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Xu GY, Zhao IS, Lung CYK, Yin IX, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Frontiers of Global Research Trend on Root Caries: A Bibliometric Analysis. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00161-8. [PMID: 39003120 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the global research trend and frontiers in the field of root caries. METHODS Two independent investigators searched the Web of Science Core Collection to include journal articles published on root caries from 1994 to 2023. They examined citation trends of the selected publications and performed bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer. Cooccurrence and cocitation analysis were used to calculate the burst strength of the most cited keywords and the most cited publications. RESULTS This study included 1144 publications (1004 scientific research articles and 140 review articles) for bibliometric analysis. The number of publications from 2018 to 2023 was 404, accounting for 35% (404/1144) over the last 30 years. The annual citation count showed a gradual upward trend with a surge from 2018. The cooccurrence analysis classified the publications into four clusters which were in vitro studies, prevention, microbiology, and epidemiology. Cocitation analysis revealed silver diamine fluoride, systematic review, and randomized clinical trial were the three main keywords; and their citation burst strength (period) were 17.2 (2017-2023), 9.4 (2015-2023), and 6.9 (2018-2023), respectively. Noninvasive treatment of root caries (narrative review), aetiology of root caries (narrative review), and use of silver diamine fluoride in arresting root caries (clinical trial) were the topics (publication type) of the three most cited publications; and their burst strength (period) were 8.9 (2017-2020), 5.9 (2017-2021), and 4.7 (2015-2018), respectively. CONCLUSION This study highlights the recent growing research interest in root caries, particularly on its microbiology, prevention, and the use of silver diamine fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yuchan Xu
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Poudel P, Paudel G, Acharya R, George A, Borgnakke WS, Rawal LB. Oral health and healthy ageing: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:33. [PMID: 38191307 PMCID: PMC10773108 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good oral health is an important part of healthy ageing, yet there is limited understanding regarding the status of oral health care for older people globally. This study reviewed evidence (policies, programs, and interventions) regarding oral health care for older people. METHODS A systematic search of six databases for published and grey literature in the English language by the end of April 2022 was undertaken utilising Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework. RESULTS The findings from oral health policy documents (n = 17) indicated a lack of priorities in national health policies regarding oral health care for older people. The most common oral health interventions reported in the published studies (n = 62) included educational sessions and practical demonstrations on oral care for older adults, nurses, and care providers. Other interventions included exercises of facial muscles and the tongue, massage of salivary glands, and application of chemical agents, such as topical fluoride. CONCLUSION There is currently a gap in information and research around effective oral health care treatments and programs in geriatric dental care. Efforts must be invested in developing guidelines to assist both dental and medical healthcare professionals in integrating good oral health as part of healthy ageing. Further research is warranted in assessing the effectiveness of interventions in improving the oral health status of the elderly and informing approaches to assist the integration of oral health into geriatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Poudel
- Office of Research and Education, Canberra Health Services, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Government, Garran, ACT, 2606, Australia
- Australian Centre for Integration of Oral Health (ACIOH), School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Grish Paudel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Appleton Institute, Physical Activity Research Group, Central Queensland University, QLD, Rockhampton, 4702, Australia
| | - Reecha Acharya
- Australian Centre for Integration of Oral Health (ACIOH), School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Ajesh George
- Australian Centre for Integration of Oral Health (ACIOH), School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, Australia.
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia.
