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Ramachandran S, Prakash P, Mohtar N, Kumar KS, Parumasivam T. Review of inhalable nanoparticles for the pulmonary delivery of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:978-991. [PMID: 37937865 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2279691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by the pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which predominantly affects the lungs. World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that about 85% of TB patients are cured with the existing 6-month antibiotic regimen. However, the lengthy oral administration of high-dose anti-TB drugs is associated with significant side effects and leads to drug resistance cases. Alternatively, reformulating existing anti-tubercular drugs into inhalable nanoparticulate systems is a promising strategy to overcome the challenges associated with oral treatment as they could enhance drug retention in the pulmonary region to achieve an optimal drug concentration in the infected lungs. Hence, this review provides an overview of the literature on inhalable nano-formulations for the delivery of anti-TB drugs, including their formulation techniques and preclinical evaluations between the years 2000 and 2020, gathered from electronic journals via online search engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies highlighted that the nano-size, low toxicity, and high efficacy were among the factors influencing the fate of nanoparticulate system upon deposition in the lungs. Although many preclinical studies have shown that inhalable nanoparticles increased therapeutic efficacy and minimised adverse drug reactions when delivered through the pulmonary route, none of them has progressed into clinical trials to date. This could be attributed to the high cost of inhaled regimes due to the expensive production and characterisation of the nanoparticles as well as the need for an inhalation device as compared to the oral treatment. Another barrier could be the lack of medical acceptance due to insufficient number of trained staff to educate the patients on the correct usage of the inhalation device. Hence, these barriers should be addressed satisfactorily to make the inhaled nanoparticles regimen a reality for the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Ramachandran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Priyanka Prakash
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Noratiqah Mohtar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - K Sudesh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Thaigarajan Parumasivam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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2
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Sanhueza C, Vergara D, Chávez-Aravena C, Gálvez-Jiron F, Chavez-Angel E, Castro-Alvarez A. Functionalizing Dendrimers for Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Molecules to Macrophages: A Potential Treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection-A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1428. [PMID: 37895899 PMCID: PMC10609949 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that replicates inside human alveolar macrophages. This disease causes significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization 1.4 million people died of this disease in 2021. This indicates that despite the progress of modern medicine, improvements in diagnostics, and the development of drug susceptibility tests, TB remains a global threat to public health. In this sense, host-directed therapy may provide a new approach to the cure of TB, and the expression of miRNAs has been correlated with a change in the concentration of various inflammatory mediators whose concentrations are responsible for the pathophysiology of M. tuberculosis infection. Thus, the administration of miRNAs may help to modulate the immune response of organisms. However, direct administration of miRNAs, without adequate encapsulation, exposes nucleic acids to the activity of cytosolic nucleases, limiting their application. Dendrimers are a family of highly branched molecules with a well-defined architecture and a branched conformation which gives rise to cavities that facilitate physical immobilization, and functional groups that allow chemical interaction with molecules of interest. Additionally, dendrimers can be easily functionalized to target different cells, macrophages among them. In this sense, various studies have proposed the use of different cell receptors as target molecules to aim dendrimers at macrophages and thus release drugs or nucleic acids in the cell of interest. Based on the considerations, the primary objective of this review is to comprehensively explore the potential of functionalized dendrimers as delivery vectors for miRNAs and other therapeutic agents into macrophages. This work aims to provide insights into the use of functionalized dendrimers as an innovative approach for TB treatment, focusing on their ability to target and deliver therapeutic cargo to macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sanhueza
- Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniela Vergara
- Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Catalina Chávez-Aravena
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Felipe Gálvez-Jiron
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Emigdio Chavez-Angel
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Castro-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Kumar M, Virmani T, Kumar G, Deshmukh R, Sharma A, Duarte S, Brandão P, Fonte P. Nanocarriers in Tuberculosis Treatment: Challenges and Delivery Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1360. [PMID: 37895831 PMCID: PMC10609727 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization identifies tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as a leading infectious killer. Although conventional treatments for TB exist, they come with challenges such as a heavy pill regimen, prolonged treatment duration, and a strict schedule, leading to multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. The rise of MDR strains endangers future TB control. Despite these concerns, the hunt for an efficient treatment continues. One breakthrough has been the use of nanotechnology in medicines, presenting a novel approach for TB treatment. Nanocarriers, such as lipid nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, and polymeric micelles, facilitate targeted delivery of anti-TB drugs. The benefits of nanocarriers include reduced drug doses, fewer side effects, improved drug solubility, better bioavailability, and improved patient compliance, speeding up recovery. Additionally, nanocarriers can be made even more targeted by linking them with ligands such as mannose or hyaluronic acid. This review explores these innovative TB treatments, including studies on nanocarriers containing anti-TB drugs and related patents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (M.K.); (G.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (M.K.); (G.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (M.K.); (G.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Modern Vidya Niketan University, Palwal 121105, India; (M.K.); (G.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Sofia Duarte
