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Larnani S, Song Y, Kim S, Park YS. Examining enamel-surface demineralization upon exposure to acidic solutions and the remineralization potential of milk and artificial saliva. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00960-y. [PMID: 38904919 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The enamel surface may undergo demineralization due to exposure to acidic substances and the remineralization of the etched enamel is crucial to regain or maintain integrity. This study aimed to investigate the erosive effect of 10 acidic solutions on tooth enamel and the remineralization capacity of milk and artificial saliva by measuring surface roughness (Ra), enamel depth, and microhardness. A total of 80 bovine incisor enamel specimens were immersed in 10 different acidic solutions, including four different acidic drinks, three different citric acid solutions, and three different citric acid buffer solutions, for 1 h. After demineralization, the specimens were immersed in milk and artificial saliva for 3 h. Surface roughness, enamel abraded depth, and microhardness were measured before demineralization, in-between time intervals and after remineralization. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05). The results indicate a significant difference in surface roughness between the measurements taken at different time intervals, particularly between the baseline and after 1 h demineralization. Also, the specimens immersed in CAB1 exhibited greatest increase in Ra among other acidic solutions (Δ: 0.18 ± 0.07). Moreover, only the microhardness increased after remineralization (p < 0.05). Enamel demineralization using various acidic solutions revealed increased Ra and enamel abraded depth, and decreased microhardness. The use of remineralization agents, milk and artificial saliva, demonstrated an increase in microhardness. This study provides insights into the effects of different acidic solutions and potential remineralization agents on tooth enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Larnani
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngha Song
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Future Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ruiz S, Díaz-Soriano A, Gallo W, Perez-Vargas F, Munive-Degregori A, Mayta-Tovalino F. Assessment of Structural Changes in Translucency and Opacity of Tooth Enamel against a Direct Demineralization Process: An In Vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:473-480. [PMID: 33042890 PMCID: PMC7523927 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_158_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess in vitro the structural changes in translucency and opacity of tooth enamel following a direct demineralization process. Materials and Methods: This experimental in vitro study evaluated 45 thirds (cervical, middle, and occlusal) of the tooth enamel surface of premolar teeth extracted from young adults divided into three groups of 15 specimens each: Group 1 (solution based on calcium, phosphorus, and fluorine), Group 2 (orthophosphoric acid 37%), and control group (distilled water). All underwent optical macroscopic examination with ×3 magnification to determine the initial translucency according to the variation of the medium in their intercrystalline spaces, and Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index was used. The experimental groups were then subjected to an artificial caries process during which the specimens were placed in an inorganic and organic solution of calcium, phosphorus, and fluorine at 37°C for 90 days with the acidic solution at pH 5 and the neutral solution at pH 7. The control specimens were placed in distilled water. Finally, all the specimens were assessed by polarization microscopy. Results: In relation to the occlusal third, the highest proportion in Groups 1 and 2 was in Grades 2 and 3 (80%). A significant association was only observed between the experimental groups in the degree of translucency in the occlusal third (P = 0.002), whereas no association was found in relation to the degree of opacity in the middle and cervical thirds in either study group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The resistance of enamel hydroxyapatite crystals increases from occlusal to cervical due to the greater presence of aprismatic enamel in the cervical horizontal third.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ruiz
- Department of Master in Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Peru
| | - Ana Díaz-Soriano
- Department of Preventive and Social Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Peru
| | - Walter Gallo
- Department of Rehabilitative Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Peru
| | - Fernando Perez-Vargas
- Department of Pediatric Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Peru
| | - Arnaldo Munive-Degregori
- Department of Rehabilitative Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Peru
| | - Frank Mayta-Tovalino
- Department of Rehabilitative Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Peru.,Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima-Peru