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Wenche S Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lal B Rawal
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- Appleton Institute, Physical Activity Research Group, Central Queensland University, QLD, Rockhampton, 4702, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Potocka W, Assy Z, Bikker FJ, Laine ML. Current and Potential Applications of Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives in Oral Health Care. Molecules 2023; 28:7178. [PMID: 37894657 PMCID: PMC10609285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant products have been employed in medicine for centuries. As the world becomes more health-conscious, there is a growing interest in natural and minimally processed products for oral health care. This has led to an increase in research into the bioactive compounds found in plant products, particularly monoterpenes. Monoterpenes are known to have beneficial biological properties, but the specific mechanisms by which they exert their effects are not yet fully understood. Despite this, some monoterpenes are already being used in oral health care. For example, thymol, which has antibacterial properties, is an ingredient in varnish used for caries prevention. In addition to this, monoterpenes have also demonstrated antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties, making them versatile for various applications. As research continues, there is potential for even more discoveries regarding the benefits of monoterpenes in oral health care. This narrative literature review gives an overview of the biological properties and current and potential applications of selected monoterpenes and their derivatives in oral health care. These compounds demonstrate promising potential for future medical development, and their applications in future research are expected to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Potocka
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.A.); (F.J.B.)
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Zainab Assy
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.A.); (F.J.B.)
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Z.A.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Marja L. Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Park KJ, Meißner T, Günther E, Schmalz G, Kottmann T, Krause F, Haak R, Ziebolz D. Arrest of root caries with an adjuvant chlorhexidine-fluoride varnish over a 12-months observation period: a QLF-analyzed, placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial (RCT). Odontology 2021; 110:193-202. [PMID: 34255238 PMCID: PMC8732822 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of an adjuvant chlorhexidine–fluoride varnish (Cervitec F) for prevention and arrest of root caries on elderly participants using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). 23 participants with two or three non-cavitated root carious lesions were included and assigned to three groups of different varnishes (CF: Cervitec F, P: placebo, DP: Duraphate). Agents were applied once to root surface at baseline and in follow-up after 3, 6 and 9 months. The lesions were assessed clinically and with QLF. QLF-images were analyzed regarding fluorescence loss (ΔF), lesion volume (ΔQ) and bacterial activity (ΔR) before (t0), after 14 days (t1), 6- (t2) and 12-months (t3). CF showed a significant difference between t0 and t3: ∆F (− 12.51 [15.41] vs. − 7.80 [16.72], p = 0.012), ∆Q (− 2339.97 (20,898.30) vs. − 751.82 (5725.35), p < 0.001), ∆R (23.80 [41.70] vs. 7.07 [37.50], p = 0.006). Independently of the varnish application, preventive care seems positively influence the root caries progress. Although within CF group the strongest effect was observed, no superiority of a specific varnish application was confirmed over a 12-months QLF observation period. Extra topical fluoride can help remineralise dentin lesions and QLF can be used as a measurement method to determine changes in the dentin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Park
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meißner
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Günther
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Felix Krause
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of CariologyEndodontology and Periodontology, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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AlQranei MS, Balhaddad AA, Melo MAS. The burden of root caries: Updated perspectives and advances on management strategies. Gerodontology 2020; 38:136-153. [PMID: 33236462 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root caries has gained much attention in the last few years. As the world's population is ageing and people currently tend to retain more teeth compared with older generations, there is an increased prevalence of periodontal disease and gingival recession, which may accelerate the onset of root caries. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarise recent findings related to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of root caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE (OVID) and Scopus (Elsevier) searches were performed to identify and discuss articles that address the pathogenicity and clinical management of root caries. RESULTS Root caries is a multifactorial disease. Cariogenic species involved in root caries are less dependent on carbohydrates since collagen degradation inside the dentinal tubules can provide nutrients and microcavities for the invading microorganisms. Furthermore, the root surface has fewer minerals in comparison with enamel, which may accelerate the onset of demineralisation. Root caries could be prevented by patient education, modification of risk factors, and the use of in-office and home remineralisation tools. The use of non-invasive approaches to control root caries is recommended, as the survival rate of root caries restorations is poor. When plaque control is impossible and a deep/large cavity is present, glass ionomer or resin-based restorations can be placed. CONCLUSION The assessment of root carious lesions is critical to determine the lesion activity and the required intervention. Dental practitioners should also be aware of different prevention and treatment approaches to design optimum oral health care for root caries-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S AlQranei
