1
|
Jamroży M, Kudłacik-Kramarczyk S, Drabczyk A, Krzan M. Advanced Drug Carriers: A Review of Selected Protein, Polysaccharide, and Lipid Drug Delivery Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:786. [PMID: 38255859 PMCID: PMC10815656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on bionanocomposite drug carriers are a key area in the field of active substance delivery, introducing innovative approaches to improve drug therapy. Such drug carriers play a crucial role in enhancing the bioavailability of active substances, affecting therapy efficiency and precision. The targeted delivery of drugs to the targeted sites of action and minimization of toxicity to the body is becoming possible through the use of these advanced carriers. Recent research has focused on bionanocomposite structures based on biopolymers, including lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. This review paper is focused on the description of lipid-containing nanocomposite carriers (including liposomes, lipid emulsions, lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers), polysaccharide-containing nanocomposite carriers (including alginate and cellulose), and protein-containing nanocomposite carriers (e.g., gelatin and albumin). It was demonstrated in many investigations that such carriers show the ability to load therapeutic substances efficiently and precisely control drug release. They also demonstrated desirable biocompatibility, which is a promising sign for their potential application in drug therapy. The development of bionanocomposite drug carriers indicates a novel approach to improving drug delivery processes, which has the potential to contribute to significant advances in the field of pharmacology, improving therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Jamroży
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 8 Niezapominajek Str., 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (S.K.-K.); (A.D.)
| | - Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (S.K.-K.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna Drabczyk
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (S.K.-K.); (A.D.)
| | - Marcel Krzan
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 8 Niezapominajek Str., 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kurhade PI, Kodape SM, Das A, Bansod PG. Synergistic action of sumatriptan delivery and targeting magnesium deficiency using green, pH-responsive MgO nanoparticles synthesized from mahua flower extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30648-9. [PMID: 37936045 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were green synthesized using mahua (Madhuca longifolia) flower extracts by solvent evaporation and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The drug loading of sumatriptan succinate (SS), an anti-migraine drug, was optimized using MINITAB's response surface methodology (RSM) Box Behnken model (BBD) model. The investigation of drug adsorption and release kinetics was further conducted using the optimized set obtained through RSM. The optimized parameters consisted of 23.53 mg of nanoparticles, a loading time of 6 h, and a pH of 9, yielding the experimental drug loading efficiency ~47%. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the potential of utilizing these green synthesized MgO nanoparticles for a dual purpose. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the viability of utilizing MgO nanoparticles synthesized through green route for the delivery of an anti-migraine medication. Additionally, the study aims to examine the degradation of these nanoparticles at physiological pH levels, with the intention of potentially enhancing cellular absorption. The investigation involved the assessment of drug release kinetics using various mathematical models, with a focus on the release of SS from MgO nanoparticles. This evaluation was conducted at different pH levels, specifically pH 5, 7, and 9. It has been found that the SS release increases as pH decreases, which is attributed to the dissolution of MgO nanoparticles, which therefore exhibits varied behavior at different pHs. The confirmation of the degradation of the green synthesized MgO nanoparticles was achieved through the execution of a degradation study, followed by the analysis of the obtained samples using FESEM and EDS. At neutral, the release data obtained adhered to the Higuchi model, which suggests that the release of the drug is based on diffusion. This finding is particularly advantageous for the controlled release of an anti-migraine drug. The results obtained from the study indicate that MgO nanoparticles have the potential to serve as a significant component in drug delivery systems, specifically as drug carriers. Attachment of SS over MgO nanoparticles to form SS loaded MgO nanoparticles and its possible working mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranali I Kurhade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Shyam M Kodape
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India.
| | - Arijit Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
López-Manzanara Pérez C, Torres-Pabón NS, Laguna A, Torrado G, de la Torre-Iglesias PM, Torrado-Santiago S, Torrado-Salmerón C. Development of Chitosan/Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Complexes to Improve the Simvastatin Release Rate: Polymer/Polymer and Drug/Polymer Interactions' Effects on Kinetic Models. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4184. [PMID: 37896428 PMCID: PMC10610795 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SIM) is a potent lipid-lowering drug used to control hyper-cholesterolemia and prevent cardiovascular diseases. SIM presents low oral bioavailability (5%) because of its low aqueous solubility. In this work, polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) are developed with different chitosan (CS) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ratios that will allow for an increase in the SIM dissolution rate (2.54-fold) in simulated intestinal medium (pH 4.5). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed highly porous structures. The changes between both complexes, PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:1:2) and (1:2:1), were related to the relaxation of the polymer chains upon absorption of the dissolution medium. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRPD) studies were used to evaluate the polymer/polymer and drug/polymer interactions on the different PEC-SIM:CS:CMC ratios. In addition, the PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:2:1) complex exhibited a high ratio of protonated amino groups (NH3+) and an increase in intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which were correlated with a high expansion of the interpolymer chains and an increase in the SIM dissolution rate. Different kinetic models such as zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas were studied to evaluate the influence of CS/CMC ionic interactions on the ability to improve the release rate of poorly soluble drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia López-Manzanara Pérez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.-M.P.); (A.L.); (P.M.d.l.T.-I.)