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.D.); (P.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bio-Economy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Brandão
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.D.); (P.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bio-Economy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.D.); (P.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bio-Economy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Ma M, Zeng H, Yang P, Xu J, Zhang X, He W. Drug Delivery and Therapy Strategies for Osteoporosis Intervention. Molecules 2023; 28:6652. [PMID: 37764428 PMCID: PMC10534890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of the aging society, osteoporosis (OP) risk increases yearly. Currently, the clinical usage of anti-OP drugs is challenged by recurrent side effects and poor patient compliance, regardless of oral, intravenous, or subcutaneous administration. Properly using a drug delivery system or formulation strategy can achieve targeted drug delivery to the bone, diminish side effects, improve bioavailability, and prolong the in vivo residence time, thus effectively curing osteoporosis. This review expounds on the pathogenesis of OP and the clinical medicaments used for OP intervention, proposes the design approach for anti-OP drug delivery, emphatically discusses emerging novel anti-OP drug delivery systems, and enumerates anti-OP preparations under clinical investigation. Our findings may contribute to engineering anti-OP drug delivery and OP-targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (M.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huiling Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (M.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Pei Yang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;
| | - Jiabing Xu
- Taizhou Institute for Drug Control, Taizhou 225316, China;
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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5
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Jeevanandam J, Tan KX, Rodrigues J, Danquah MK. Target-Specific Delivery and Bioavailability of Pharmaceuticals via Janus and Dendrimer Particles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1614. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized Janus and dendrimer particles have emerged as promising nanocarriers for the target-specific delivery and improved bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. Janus particles, with two distinct regions exhibiting different physical and chemical properties, provide a unique platform for the simultaneous delivery of multiple drugs or tissue-specific targeting. Conversely, dendrimers are branched, nanoscale polymers with well-defined surface functionalities that can be designed for improved drug targeting and release. Both Janus particles and dendrimers have demonstrated their potential to improve the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, increase the intracellular uptake of drugs, and reduce their toxicity by controlling the release rate. The surface functionalities of these nanocarriers can be tailored to specific targets, such as overexpressed receptors on cancer cells, leading to enhanced drug efficacy The design of these nanocarriers can be optimized by tuning the size, shape, and surface functionalities, among other parameters. The incorporation of Janus and dendrimer particles into composite materials to create hybrid systems for enhancing drug delivery, leveraging the unique properties and functionalities of both materials, can offer promising outcomes. Nanosized Janus and dendrimer particles hold great promise for the delivery and improved bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. Further research is required to optimize these nanocarriers and bring them to the clinical setting to treat various diseases. This article discusses various nanosized Janus and dendrimer particles for target-specific delivery and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. In addition, the development of Janus-dendrimer hybrid nanoparticles to address some limitations of standalone nanosized Janus and dendrimer particles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Kei Xian Tan
- GenScript Biotech (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., 164, Kallang Way, Solaris@Kallang 164, Singapore 349248, Singapore
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Michael K. Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403-2598, USA
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6
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Jeevanandam J, Tan KX, Rodrigues J, Danquah MK. Target-Specific Delivery and Bioavailability of Pharmaceuticals via Janus and Dendrimer Particles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1614. [PMID: 37376062 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized Janus and dendrimer particles have emerged as promising nanocarriers for the target-specific delivery and improved bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. Janus particles, with two distinct regions exhibiting different physical and chemical properties, provide a unique platform for the simultaneous delivery of multiple drugs or tissue-specific targeting. Conversely, dendrimers are branched, nanoscale polymers with well-defined surface functionalities that can be designed for improved drug targeting and release. Both Janus particles and dendrimers have demonstrated their potential to improve the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, increase the intracellular uptake of drugs, and reduce their toxicity by controlling the release rate. The surface functionalities of these nanocarriers can be tailored to specific targets, such as overexpressed receptors on cancer cells, leading to enhanced drug efficacy The design of these nanocarriers can be optimized by tuning the size, shape, and surface functionalities, among other parameters. The incorporation of Janus and dendrimer particles into composite materials to create hybrid systems for enhancing drug delivery, leveraging the unique properties and functionalities of both materials, can offer promising outcomes. Nanosized Janus and dendrimer particles hold great promise for the delivery and improved bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. Further research is required to optimize these nanocarriers and bring them to the clinical setting to treat various diseases. This article discusses various nanosized Janus and dendrimer particles for target-specific delivery and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. In addition, the development of Janus-dendrimer hybrid nanoparticles to address some limitations of standalone nanosized Janus and dendrimer particles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Kei Xian Tan