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary A S Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Al-Nasser L, Lamster IB. Prevention and management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in the older adults. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:69-83. [PMID: 32844424 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a result of aging populations, in the future, dental practitioners will be caring for more older adults than ever before. These older adults, especially in developed countries, will demand a greater number of dental services, driven by increased tooth retention and an expectation of excellent oral healthcare throughout the life course. Further, the global rise in the prevalence and incidence of chronic diseases will increase the risk and/or severity of oral diseases and add a layer of complexity to the management of oral diseases in older adults. More older adults will be at a higher risk of periodontal disease and root caries as a result of reduced tooth loss and edentulism. This article reviews information on periodontitis and root caries, oral diseases which reflect the cumulative risk of the individual, and which are best addressed through prevention. Oral healthcare providers must embrace the concept of lifelong emphasis on prevention, as well as participation as active members of a healthcare team which provides healthcare for older adults in various settings (eg, hospital/clinic-based care, community-based settings, and long-term care facilities). National guidelines that address oral health are being considered by some countries, and if these are implemented they will increase the accessibility to oral health for older adults. In parallel to this, revisions of existing older adult insurance schemes (eg, the inclusion of routine oral healthcare in the US Medicare program) would promote the maintenance of a functional dentition that is pain-free and conducive to general health. The opportunity exists to implement a holistic approach to oral health that will align oral health with general health and emphasize that true health can only be achieved with the inclusion of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Al-Nasser
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA.,Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ira B Lamster
- School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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Gonzalez A, Miñán AG, Grillo CA, Prieto ED, Schilardi PL, Fernández Lorenzo de Mele MA. Characterization and antimicrobial effect of a bioinspired thymol coating formed on titanium surface by one-step immersion treatment. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1495-1507. [PMID: 32988646 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an antimicrobial and anti-adherent thymol (TOH)-containing coating on titanium (Ti) by a bioinspired one-step biocompatible method. METHODS A nanolayer of adsorbed TOH (TOH-NL-Ti) was formed by an easy deep coating method on Ti surface. The treatment consists in a simple one-step immersion process in a TOH-containing solution. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), potentiodynamic electrochemical technique, open circuit potential records, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and measurements of TOH release were used to characterize TOH-NL-Ti. Live/Dead staining and plate counting were employed to quantify attached and living adhered bacteria, respectively. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in fibroblastic and pre-osteoblastic cell lines were evaluated by acridine orange staining and MTT assay, respectively. RESULTS TOH adsorbed on TOH-NL-Ti was detected by ATR-FTIR and electrochemical techniques. ATR-FTIR results showed that TOH nanofilms development involves spontaneous production of ketonic structures on Ti surface. AFM analysis revealed that the thickness of the TOH-NL was below 80 nm. Finally, microbiological assays confirmed that TOH-NL-Ti can inhibit the adhesion and kill attached bacteria leading to the eradication of leaving cells on its surface. After 24 h of biocidal release, the antimicrobial effect is also significant (a decrease of 3 orders in the number of attached bacteria). SIGNIFICANCE The formation of TOH-NL-Ti nanolayer is a simple strategy able to be applied by not specially trained personnel, to reduce implant infection risks, ensure highly effective antimicrobial action and inhibition of bacterial adhesion on Ti surfaces without showing toxic effects for pre-osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Guillermo Miñán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Alejandra Grillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Daniel Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Patricia Laura Schilardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Alicia Fernández Lorenzo de Mele
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata- CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 1, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Interventions to improve oral health of older people: A scoping review. J Dent 2020; 101:103451. [PMID: 32810577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A range of interventions have been tested to improve oral health of older people. We performed a scoping review to map interventions' aims, outcome measures and findings, and to locate them on different levels of care. DATA We systematically screened for (1) controlled studies on (2) people over 65 years of age, (3) comparing at least two interventions to improve oral health. Interventions were summarized according to their aims and the employed intervention type, mapped on their level of action, and classified as primary/secondary/tertiary prevention. SOURCES Studies retrieved via MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL. STUDY SELECTION Eighty-one studies (published 