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Warreth A, Abuhijleh E, Almaghribi MA, Mahwal G, Ashawish A. Tooth surface loss: A review of literature. Saudi Dent J 2019; 32:53-60. [PMID: 32071532 PMCID: PMC7016226 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tooth surface loss (TSL) or tooth wear (TW) is an irreversible loss of hard tooth structure caused by factors other than those responsible for dental caries. TSL is observed clinically as attrition, abrasion, abfraction, and erosion. It may be associated with symptoms such as tooth hypersensitivity and function impairment, and may lead to change in the morphology of the affected tooth. However, it may also be asymptomatic, meaning the patient may not be aware of it. In this instance, the dentist is encouraged to make the patient aware of this issue. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the classification and management of TSL. Material and methods The PubMed (MEDLINE) search engine was used to gather the most recent information on TSL. The search was restricted to a five year period (1 September 2014–31 August 2019), and only English-language studies were included. A Boolean search of the PubMed dataset was implemented to combine a range of keywords: (Tooth surface loss OR tooth wear) AND (tooth attrition OR tooth Abrasion OR tooth erosion OR tooth abfraction OR non-carious cervical lesions) AND (humans). Studies were also obtained by manual searches and from Google Scholar. Results By this process, 560 articles and studies were obtained. More studies were also obtained by manual searches and from Google Scholar. The most relevant published studies were chosen and used in the current review. The selected articles are included in the reference list. Conclusion TSL is a clinical problem that dentists face on a daily basis. Therefore, a sound clinical approach by which TSL can be prevented and managed is essential. While this approach requires that dentists are knowledgeable about the issue, increasing public awareness of TSL is also vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Warreth
- Restorative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eyas Abuhijleh
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ghanim Mahwal
- Restorative Department, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
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Zilberman U, Milevski I, Yegorov D, Smith P. A 3000 year old case of an unusual dental lesion: Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 97:97-101. [PMID: 30368203 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the cause of a large dental lesion, tentatively identified as a case of pre-eruptive intra-coronal resorption (PEIR), in the permanent second mandibular molar of a young individual from an Iron Age cemetery at Tel Erani (Israel), dated to ca. 3000 years B.P. The provisional diagnosis was based on the massive size of the lesion in a young individual in whom the adjacent teeth were caries-free and showed no visible enamel defects. DESIGN The lower molars of Tel Erani on the affected side were radiographed and compared to radiographs of a modern clinical case of PEIR treated by one of us (U.Z) and the internal structure and mineral content of the lesion examined in detail using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). RESULTS The Tel Erani specimen closely resembled the modern clinical case of PEIR. Moreover, both cases occurred in young individuals in whom the adjacent teeth were caries-free. Examination with SEM revealed absence of dentine in the affected tooth from Tel Erani, together with changes in structure and mineral content characteristic of resorption. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the changes found in the lower second molar of the 3000 year old mandible from Tel Erani are characteristic of PEIR and demonstrate the antiquity of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Zilberman
- Head of Pediatric Dental Clinic, Barzilai Medical University Center, Ashkelon, Israel.
| | - Ianir Milevski
- Head of the Prehistoric Branch, Israel Antiquities Authority Jerusalem, Israel; Program "Raíces", Ministry of Science and Technology, Argentina
| | - Dimitry Yegorov
- Israel Antiquities Authority, Southern District, Omer, Israel; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Patricia Smith
- Laboratory of Bioarchaeology and Ancient DNA, Faculties of Medicine and Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Mutahar M, Carpenter G, Bartlett D, German M, Moazzez R. The presence of acquired enamel pellicle changes acid-induced erosion from dissolution to a softening process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10920. [PMID: 28883656 PMCID: PMC5589892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Erosive wear undermines the structural properties of enamel resulting in irreversible enamel loss. A thin protein layer formed from natural saliva on tooth surfaces, acquired enamel pellicle (AEP), protects against erosive wear. The exact components in saliva responsible for such protection are not yet known. We prepared three solutions containing different components: proteins and ions [natural saliva (NS)], minerals with no proteins [artificial saliva (AS)] and neither proteins nor ions [deionised water (DW)]. To assess the protection of the three solutions against citric acid enamel erosion, enamel specimens were immersed in the corresponding solution for 24 h. All specimens were then exposed to five erosion cycles, each consisted of a further 30 min immersion in the same solution followed by 10-min erosion. Mean step height using a non-contacting profilometer, mean surface microhardness (SMH) using Knoop microhardness tester (final SMH), and roughness and 2D profiles using atomic force microscopy were measured after five cycles. The final SMH values were compared to the starting values (after 24 hr). NS group had significantly less tissue loss but greater SMH change (P < 0.0001) than AS and DW groups. Specimens in NS were softer and rougher (P < 0.001) but less eroded than specimens in AS and DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mutahar