- GenScript Biotech (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., 164, Kallang Way, Solaris@Kallang 164, Singapore 349248, Singapore
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403-2598, USA
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Chopra H, Mohanta YK, Rauta PR, Ahmed R, Mahanta S, Mishra PK, Panda P, Rabaan AA, Alshehri AA, Othman B, Alshahrani MA, Alqahtani AS, AL Basha BA, Dhama K. An Insight into Advances in Developing Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics, Drug Delivery, Diagnostics and Vaccines: Multidimensional Applications in Tuberculosis Disease Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:581. [PMID: 37111338 PMCID: PMC10145450 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest contagious diseases, is a major concern worldwide. Long-term treatment, a high pill burden, limited compliance, and strict administration schedules are all variables that contribute to the development of MDR and XDR tuberculosis patients. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains and a scarcity of anti-TB medications pose a threat to TB control in the future. As a result, a strong and effective system is required to overcome technological limitations and improve the efficacy of therapeutic medications, which is still a huge problem for pharmacological technology. Nanotechnology offers an interesting opportunity for accurate identification of mycobacterial strains and improved medication treatment possibilities for tuberculosis. Nano medicine in tuberculosis is an emerging research field that provides the possibility of efficient medication delivery using nanoparticles and a decrease in drug dosages and adverse effects to boost patient compliance with therapy and recovery. Due to their fascinating characteristics, this strategy is useful in overcoming the abnormalities associated with traditional therapy and leads to some optimization of the therapeutic impact. It also decreases the dosing frequency and eliminates the problem of low compliance. To develop modern diagnosis techniques, upgraded treatment, and possible prevention of tuberculosis, the nanoparticle-based tests have demonstrated considerable advances. The literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier databases only. This article examines the possibility of employing nanotechnology for TB diagnosis, nanotechnology-based medicine delivery systems, and prevention for the successful elimination of TB illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Nanobiotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - Ramzan Ahmed
- Nanobiotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre, Guwahati 781008, Assam, India
| | | | - Paramjot Panda
- School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar 754001, Odisha, India
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Othman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baneen Ali AL Basha
- Laboratory Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Menon PM, Chandrasekaran N, C GPD, Shanmugam S. Multi-drug loaded eugenol-based nanoemulsions for enhanced anti-mycobacterial activity. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:433-443. [PMID: 36970149 PMCID: PMC10034140 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the oldest bacterial infections known to mankind caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of this research is to optimize and formulate a multi-drug loaded eugenol based nanoemulsion system and to evaluate its ability as an antimycobacterial agent and its potential to be a low cost and effective drug delivery system. All the three eugenol based drug loaded nano-emulsion systems were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM)-central composite design (CCD) and were found stable at a ratio of 1 : 5 (oil : surfactant) when ultrasonicated for 8 minutes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis highly proved that these essential oil-based nano-emulsions showed more promising results and an even improved anti-mycobacterium activity on the addition of a combination of drugs. The absorbance of 1st line anti-tubercular drugs from release kinetics studies showed a controlled and sustained release in body fluids. Thus, we can conclude that this is a much more efficient and desirable method in treating infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and even its MDR/XDR strains. All these nano-emulsion systems were stable for more than 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Mohan Menon
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India +91 416 2243092 +91 416 2202879
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Sivakumar Shanmugam
- Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis Chennai India
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Kia P, Ruman U, Pratiwi AR, Hussein MZ. Innovative Therapeutic Approaches Based on Nanotechnology for the Treatment and Management of Tuberculosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1159-1191. [PMID: 36919095 PMCID: PMC10008450 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s364634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), derived from bacterium named Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has become one of the worst infectious and contagious illnesses in the world after HIV/AIDS. Long-term therapy, a high pill burden, lack of compliance, and strict management regimens are disadvantages which resulted in the extensively drug-resistant (XDR) along with multidrug-resistant (MDR) in the treatment of TB. One of the main thrust areas for the current scenario is the development of innovative intervention tools for early diagnosis and therapeutics towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This review discusses various nanotherapeutic agents that have been developed for MTB diagnostics, anti-TB drugs and vaccine. Undoubtedly, the concept of employing nanoparticles (NPs) has strong potential in this therapy and offers impressive outcomes to conquer the disease. Nanocarriers with different types were designed for drug delivery applications via various administration methods. Controlling and maintaining the drug release might be an example of the benefits of utilizing a drug-loaded NP in TB therapy over conventional drug therapy. Furthermore, the drug-encapsulated NP is able to lessen dosage regimen and can resolve the problems of insufficient compliance. Over the past decade, NPs were developed in both diagnostic and therapeutic methods, while on the other hand, the therapeutic system has increased. These "theranostic" NPs were designed for nuclear imaging, optical imaging, ultrasound, imaging with magnetic resonance and the computed tomography, which includes both single-photon computed tomography and positron emission tomography. More specifically, the current manuscript focuses on the status of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Kia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Umme Ruman