1997-2019, conducted mainly in high-income countries) were included. Sample sizes varied (n = 24-1987). Follow-up was 0.25-60 months. Most studies (64/81) found a statistically significant benefit of the intervention. A total of 13 different aims were identified, and a range of intervention types employed (e.g. educational interventions, professional oral healthcare, restorative treatment, fluoride application and, generally, dentifrices, mouthwashes, chewing gums/food supplements). Most studies were located on the carer/patient level (56/81 studies) or the system/policy-maker level (44/81). The majority of studies aimed for primary prevention (64/81). CONCLUSIONS Oral health improvement interventions are widely studied. However, study aims, methods and outcome measures are highly heterogeneous, which limits the ability for robust conclusions. Current research focusses on primary prevention on the level of patients/carers or system/policy-maker level. Future studies may want to consider interventions on dentists' level focussing on secondary prevention. These studies should rely on a core set of comprehensive, standardized set of outcome measures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE While specific interventions seem efficacious to improve older people's oral health, the current body of evidence is neither comprehensive (significant gaps exists in relevant levels of the care process) nor comparable enough to draw robust conclusions.
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Kokoska L, Kloucek P, Leuner O, Novy P. Plant-Derived Products as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents in Human Health Care. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5501-5541. [PMID: 30182844 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180831144344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A number of papers reporting antimicrobial properties of extracts, essential oils, resins and various classes of compounds isolated from higher plants have been published in recent years; however, a comprehensive analysis of plant-derived antimicrobial agents currently applied in practice for the improvement of human health is still lacking. This review summarizes data on clinical efficacy, antimicrobial effects and the chemistry of commercially available antibacterial and antifungal agents of plant origin currently used in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal, oral, respiratory, skin, and urinary infections. As a result of an analysis of the literature, more than 40 plant-derived over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, cosmetics, herbal medicines, and functional foods containing complex mixtures (e.g. Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil, and Pistacia lentiscus resin), pure compounds (e.g. benzoic acid, berberine, eucalyptol, salicylic acid and thymol) as well as their derivatives and complexes (e.g. bismuth subsalicylate and zinc pyrithione) have been identified. The effectiveness of many of these products is illustrated by results of clinical trials and supported by data on there in vitro antimicrobial activity. A broad spectrum of various commercial products currently available on the market and their welldocumented clinical efficacy suggests that plants are prospective sources for the identification of new types of antimicrobial agents in future. Innovative approaches and methodologies for effective proof-of-concept research and the development of new types of plant-derived products effective against recently emerging problems related to human microbial diseases (e.g. antimicrobial resistance) are also proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kloucek
- Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Leuner
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Novy
- Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, Prague - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
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Slayton RL, Urquhart O, Araujo MWB, Fontana M, Guzmán-Armstrong S, Nascimento MM, Nový BB, Tinanoff N, Weyant RJ, Wolff MS, Young DA, Zero DT, Tampi MP, Pilcher L, Banfield L, Carrasco-Labra A. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline on nonrestorative treatments for carious lesions: A report from the American Dental Association. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 149:837-849.e19. [PMID: 30261951 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An expert panel convened by the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs and the Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry conducted a systematic review and formulated evidence-based clinical recommendations for the arrest or reversal of noncavitated and cavitated dental caries using nonrestorative treatments in children and adults. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors conducted a systematic search of the literature in MEDLINE and Embase via Ovid, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews to identify randomized controlled trials reporting on nonrestorative treatments for noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions. The authors used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to assess the certainty in the evidence and move from the evidence to the decisions. RESULTS The expert panel formulated 11 clinical recommendations, each specific to lesion type, tooth surface, and dentition. Of the most effective interventions, the panel provided recommendations for the use of 38% silver diamine fluoride, sealants, 5% sodium fluoride varnish, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel, and 5,000 parts per million fluoride (1.1% sodium fluoride) toothpaste or gel, among others. The panel also provided a recommendation against the use of 10% casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Although the recommended interventions are often used for caries prevention, or in conjunction with restorative treatment options, these approaches have shown to be effective in arresting or reversing carious lesions. Clinicians are encouraged to prioritize use of these interventions based on effectiveness, safety, and feasibility.
