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Analuiza O, Paredes B, Lascano A, Bonilla S, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Development and Characterization of a Hand Rub Gel Produced with Artisan Alcohol ( Puntas), Silver Nanoparticles, and Saponins from Quinoa. Gels 2024; 10:234. [PMID: 38667653 PMCID: PMC11048961 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the global pandemic (COVID-19) has directed global attention towards the importance of hygiene as the primary defense against various infections. In this sense, one of the frequent recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) is regular hand washing and the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Ethanol is the most widely used alcohol due to its effectiveness in eliminating pathogens, ease of use, and widespread production. However, artisanal alcohol, generally used as a spirit drink, could be a viable alternative for developing sanitizing gels. In this study, the use of alcohol "Puntas", silver nanoparticles, and saponins from quinoa was evaluated to produce hand sanitizer gels. The rheological, physicochemical, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. In the previous assays, the formulations were adjusted to be similar in visual viscosity to the control gel. A clear decrease in the apparent viscosity was observed with increasing shear rate, and an inversely proportional relationship was observed with the amount of ethyl alcohol used in the formulations. The flow behavior index (n) values reflected a pseudoplastic behavior. Oscillatory dynamic tests were performed to analyze the viscoelastic behavior of gels. A decrease in storage modulus (G') and an increase in loss modulus (G″) as a function of the angular velocity (ω) was observed. The evaluation of pH showed that the gels complied with the requirements to be in contact with the skin of the people, and the textural parameters showed that the control gel was the hardest. The use of artisan alcohol could be an excellent alternative to produce sanitizer gel and contribute to the requirements of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Analuiza
- International School of Doctorate (EIDUNED), National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato 180104, Ecuador; (B.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Belen Paredes
- Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato 180104, Ecuador; (B.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Alejandra Lascano
- Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato 180104, Ecuador; (B.P.); (A.L.)
| | | | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- International School of Doctorate (EIDUNED), National University of Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Talluri VP, Mutaliyeva B, Sharipova A, Ulaganathan V, Lanka SS, Aidarova S, Suigenbayeva A, Tleuova A. L-Asparaginase delivery systems targeted to minimize its side-effects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 316:102915. [PMID: 37159987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASP) is one of the key enzymes used in therapeutic applications, particularly to treat Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL). L-asparagine is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it can be synthesized by the body and is not required to be obtained through the diet. The synthesis of L-asparagine occurs primarily in the liver, but it also takes place in other tissues throughout the body. In contrast, leukemic cells cannot synthesize L-asparagine due the absence of L-asparagine synthetase and should obtain it from circulating sources for protein synthesis and cell division processes to ensure their vital functions. L-ASP catalyzes the deamination process of L-asparagine amino-acid into aspartic acid and ammonia, depriving leukemic cells of asparagine. This leads to decreased protein synthesis and cell division in tumor cells. However, using L-ASP has side effects, such as hypersensitivity or allergic reaction, antigenicity, short half-life, temporary blood clearance, and toxicity. L-ASP immobilization can minimize the side effects of L-ASP by stopping the immune system from attacking non-human enzymes and improving the enzyme's performance. The first strategy includes modification of enzyme structure, such as covalent binding (conjugation), adsorption to the support material and cross-linking of the enzyme. The chemical modification of residues, often nonspecific, changes the enzyme's hydrophobicity and surface charge, lowering the enzyme's activity. Also, the first strategy exposes the enzyme's surface to the environment. This eliminates its performance and does not allow targeted delivery of the enzyme. The second strategy is based on the entrapment of the enzyme inside the protecting structure or encapsulation. This strategy offers the same benefits as the first. Still, it also enables reducing toxicity, prolonging in vivo half-life, enhancing stability and activity, enables a targeted delivery and controlled release of the enzyme. Compared to the first strategy, encapsulation does not modify the chemical structure of the enzyme since L-ASP is only effective against leukemia in its native tetrameric form. This review aims to present state of the art in L-ASP formulations developed for reducing the side effects of L-ASP, focusing on describing improvements in their safety. The primary focus in the field remains to be improving the overall performance of the L-ASP formulations. Almost all encapsulation systems allow reducing immune response due to screening the enzyme from antibodies and prolonging its half-life. However, the enzyme's activity and stability depend on the encapsulation system type. Therefore, the selection of the right encapsulation system is crucial in therapy due to its effect on the performance parameters of the L-ASP. Biodegradable and biocompatible materials, such as chitosan, alginate and liposomes, mainly attract the researcher's interest in enzyme encapsulation. The research trends are also moving towards developing formulations with targeted delivery and increased selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sri Santhi Lanka
- Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) University, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Saule Aidarova
- Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty 050005, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aiym Tleuova
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan.