- Nanomaterials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (NSCL), Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ariyati Retno Pratiwi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Nanomaterials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (NSCL), Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Montmorillonite-Rifampicin Nanohybrid for pH-Responsive Release of the Tuberculostatic. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020512. [PMID: 36839834 PMCID: PMC9966939 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the development of a hybrid and pH-responsive system for rifampicin using the clay mineral 'montmorillonite' as a nanocarrier. The influence of operational variables on the drug incorporation process was evaluated using 24 factorial designs. Under optimized conditions, the experiment allowed an incorporated drug dose equivalent to 98.60 ± 1.21 mg/g. Hybrid systems were characterized by different characterization techniques (FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM) to elucidate the mechanism of interaction between the compounds used. Through in vitro release studies, it was possible to verify the efficacy of the pH-dependent system obtained, with approximately 70% of the drug released after sixteen hours in simulated intestinal fluid. The adjustment of the experimental release data to the theoretical model of Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas indicated that the release of rifampicin occurs in a prolonged form from montmorillonite. Elucidation of the interactions between the drug and this raw clay reinforces its viability as a novel carrier to develop an anti-TB/clay hybrid system with good physical and chemical stability.
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Chen M, Shou Z, Jin X, Chen Y. Emerging strategies in nanotechnology to treat respiratory tract infections: realizing current trends for future clinical perspectives. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2442-2458. [PMID: 35892224 PMCID: PMC9341380 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2089294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A boom in respiratory tract infection cases has inflicted a socio-economic burden on the healthcare system worldwide, especially in developing countries. Limited alternative therapeutic options have posed a major threat to human health. Nanotechnology has brought an immense breakthrough in the pharmaceutical industry in a jiffy. The vast applications of nanotechnology ranging from early diagnosis to treatment strategies are employed for respiratory tract infections. The research avenues explored a multitude of nanosystems for effective drug delivery to the target site and combating the issues laid through multidrug resistance and protective niches of the bacteria. In this review a brief introduction to respiratory diseases and multifaceted barriers imposed by bacterial infections are enlightened. The manuscript reviewed different nanosystems, i.e. liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanogels, and metallic (gold and silver) which enhanced bactericidal effects, prevented biofilm formation, improved mucus penetration, and site-specific delivery. Moreover, most of the nanotechnology-based recent research is in a preclinical and clinical experimental stage and safety assessment is still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Chen
- Emergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangxuan Shou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Tiantai County, Taizhou, China
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Zhou L, Kodidela S, Godse S, Thomas-Gooch S, Kumar A, Raji B, Zhi K, Kochat H, Kumar S. Targeted Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System Using Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030358. [PMID: 35337155 PMCID: PMC8950604 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and protects the brain from toxic substances present in the circulating blood. However, the impermeability of the BBB to drugs is a hurdle for CNS drug development, which hinders the distribution of the most therapeutic molecules into the brain. Therefore, scientists have been striving to develop safe and effective technologies to advance drug penetration into the CNS with higher targeting properties and lower off-targeting side effects. This review will discuss the limitation of artificial nanomedicine in CNS drug delivery and the use of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs), as therapeutic vehicles to achieve targeted delivery to the CNS. Information on clinical trials regarding CNS targeted drug delivery using EVs is very limited. Thus, this review will also briefly highlight the recent clinical studies on targeted drug delivery in the peripheral nervous system to shed light on potential strategies for CNS drug delivery. Different technologies engaged in pre- and post-isolation have been implemented to further utilize and optimize the natural property of EVs. EVs from various sources have also been applied in the engineering of EVs for CNS targeted drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. Here, the future feasibility of those studies in clinic will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sandip Godse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Stacey Thomas-Gooch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Asit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
| | - Babatunde Raji
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Kaining Zhi
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Harry Kochat
- Plough Center for Sterile Drug Delivery Solutions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 208 South Dudley Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (B.R.); (K.Z.); (H.K.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (L.Z.); (S.G.); (S.T.-G.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (S.K.)