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11
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Meyer-Lueckel H, Machiulskiene V, Giacaman RA. How to Intervene in the Root Caries Process? Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Caries Res 2019; 53:599-608. [PMID: 31412343 DOI: 10.1159/000501588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review as part of the preparation for a workshop organized by the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) in conjunction with the European Organisation for Caries Research (ORCA) was to systematically analyze available evidence of non-, micro- as well as invasive interventions for root caries lesions (RCLs). For each treatment strategy, a separate systematic review was either performed (micro-invasive and choice of restorative material) or updated (non-invasive and excavation technique) each of them following PRISMA guidelines, and if possible meta-analyses were performed. Besides the general advice to improve tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste main findings for non-invasive interventions in RCLs, the use of dentifrices containing 5,000 ppm F- as well as professionally applied chlorhexidine varnish or silver diamine fluoride seemed to be more efficacious to arrest root caries compared to conventional fluoride toothpaste or placebo respectively. However, this conclusion is based only on a few randomized clinical trials. For micro-invasive treatments, only 2 studies focusing on sealants were available without clear conclusions. A recent review on the comparison of atraumatic restorative treatment compared with conventional treatment concluded that there is insufficient data to clearly rule out if any difference with regard to restoration longevity between both techniques exists. When restoring coventionally, composites performed better than resin-modified and glass ionomer cements. However, all materials showed rather high annual failure rates in the majority of the studies and evidence is based on a low number of prospective studies with a rather high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
| | - Vita Machiulskiene
- Clinic of Dental and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
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12
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Yaghini J, Naghsh N, Sadeghi SM, Soltani S. Gingival Inflammatory Indices and Dental Stain Index after Using Aloe Vera-Green Tea Mouthwash, Matrica Mouthwash, or 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash Compared with Placebo in Patients with Gingival Inflammation. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of composition of aloe vera-green tea, matrica, and chlorhexidine on gingival inflammatory indices and dental stain index.
Materials & Methods:
In this double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial, anti-inflammatory, anti-plaque formation, and dental staining effects of two herbal mouthwashes, including aloe vera-green tea and matrica in comparison with chlorhexidine in 60 patients with plaque induced gingivitis referring to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry were evaluated. The indices evaluated in this study were plaque index (Silness and Loe), gingival index (Loe and Silness), bleeding on probing index (Ainamo and Bay) and dental stain index (Lobene stain index). They were evaluated on the first day of using mouthwashes and two weeks later. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. One-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc, and paired t and Chi-square tests (α=0.05) were used as appropriate.
Results:
There was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of the mean values of plaque index, gingival index, BOP index, and stain index before the application of mouthwash. However, after mouthwash application, the mean values of indices were significantly different between the four groups. Aloe vera-green tea and chlorhexidine mouthwashes reduced plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing index significantly and there was no significant difference between these two mouthwashes (P>0.05). The effect of matrica mouthwash on plaque index and gingival index was significantly lower than aloe vera-green tea and chlorhexidine (P<0.05). The mean reduction in BOP index was not significantly different between the aloe vera-green tea, chlorhexidine, and matrica groups. Regarding dental stain index, both herbal mouthwashes caused significantly lower dental stain in comparison with chlorhexidine (P<0.05).
Conclusion:
The results of the present study show that aloe vera-green tea mouthwash may be an effective mouthwash owing to its antiplaque and anti-inflammatory properties and may be an ideal substitute for chlorhexidine.
