffer Á, Fenyvesi F, Lekli I, Béresová M, Bak I, Czagány M, Vasvári G, Bácskay I, Tóth J, Budai I. Preparation of Acyclovir-Containing Solid Foam by Ultrasonic Batch Technology. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101571. [PMID: 34683864 PMCID: PMC8541121 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the application of solid foams has become widespread. Solid foams are not only used in the aerospace field but also in everyday life. Although foams are promising dosage forms in the pharmaceutical industry, their usage is not prevalent due to decreased stability of the solid foam structure. These special dosage forms can result in increased bioavailability of drugs. Low-density floating formulations can also increase the gastric residence time of drugs; therefore, drug release will be sustained. Our aim was to produce a stable floating formula by foaming. Matrix components, PEG 4000 and stearic acid type 50, were selected with the criteria of low gastric irritation, a melting range below 70 °C, and well-known use in oral drug formulations. This matrix was melted at 54 °C in order to produce a dispersion of active substance and was foamed by different gases at atmospheric pressure using an ultrasonic homogenizer. The density of the molded solid foam was studied by the pycnometer method, and its structure was investigated by SEM and micro-CT. The prolonged drug release and mucoadhesive properties were proved in a pH 1.2 buffer. According to our experiments, a stable foam could be produced by rapid homogenization (less than 1 min) without any surfactant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (F.F.); (G.V.); (I.B.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (F.F.); (G.V.); (I.B.)
| | - István Lekli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Mónika Béresová
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 94, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Bak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Máté Czagány
- Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (F.F.); (G.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.H.); (F.F.); (G.V.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Tóth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Budai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető Str. 2-4, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-202128618
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Haimhoffer Á, Vasvári G, Trencsényi G, Béresová M, Budai I, Czomba Z, Rusznyák Á, Váradi J, Bácskay I, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Vecsernyés M, Fenyvesi F. Process Optimization for the Continuous Production of a Gastroretentive Dosage Form Based on Melt Foaming. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:187. [PMID: 34155595 PMCID: PMC8217006 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several drugs have poor oral bioavailability due to low or incomplete absorption which is affected by various effects as pH, motility of GI, and enzyme activity. The gastroretentive drug delivery systems are able to deal with these problems by prolonging the gastric residence time, while increasing the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Previously, we developed a novel technology to foam hot and molten dispersions on atmospheric pressure by a batch-type in-house apparatus. Our aim was to upgrade this technology by a new continuous lab-scale apparatus and confirm that our formulations are gastroretentive. At first, we designed and built the apparatus and continuous production was optimized using a Box-Behnken experimental design. Then, we formulated barium sulfate-loaded samples with the optimal production parameters, which was suitable for in vivo imaging analysis. In vitro study proved the low density, namely 507 mg/cm3, and the microCT record showed high porosity with 40 μm average size of bubbles in the molten suspension. The BaSO4-loaded samples showed hard structure at room temperature and during the wetting test, the complete wetting was detected after 120 min. During the in vivo study, the X-ray taken showed the retention of the formulation in the rat stomach after 2 h. We can conclude that with our device low-density floating formulations were prepared with prolonged gastric residence time. This study provides a promising platform for marketed active ingredients with low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Haimhoffer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 94, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Monika Béresová
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 94, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - István Budai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető utca 2-4, Debrecen, H-4028, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Czomba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Rusznyák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
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Tran PHL, Lee BJ, Tran TTD. Recent studies on the processes and formulation impacts in the development of solid dispersions by hot-melt extrusion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 164:13-19. [PMID: 33887388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Industrial-scale pharmaceutical applications still face many challenges in overcoming the low absorption and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Hot-melt extrusion has emerged as a promising approach with continuous processing on an industrial scale for the preparation of drug delivery systems. Many reviews have mentioned the potential applications, processes, principles and advantages and disadvantages of hot-melt extrusion in the pharmaceutical industry. However, a focus on the recent progress of hot-melt extrusion, which investigates the impacts of processes and formulations of solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs, is missing. In this review, various factors, including polymers, drug properties, additives and surfactants, in solid dispersion SD formulations by hot-melt extrusion will be discussed. Moreover, the effects of the hot-melt extrusion process on the physicochemical properties of solid dispersions will be mentioned. The utilization of molecular interactions in hot-melt extrusion to improve drug stability will also be described. Overall, this summary of recent studies on solid dispersion by hot-melt extrusion will provide perspectives and effectiveness for the development of formulations containing poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H L Tran
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation, Geelong, Australia
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thao T D Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam; The Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
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Rahim SA, Cespi M, Bisharat L, Berardi A. A facile and sensitive video-analysis method for tracking floating lag-time and floating rate of gastro-retentive tablets. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Formulation development of itraconazole PEGylated nano-lipid carriers for pulmonary aspergillosis using hot-melt extrusion technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2021; 3:100074. [PMID: 33748741 PMCID: PMC7973123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is a promising alternative for the oral treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis. This study aimed to develop continuous and scalable itraconazole PEGylated nano-lipid carriers (ITZ-PEG-NLC) for inhalation delivery. The feasibility of preparing NLCs utilizing hot-melt extrusion (HME) coupled with probe sonication was investigated. The process parameters for HME and sonication were varied to optimize the formulation. ITZ-PEG-NLC (particle size, 101.20 ± 1.69 nm; polydispersity index, 0.26 ± 0.01) was successfully formulated. The drug entrapment efficiency of ITZ-PEG-NLC was 97.28 ± 0.50%. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the shape of the particles. The developed formulations were evaluated for their aerodynamic properties for pulmonary delivery. The lung deposition of ITZ-PEG-NLC was determined using an Anderson Cascade Impactor and Philips Respironics Sami the Seal Nebulizer Compressor. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed using A549 cells. A burst-release pattern was observed in ITZ-PEG-NLC with a drug release of 41.74 ± 1.49% in 60 min. The in vitro aerosolization of the ITZ-PEG-NLC formulation showed a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.51 ± 0.28 μm and a geometric standard deviation of 2.44 ± 0.49. These findings indicate that HME technology could be used for the production of continuous scalable ITZ-PEG-NLC.
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10
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Dhaval M, Sharma S, Dudhat K, Chavda J. Twin-Screw Extruder in Pharmaceutical Industry: History, Working Principle, Applications, and Marketed Products: an In-depth Review. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Vacuum Compression Molding as a Screening Tool to Investigate Carrier Suitability for Hot-Melt Extrusion Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111019. [PMID: 33114382 PMCID: PMC7693833 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is the most preferred and effective method for manufacturing amorphous solid dispersions at production scale, but it consumes large amounts of samples when used for formulation development. Herein, we show a novel approach to screen the polymers by overcoming the disadvantage of conventional HME screening by using a minimum quantity of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Vacuum Compression Molding (VCM) is a fusion-based method to form solid specimens starting from powders. This study aimed to investigate the processability of VCM for the creation of amorphous formulations and to compare its results with HME-processed formulations. Mixtures of indomethacin (IND) with drug carriers (Parteck® MXP, Soluplus®, Kollidon® VA 64, Eudragit® EPO) were processed using VCM and extrusion technology. Thermal characterization was performed using differential scanning calorimetry, and the solid-state was analyzed via X-ray powder diffraction. Dissolution studies in the simulated gastric fluid were performed to evaluate the drug release. Both technologies showed similar results proving the effectiveness of VCM as a screening tool for HME-based formulations.
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