- Salivary Research, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Salivary Research, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - David Bartlett
- Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, King's College London Dental Institute, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew German
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Moazzez
- Salivary Research, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Er:YAG laser irradiation to control the progression of enamel erosion: an in situ study. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1465-73. [PMID: 24985348 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This in situ study evaluated the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation in controlling the progression of enamel erosion-like lesions. Fifty-six enamel slabs (330 KHN ± 10 %) with one fourth of the surface covered with resin composite (control area) were submitted to initial erosion-like lesion formation with citric acid. The slabs were divided into two groups: irradiated with Er:YAG laser and non-irradiated. Fourteen volunteers used an intraoral palatal appliance containing two slabs, in two phases of 5 days each. During the intraoral phase, in a crossed-over design, half of the volunteers immersed the appliance in citric acid while the other half used deionized water, both for 5 min, three times per day. Enamel wear was determined by an optical 3D profilometer. ANOVA revealed that when deionized water was used as immersion solution during the intraoral phase, lower values of wear were showed when compared with the groups that were eroded with citric acid, whether irradiated or non-irradiated with Er:YAG laser. When erosion with citric acid was performed, Er:YAG laser was not able to reduce enamel wear. Small changes on enamel surface were observed when it was irradiated with Er:YAG laser. It may be concluded that Er:YAG laser irradiation did not reduce the progression of erosive lesions on enamel submitted to in situ erosion with citric acid.
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Strnad G, Buka I. Effect of Acid Erosion Followed by Remineralization Process on Microhardness of Dental Enamel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Using bearing area parameters to quantify early erosive tooth surface changes in enamel: A pilot study. J Dent 2013; 41:1060-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Meyers IA. Minimum intervention dentistry and the management of tooth wear in general practice. Aust Dent J 2013; 58 Suppl 1:60-5. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- IA Meyers
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
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HAZAR-YORUC B, BAVBEK AB, ÖZCAN M. The erosion kinetics of conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer luting cements in acidic buffer solutions. Dent Mater J 2012. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Watanabe K, Nakamura T, Ogihara T, Ochiai Y, Watanabe S. Longitudinal evaluation of mineral loss at the earliest stage of enamel demineralization using micro-computed tomography. Health (London) 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.46055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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West NX, Hooper SM, O'Sullivan D, Hughes N, North M, Macdonald EL, Davies M, Claydon NCA. In situ randomised trial investigating abrasive effects of two desensitising toothpastes on dentine with acidic challenge prior to brushing. J Dent 2011; 40:77-85. [PMID: 22051246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if brushing dentine with 2 moderate RDA desensitising toothpastes, results in a significant dentine wear difference and whether this difference continues to be relevant when preceded with an erosive challenge. METHODS An in situ, single centre, single blind, randomised, split mouth study, evaluated the difference in abrasion of 2 toothpastes (SFM - Sensodyne Fresh Mint(®) RDA 70; CPHM - Crest Pro-Health Clean Mint(®) RDA 120) in 28 healthy volunteers. Two toothpaste treatments were administered 3×/day, for each of the two 15 day periods, subjects wearing bi-lateral, lower buccal appliances each with 4 dentine sections. A 2 min extra-oral acidic challenge preceded toothbrushing for 2 study arms. Contact profilometry measured samples at baseline, days 5, 10 and 15. RESULTS Brushing with SFM was significantly less abrasive than brushing with CPHM at all time points, with or without a preceding acidic challenge (p<0.0001). The additional dentine loss arising from the erosive challenge prior to brushing with each paste was linear with time and independent of abrasive effect. CONCLUSIONS The desensiting toothpastes' RDA, directly related to dentine loss with toothbrushing. An acidic challenge prior to brushing did not negate the benefits of reduced wear from the lower RDA paste compared to the higher RDA paste. When brushing eroded dentine, the additional wear appeared independent of abrasive effect. Dentine hypersensitivity sufferers should be recommended to use a low-moderate RDA toothpaste, not to brush more than 2×/day and not immediately following an acidic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- N X West
- Applied Clinical Research Group, Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, UK.