Clinical Trial:
The clinical trial code: IR.MUI.REC.1395.3.573
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13
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Urquhart O, Tampi MP, Pilcher L, Slayton RL, Araujo MWB, Fontana M, Guzmán-Armstrong S, Nascimento MM, Nový BB, Tinanoff N, Weyant RJ, Wolff MS, Young DA, Zero DT, Brignardello-Petersen R, Banfield L, Parikh A, Joshi G, Carrasco-Labra A. Nonrestorative Treatments for Caries: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2018; 98:14-26. [PMID: 30290130 PMCID: PMC6304695 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of nonrestorative or non- and microinvasive caries treatment (fluoride-
and nonfluoride-based interventions) is to manage the caries disease process at
a lesion level and minimize the loss of sound tooth structure. The purpose of
this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to summarize the available
evidence on nonrestorative treatments for the outcomes of 1) arrest or reversal
of noncavitated and cavitated carious lesions on primary and permanent teeth and
2) adverse events. We included parallel and split-mouth randomized controlled
trials where patients were followed for any length of time. Studies were
identified with MEDLINE and Embase via Ovid, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews. Pairs of reviewers independently conducted the
selection of studies, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessments, and assessment
of the certainty in the evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,
Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Data were synthesized with a
random effects model and a frequentist approach. Forty-four trials (48 reports)
were eligible, which included 7,378 participants and assessed the effect of 22
interventions in arresting or reversing noncavitated or cavitated carious
lesions. Four network meta-analyses suggested that sealants + 5% sodium fluoride
(NaF) varnish, resin infiltration + 5% NaF varnish, and 5,000-ppm F (1.1% NaF)
toothpaste or gel were the most effective for arresting or reversing
noncavitated occlusal, approximal, and noncavitated and cavitated root carious
lesions on primary and/or permanent teeth, respectively (low- to
moderate-certainty evidence). Study-level data indicated that 5% NaF varnish was
the most effective for arresting or reversing noncavitated facial/lingual
carious lesions (low certainty) and that 38% silver diamine fluoride solution
applied biannually was the most effective for arresting advanced cavitated
carious lesions on any coronal surface (moderate to high certainty). Preventing
the onset of caries is the ultimate goal of a caries management plan. However,
if the disease is present, there is a variety of effective interventions to
treat carious lesions nonrestoratively.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Urquhart
- 1 Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry, Science Institute, American Dental Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M P Tampi
- 1 Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry, Science Institute, American Dental Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Pilcher
- 1 Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry, Science Institute, American Dental Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R L Slayton
- 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M W B Araujo
- 3 Science Institute, American Dental Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Fontana
- 4 Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Guzmán-Armstrong
- 5 Advance Education Program in Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M M Nascimento
- 6 Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - B B Nový
- 7 DentaQuest Institute and DentaQuest Oral Health Center, Westborough, MA, USA
| | - N Tinanoff
- 8 Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - R J Weyant
- 9 Department of Dental Public Health and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M S Wolff
- 10 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D A Young
- 11 Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - D T Zero
- 12 Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, School of Dentistry Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Brignardello-Petersen
- 13 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L Banfield
- 14 Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Parikh
- 15 College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - G Joshi
- 16 GC America, Alsip, IL, USA
| | - A Carrasco-Labra
- 1 Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry, Science Institute, American Dental Association, Chicago, IL, USA.,17 Evidence-Based Dentistry Unit and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Cai J, Palamara JEA, Manton DJ, Burrow MF. Status and progress of treatment methods for root caries in the last decade: a literature review. Aust Dent J 2017; 63:34-54. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - JEA Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - DJ Manton
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - MF Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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15