| | - Norma Sofía Torres-Pabón
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá de Henares, Ctra Madrid-Barcelona Km 33600, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.T.-P.); (G.T.)
| | - Almudena Laguna
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.-M.P.); (A.L.); (P.M.d.l.T.-I.)
| | - Guillermo Torrado
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá de Henares, Ctra Madrid-Barcelona Km 33600, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.T.-P.); (G.T.)
| | - Paloma M. de la Torre-Iglesias
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.-M.P.); (A.L.); (P.M.d.l.T.-I.)
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Torrado-Santiago
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.-M.P.); (A.L.); (P.M.d.l.T.-I.)
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Torrado-Salmerón
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.L.-M.P.); (A.L.); (P.M.d.l.T.-I.)
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Manan FAA, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Nurdin A. Central Composite Design for Optimization of Mitomycin C-Loaded Quantum Dots/Chitosan Nanoparticles as Drug Nanocarrier Vectors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010209. [PMID: 36678837 PMCID: PMC9862130 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases that leads to a high degree of mortality worldwide. Hence, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of drug nanocarrier vectors as a potential new cancer treatment option. The main goal of this treatment is to deliver an anticancer medicine successfully and effectively to the patient's cells using non-toxic nanocarriers. Here, we present a drug delivery system to emphasize the optimization of an anticancer drug-loaded formulation using Mitomycin C (MMC) encapsulated in chitosan nanocarrier conjugated with a bioimaging fluorescence probe of Mn:ZnS quantum dots (MMC@CS-Mn:ZnS). Additionally, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which uses a quadratic model to forecast the behaviour of the nano-drug delivery system, was used to assess the optimization of encapsulation efficiency. In this investigation, the core points of the Central Composite Design (CCD) model were used with 20 runs and 6 replications. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy at 362 nm. The highest EE% is 55.31 ± 3.09 under the optimum parameters of incubation time (105 min), concentration of MMC (0.875 mg/mL), and concentration of nanocarriers (5.0 mg/mL). Physicochemical characterizations for the nanocarriers were accessed using a nanosizer and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Three independent variables for the evaluation of the encapsulation efficiency were used, in which the incubation time, concentration of MMC, concentration of nanocarriers, and correlation for each variable were studied. Furthermore, the MMC drug release efficiency was carried out in four different solution pHs of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and pH 7.5, and the highest cumulative drug release of 81.44% was obtained in a pH 5.5 release medium, followed by cumulative releases of 68.55%, 50.91%, 41.57%, and 32.45% in release mediums with pH 6.0, pH 6.5, pH 7.0, and pH 7.5. Subsequently, five distinct mathematical models-pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Hixson-Crowell, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Higuchi kinetic models-were used to fit all of the drug release data. The Korsmeyers-Peppas model was found to fit it well, highlighting its importance for the log of cumulative drug release proportional to the log of time at the equilibrium state. The correlation coefficient value (R2) was obtained as 0.9527, 0.9735, 0.9670, 0.9754, and 0.9639 for the drug release in pH 5.5, pH 6.0, pH 6.5, pH 7.0, and pH 7.5, respectively. Overall, from the analysis, the as-synthesized MMC nanocarrier (MMC@CS-Mn:ZnS) synergistically elucidates the underlying efficient delivery of MMC and leverages the drug loading efficiency, and all these factors have the potential for the simultaneous curbing of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer reoccurrence and progression when applied to the real-time disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariza Aina Abd Manan
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (F.A.A.M.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (F.A.A.M.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Armania Nurdin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Novel Polymeric Nanomaterial Based on Poly(Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-Methacryloylamidophenylalanine) for Hypertension Treatment: Properties and Drug Release Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225038. [PMID: 36433166 PMCID: PMC9693067 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel polymeric nanomaterial was synthesized and characterized, and it its potential usability in hypertension treatment was demonstrated. For these purposes, a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methacryloylamidophenylalanine)-based polymeric nanomaterial (p(HEMPA)) was synthesized using a mini-emulsion polymerization technique. The nanomaterials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta size analysis. The synthesized p(HEMPA) nanomaterial had a diameter of about 113 nm. Amlodipine-binding studies were optimized by changing the reaction conditions. Under optimum conditions, amlodipine's maximum adsorption value (Qmax) of the p(HEMPA) nanopolymer was found to be 145.8 mg/g. In vitro controlled drug release rates of amlodipine, bound to the nanopolymer at the optimum conditions, were studied with the dialysis method in a simulated gastrointestinal system with pH values of 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4. It was found that 99.5% of amlodipine loaded on the nanomaterial was released at pH 7.4 and 72 h. Even after 72 h, no difference was observed in the release of AML. It can be said that the synthesized nanomaterial is suitable for oral amlodipine release. In conclusion, the synthesized nanomaterial was studied for the first time in the literature as a drug delivery system for use in the treatment of hypertension. In addition, AML-p(HEMPA) nanomaterials may enable less frequent drug uptake, have higher bioavailability, and allow for prolonged release with minimal side effects.