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Galindo-Camacho RM, Haro I, Gómara MJ, Espina M, Fonseca J, Martins-Gomes C, Camins A, Silva AM, García ML, Souto EB. Cell penetrating peptides-functionalized Licochalcone-A-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for ocular inflammatory diseases: evaluation of in vitro anti-proliferative effects, stabilization by freeze-drying and characterization of an in-situ forming gel. Int J Pharm 2023; 639:122982. [PMID: 37116598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Licochalcone-A (Lico-A) PLGA NPs functionalized with cell penetrating peptides B6 and Tet-1 are proposed for the treatment of ocular anti-inflammatory diseases. In this work, we report the in vitro biocompatibility of cell penetrating peptides-functionalized Lico-A-loaded PLGA NPs in Caco-2 cell lines revealing a non-cytotoxic profile, and their anti-inflammatory activity against RAW 264.7 cell lines. Given the risk of hydrolysis of the liquid suspensions, freeze-drying was carried out testing different cryoprotectants (e.g., disaccharides, alcohols, and oligosaccharide-derived sugar alcohol) to prevent particle aggregation and mitigate physical stress. As the purpose is the topical eye instillation of the nanoparticles, to reduce precorneal wash-out, increase residence time and thus Lico-A bioavailability, an in-situ forming gel based on poloxamer 407 containing Lico-A loaded PLGA nanoparticles functionalized with B6 and Tet-1 for ocular administration has been developed. Developed formulations remain in a flowing semi-liquid state under non-physiological conditions and transformed into a semi-solid state under ocular temperature conditions (35 °C), which is beneficial for ocular administration. The pH, viscosity, texture parameters and gelation temperature results met the requirements for ophthalmic formulations. The gel has characteristics of viscoelasticity, suitable mechanical and mucoadhesive performance which facilitate its uniform distribution over the conjunctiva surface. In conclusion, we anticipate the potential clinical significance of our developed product provided that a synergistic effect is achieved by combining the high anti-inflammatory activity of Lico-A delivered by PLGA NPs with B6 and Tet-1 for site-specific targeting in the eye, using an in-situ forming gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Galindo-Camacho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Haro
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Gómara
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Antoni Camins
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - María L García
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Terukina T, Uchiyama Y, Kikuma F, Fukumitsu S, Iwata N, Kanazawa T, Kondo H. A New Approach for Characterizing the Thixotropic Properties of Gel Formulations as Sprayable Agents Based on Rheological Analysis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:119. [PMID: 35449239 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the rheological properties of gel formulations composed of the thixotropic peptide amphiphile, palmitoyl-glycine-histidine (Pal-GH), and the thickener, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), to propose a proper approach to design sprayable gel formulations with good spray performance and high retention of a therapeutic agent. The hysteresis loop area (HLA), a conventional index of thixotropy, was determined from the relationship between the shear stress and shear rate of various formulations with different amounts of Pal-GH and PGA. In addition, a new assessment method for characterizing the thixotropy using the initial structure recovery speed was determined based on the time course of the complex modulus (G*) after structural breakdown of the gel formulations. The G* values increased with the increase in the amount of Pal-GH and PGA, indicating that the formulations were not deformable. Additionally, high HLA and high initial structure recovery speed are preferable when selecting a formulation with good spray performance and high retention. As suitable combinations of Pal-GH and PGA could exhibit both high HLA and high initial structure recovery speed, they are promising components for gel formulations to be used as sprayable agents with good spray performance and high retention. The results also suggested that the initial structure recovery speed would reflect the thixotropy for the formulation more appropriately than HLA. Thus, the initial structure recovery speed could be a useful scale for the preparation of sprayable gel formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Terukina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Sizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Uchiyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Sizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kikuma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Sizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Saki Fukumitsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Sizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nana Iwata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Sizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Sizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Sizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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