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Ren YF, Liu X, Fadel N, Malmstrom H, Barnes V, Xu T. Preventive effects of dentifrice containing 5000ppm fluoride against dental erosion in situ. J Dent 2011; 39:672-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Nikaido T, Ichikawa C, Li N, Takagaki T, Sadr A, Yoshida Y, Suzuki K, Tagami J. Effect of functional monomers in all-in-one adhesive systems on formation of enamel/dentin acid-base resistant zone. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:576-82. [PMID: 21946477 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2010-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the effect of functional monomers in all-in-one adhesive systems on formation of acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) in enamel and dentin. Experimental adhesive systems containing one of three functional monomers; MDP, 3D-SR and 4-META were applied to enamel or dentin surface and light-cured. A universal resin composite was then placed. The specimens were subjected to a demineralizing solution (pH 4.5) and 5% NaClO for acid-base challenge and then observed by SEM. The ABRZ was clearly observed in both enamel and dentin interfaces. However, enamel ABRZ was thinner than dentin ABRZ in all adhesives. Morphology of the ABRZ was different between enamel and dentin, and also among the adhesives. Funnel-shaped erosion was observed only in the enamel specimen with the 4-META adhesive. The formation of enamel/dentin ABRZ was confirmed in all adhesives, but the morphology was influenced by the functional monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nikaido
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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Scaramucci T, Hara AT, Zero DT, Ferreira SS, Aoki IV, Sobral MAP. Development of an orange juice surrogate for the study of dental erosion. Braz Dent J 2011; 22:473-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402011000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to create a synthetic juice (SJ) to be used as a surrogate for natural orange juices in erosion studies, verifying its erosive potential. The SJ was formulated based on the chemical composition of orange juices from different locations. Forty enamel and 40 root dentin specimens were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups (n=10): SJ; 1% Citric Acid (CA); Minute Maid Original® (MM) and Florida Natural Original® (FN). The specimens were immersed in their respective solutions for 5 min, 6x/day for 5 days, in an erosion-remineralization cycling model. Enamel specimens were analyzed by surface Knoop microhardness and optical profilometry and dentin specimens only by optical profilometry. Outcomes were analyzed statistically by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test considering a significance level of 5%. For enamel, the surface loss and microhardness changes found for MM and SJ groups were similar (p>0.05) and significantly lower (p<0.01) than those found in the CA group. For dentin, CA promoted significantly greater (p<0.01) surface loss compared with all the other groups. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in dentin surface loss between MM and SJ. In conclusion, CA was the most erosive solution, and SJ had a similar erosive potential to that of MM natural orange juice.
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De Carvalho Filho ACB, Sanches RP, Martin AA, Do Espírito Santo AM, Soares LES. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry study of the protective effects of fluoride varnish and gel on enamel erosion. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 74:839-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Li N, Nikaido T, Takagaki T, Sadr A, Makishi P, Chen J, Tagami J. The role of functional monomers in bonding to enamel: acid-base resistant zone and bonding performance. J Dent 2010; 38:722-30. [PMID: 20546822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of two functional monomers on caries-inhibition potential and bond strength of two-step self-etching adhesive systems to enamel. METHODS Clearfil SE Bond and similar experimental formulations different in the functional monomer were used. Four combinations of primer and bonding agents were evaluated: (1) Clearfil SE Bond which contains MDP in both primer and bonding (M-M); (2) Clearfil SE Bond primer and Phenyl-P in bonding (M-P); (3) Phenyl-P in primer and Clearfil SE Bond bonding (P-M); (4) Phenyl-P in primer and bonding (P-P). Ground buccal enamel surfaces of human sound premolars were treated with one of the systems and the bonded interface was exposed to an artificial demineralising solution (pH 4.5) for 4.5 h, and then 5% NaOCl with ultrasonication for 30 min. After argon-ion etching, the interfacial ultrastructure was observed using SEM. Micro-shear bond strength to enamel was measured for all groups and results were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey's HSD, while failure modes were analysed by chi-square test. RESULTS An acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) was found with all adhesive systems containing MDP either in primer or bond; however, ultramorphology and crystallite arrangement in the ABRZ were different among groups. P-P was the only group devoid of this protective zone. Micro-shear bond strength in M-M was significantly higher than those in M-P, P-M and P-P, while the latter three were not different from each other. Failure modes were significantly different (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Functional monomers in two-step self-etching systems influence both the bonding performance and the formation of ABRZ on enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145, Changlexi Road, 710032 Xi'an, China
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