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Maheswari SU, Raja J, Kumar A, Seelan RG. Caries management by risk assessment: A review on current strategies for caries prevention and management. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2015; 7:S320-4. [PMID: 26538870 PMCID: PMC4606612 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current trend in treating dental caries is using nondestructive risk-based caries management strategies rather than focusing on the restorative treatment alone. Currently, there have been many changes in understanding of the multifaceted nature of caries process and its management. Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) which is an evidence-based approach focuses on determining many factors causing the expression of disease and take corrective action. The clinicians can ascertain what behaviors are increasing a patient's risk for disease and disease progression by evaluating the current caries risk of a patient. With this modern CAMBRA protocol, a novel treatment plan can be designed to arrest dental caries thereby decreasing the chance of cavitation. After the recognition of the multi factorial nature of caries involving the biofilm, the contemporary approaches focused mainly on the various options to cope with the locally out-of-balance oral biofilm and stop the progression of the disease. The initial caries lesions can be diagnosed with modern diagnostic aids and with the help of CAMBRA, reestablishment of the integrity of the tooth surface early on in the caries process will bring great rewards for patients. This review focuses on the repair of hard tooth tissues using noninvasive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uma Maheswari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jacob Raja
- Department of Periodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Gnana Seelan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Wierichs RJ, Meyer-Lueckel H. Systematic review on noninvasive treatment of root caries lesions. J Dent Res 2014; 94:261-71. [PMID: 25398366 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514557330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present systematic review critically summarizes results of clinical studies investigating chemical agents to reduce initiation or inactivation of root caries lesions (RCLs). Outcomes were DMFRS/DFRS (decayed, missing, filled root surfaces), surface texture (hard/soft), and/or RCI (root caries index). Three electronic databases were screened for studies from 1947 to 2014. Cross-referencing was used to further identify articles. Article selection and data abstraction were done in duplicate. Languages were restricted to English and German. Mean differences (MD) were calculated for changes in DMFRS/DFRS. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated for changes in surface texture and RCI in a random effects model. Thirty-four articles with 1 or more agents were included; they reported 30 studies with 10,136 patients who were 20 to 101 y old; and they analyzed 28 chemical agents (alone or in combination). Eleven studies investigated dentifrices, 10 rinses, 8 varnishes, 3 solutions, 3 gels, and 2 ozone applications. Meta-analyses revealed that dentifrices containing 5,000 ppm F(-) (RR = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.42, 0.57; high level of evidence) or 1.5% arginine plus 1,450 ppm F(-) (RR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.64, 0.98; very low level) are more effective in inactivating RCLs than dentifrices containing 1,100 to 1,450 ppm F(-). Self-applied AmF/SnF2-containing dentifrice and rinse decreased the initiation of RCLs when compared with NaF products (standardized MD = 0.15; 95% CI = -0.22, 0.52; low level). Patients rinsing with a mouth rinse containing 225 to 900 ppm F(-) revealed a significantly reduced DMFRS/DFRS (MD = -0.18; 95% CI = -0.35, -0.01; low level) when compared with a placebo rinse. Significantly reduced RCI was found for CHX (MD = -0.67; 95% CI = -1.01, -0.32; very low level) as well as SDF (MD = -0.33; 95% CI = -0.39, -0.28; very low level) when compared with placebo varnish. Regular use of dentifrices containing 5,000 ppm F(-) and quarterly professionally applied CHX or SDF varnishes seem to be efficacious to decrease progression and initiation of root caries, respectively. However, this conclusion is based on only very few well-conducted randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wierichs
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Hayes M, Allen E, da Mata C, McKenna G, Burke F. Minimal intervention dentistry and older patients part 1: risk assessment and caries prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:406-8, 411-2. [DOI: 10.12968/denu.2014.41.5.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hayes
- Clinical Research Fellow, Restorative Dentistry, University College Cork
| | - Edith Allen
- Lecturer in Restorative Dentistry, University College Cork, Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cristiane da Mata
- Restorative Dentistry, University College Cork, Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerald McKenna
- Lecturer in Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Restorative Dentistry, University College Cork, Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francis Burke
- Senior Lecturer/Consultant, Restorative Dentistry, University College Cork, Dental School and Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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19
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Komulainen K, Ylöstalo P, Syrjälä AM, Ruoppi P, Knuuttila M, Sulkava R, Hartikainen S. Oral health intervention among community-dwelling older people: a randomised 2-year intervention study. Gerodontology 2013; 32:62-72. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaija Komulainen