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Yilmaz B, Ozay O. Synthesis of antibiotic-modified silica nanoparticles and their use as a controlled drug release system with antibacterial properties. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2049267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering and Materials Engineering, School of Graduate Studies, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozay
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen BP, Nguyen DTD, Nguyen NH, Nguyen DH, Nguyen CK. Retrovirus Drugs-Loaded PEGylated PAMAM for Prolonging Drug Release and Enhancing Efficiency in HIV Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:114. [PMID: 35012136 PMCID: PMC8747428 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) with its unique characteristics emerges as a potential drug delivery system which can prolong releasing time, reduce the side effects but still retaining treatment efficiency. In this study, methoxy polyethylene glycol modified PAMAM generation 3.0 (G3.0@mPEG) is prepared and characterized via 1H-NMR, FT-IR, and TEM. Subsequently, two antiretroviral agents (ARV) including lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT) are individually encapsulated into G3.0@mPEG. The drug-loading efficiency, drug release profile, cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activity are then evaluated. The results illustrate that G3.0@mPEG particles are spherical with a size of 34.5 ± 0.2 nm and a drug loading content of about 9%. Both G3.0@mPEG and ARV@G3.0@mPEG show no cytotoxicity on BJ cells, and G3.0@mPEG loading 3TC and AZT performs sustained drug release behavior which is best fitted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Finally, the anti-HIV activity of ARV via Enzymatic Assay of Pepsin is retained after being loaded into the G3.0@mPEG, in which about 36% of pepsin activity was inhibited by AZT at the concentration of 0.226 mM. Overall, PAMAM G3.0@mPEG is a promising nanocarrier system for loading ARV in HIV treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Institute of Drug Quality Control, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam;
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (N.H.N.); (D.H.N.)
| | - Bao Phu Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam;
| | - Dinh Tien Dung Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Natural Science, Duy Tan University, Danang City 550000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Hoi Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (N.H.N.); (D.H.N.)
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Dai Hai Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (N.H.N.); (D.H.N.)
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Cuu Khoa Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam; (N.H.N.); (D.H.N.)
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
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Rajput A, Mandlik S, Pokharkar V. Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for the Efficient Delivery of Anti-Tubercular Drugs and Vaccines for Management of Tuberculosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749945. [PMID: 34992530 PMCID: PMC8724553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant species of tuberculosis (TB), which spread faster than traditiona TB, is a severely infectious disease. The conventional drug therapy used in the management of tuberculosis has several challenges linked with adverse effects. Hence, nanotherapeutics served as an emerging technique to overcome problems associated with current treatment. Nanotherapeutics helps to overcome toxicity and poor solubility issues of several drugs used in the management of tuberculosis. Due to their diameter and surface chemistry, nanocarriers encapsulated with antimicrobial drugs are readily taken up by macrophages. Macrophages play a crucial role as they serve as target sites for active and passive targeting for nanocarriers. The surface of the nanocarriers is coated with ligand-specific receptors, which further enhances drug concentration locally and indicates the therapeutic potential of nanocarriers. This review highlights tuberculosis's current facts, figures, challenges associated with conventional treatment, different nanocarrier-based systems, and its application in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Varsha Pokharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
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