Enhanced permeability and oral absorption of Panax notoginseng saponins by borneol

Phase Inversion-Based Doxycycline Hyclate-Incorporated Borneol In Situ Gel for Periodontitis Treatment

Borneol has been successfully employed as a gelling agent for in situ forming gel (ISG). While 40% borneol can regulate drug release, there is interest in novel approaches to achieve extended drug release, particularly through the incorporation of hydrophobic substances. Herein, triacetin was selected as a hydrophobic additive solvent for doxycycline hyclate (Dox)-loaded 40% borneol-based ISGs in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which were subsequently evaluated in terms of their physicochemical properties, gel formation morphology, water sensitivity, drug release, and antimicrobial activities. ISG density and viscosity gradually decreased with the triacetin proportion to a viscosity of <12 cPs and slightly influenced the surface tension (33.14-44.33 mN/m). The low expelled force values (1.59-2.39 N) indicated the convenience of injection. All of the prepared ISGs exhibited favorable wettability and plastic deformation. Higher gel firmness from ISG prepared using NMP as a solvent contributed to the ability of more efficient controlled drug release. High triacetin (25%)-loaded ISG retarded solvent diffusion and gel formation, but diminished gel firmness and water sensitivity. ISG containing 5% triacetin efficiently prolonged Dox release up to 10 days with Fickian diffusion and presented effective antimicrobial activities against periodontitis pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Therefore, the Dox-loaded 40% borneol-based ISG with 5% triacetin is a potential effective local ISG for periodontitis treatment.

Core-shell alum-borneol fiber for high bioavailability

Currently, the treatment of burns poses a significant challenge to clinical surgical. The use of nanofibers combined with drugs provides an entirely new option for treating burns. Alum-borneol combination has been shown as a promising alternative in clinical burn treatment. However, the utilization of the alum-borneol combination is not optimistic due to the low solubility of borneol. In this study, alum-borneol incorporated polyvinyl pyrrolidone fibers with a core-shell structure were fabricated through coaxial electrospinning. In vitro Borneol release behavior of fibers with different ratios of alum to borneol was explored. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, in vitro drug release, and in vitro release mechanism were evaluated. The results showed that the fiber membranes maintained an integrated morphology. In vitro dissolution data showed an improved solubility of borneol, which reached more than 82% at 240 min in alum-borneol fibers. It was 4.8 times higher than borneol powder, and the ratio of alum to borneol was 2:1 for the best results. Therefore, alum-borneol incorporated polyvinyl pyrrolidone fibers can significantly improve the dissolution rate of borneol, which opens up a new way for the combined application of the alum and borneol.