Collapse
|
6
|
Introducing a new pharmaceutical agent: facile synthesis of CuFe12O19@HAp-APTES magnetic nanocomposites and its cytotoxic effect on HEK-293 cell as an efficient in vitro drug delivery system for atenolol. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
7
|
Efficient removal of Rose Bengal and Malachite Green dyes using Green and sustainable Chitosan/CMC/Bentonite-based hydrogel materials. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
In vitro‐studies of adenosine‐ β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complexes loaded into chitosan, sodium alginate and bentonite‐based nanocomposite optimized by RSM as a sustained release system. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Thermal stability and optimization of graphene oxide incorporated chitosan and sodium alginate based nanocomposite containing inclusion complexes of paracetamol and β-cyclodextrin for prolonged drug delivery systems. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Hu Q, Fu X, Su Y, Wang Y, Gao S, Wang X, Xu Y, Yu C. Enhanced oral bioavailability of koumine by complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: preparation, optimization, ex vivo and in vivo characterization. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2415-2426. [PMID: 34763595 PMCID: PMC8592623 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1998248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Koumine (KME) is an active alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans, and its diverse bioactivities have been studied for decades. However, KME exhibits poor solubility and low oral bioavailability, which hampers its potential therapeutic exploitation. This work aimed to develop optimized inclusion complexes to improve the bioavailability of KME. The KME/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (KME/HP-β-CD) inclusion complexes were prepared by the solvent evaporation method and later optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The optimal KME/HP-β-CD was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The physicochemical characterization results revealed that the crystalline state of KME was transformed into an amorphous form, forming KME/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes. Compared with KME, the solubility and in vitro release rate of KME/HP-β-CD was significantly enhanced by 52.34- and 1.3-fold, respectively. Further research was performed to investigate the intestinal absorption characteristics and in vivo bioavailability in rats. The optimal KME/HP-β-CD showed enhanced absorptive permeability and relative bioavailability increased more than two-fold compared to that of raw KME. These results indicate that the optimal KME/HP-β-CD can be used as an effective drug carrier to improve the solubility, intestinal absorption, and bioavailability of KME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Su
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sihuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changxi Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khushbu, Jindal R. Comparative Evaluation for Controlled Release of Amoxicillin from RSM-CCD-Optimized Nanocomposites Based on Sodium Alginate and Chitosan-Containing Inclusion Complexes. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3795-3810. [PMID: 34482691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amoxicillin (AMX) is a semisynthetic antibiotic, an analogue of ampicillin, with a wide spectrum of bacterial activity against many microorganisms but possesses some limits. To increase the drug effectiveness, supramolecule nanocomposites composed of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and chitosan/sodium alginate/GO were chosen in the present study as a sustained release formulation. Nanocomposites of chitosan (CH), sodium alginate (ALG), and graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized at 50 °C. The inclusion complexes (ICs) were processed via the physical mixture (PM), kneading (KM), microwave (MW) method, or coprecipitation (CP) and directly loaded into the nanocomposite. To confirm the formation of true ICs, the ICs were analyzed by DSC, SEM, 1H NMR, 2D NMR ROESY, and XRD. A drug release study was performed to find out which method is best for the controlled release of drugs in different environments of pH 2, 7, and 7.4 at 37 °C. From the observed drug release data, it was found that PM and KM showed a burst release of drugs and the microwave method was the most suitable method to prepare exact ICs of AMX and β-CD for sustained release of drugs. Kinetics of drug release was analyzed by various kinetic models, and it was observed that the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Peppas-Sahlin models were best fit for drug release in all cases. A Phase solubility study was carried out to find the stoichiometry of IC formation and the complexation constant. The drug release was controlled and pH-dependent, confirming that nanocomposites are pH-sensitive. From drug release analysis, it was acknowledged that β-CD is capable of causing sustained drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu
- Polymer and Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev Jindal
- Polymer and Nanomaterial Lab, Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|