- Research Centre of Geriatric Care; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Clinical Pharmacology and Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Unit; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Social and Health Centre of Kuopio; Kuopio Finland
| | - Pekka Ylöstalo
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Dentistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Unit of Dentistry; School of Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Syrjälä
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Dentistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Oulu Health Centre; Oulu Finland
| | - Piia Ruoppi
- Social and Health Centre of Kuopio; Kuopio Finland
| | - Matti Knuuttila
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Dentistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Raimo Sulkava
- Division of Geriatrics; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Sirpa Hartikainen
- Research Centre of Geriatric Care; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Clinical Pharmacology and Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Unit; School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
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20
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Correlates of root caries experience in middle-aged and older adults in the Northwest Practice-based REsearch Collaborative in Evidence-based DENTistry research network. J Am Dent Assoc 2013; 144:507-16. [DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Lee A, Gabe S, Nightingale J, Burke M. Intestinal failure and home parenteral nutrition: Implications for oral health and dental care. Clin Nutr 2013; 32:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Gluzman R, Katz RV, Frey BJ, McGowan R. Prevention of root caries: a literature review of primary and secondary preventive agents. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2012; 33:133-40. [PMID: 23600985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2012.00318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This literature review summarizes the effectiveness of the seven leading root caries preventive agents and provides recommendations for use of those agents in clinical practice with older adults and vulnerable elderly. METHOD Studies were eligible if they assessed the effectiveness of either fluoride, chlorhexidine, xylitol, amorphous calcium phosphate, sealants, saliva stimulators, or silver diamine fluoride to prevent/control root caries in an English language articles between 1979 and 2010. RESULTS In the 31 eligible studies, the most effective primary (1°) prevention agents had reductions in RC incidence ranging from 72% to nearly 200% as compared to a placebo while for secondary (2°) prevention, the best agents demonstrated arrest rates between 67 and 80%. CONCLUSION For 1° prevention of root caries the recommended "best choice" is a 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride solution professionally applied annually, while for the 2° prevention of root caries, the recommended "best choice" is a 22,500 ppm Sodium Fluoride varnish professionally applied every 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Gluzman
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, NYU College of Dentistry, NY, USA
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23
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Fani M, Kohanteb J. Inhibitory activity of Aloe vera gel on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. J Oral Sci 2012; 54:15-21. [PMID: 22466882 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.54.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Aloe vera is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and immune-boosting properties. In the present study we investigated the inhibitory activities of Aloe vera gel on some cariogenic (Streptococcus mutans), periodontopathic (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis) and an opportunistic periodontopathogen (Bacteroides fragilis) isolated from patients with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Twenty isolates of each of these bacteria were investigated for their sensitivity to Aloe vera gel using the disk diffusion and microdilution methods. S. mutans was the species most sensitive to Aloe vera gel with a MIC of 12.5 µg/ml, while A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and B. fragilis were less sensitive, with a MIC of 25-50 µg/ml (P < 0.01). Based on our present findings it is concluded that Aloe vera gel at optimum concentration could be used as an antiseptic for prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmehdi Fani
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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24
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Niessen LC. Chlorhexidine varnish, sodium fluoride varnish, and silver diamine fluoride solution can prevent the development of new root caries in elders living in senior homes in Hong Kong. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2012; 12:95-6. [PMID: 22726790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Niessen
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75205, USA.
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25
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Arias-Moliz MT, Ferrer-Luque CM, González-Rodríguez MP, Navarro-Escobar E, de Freitas MFA, Baca P. Antimicrobial activity and enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation on chlorhexidine varnishes. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e705-9. [PMID: 22322495 PMCID: PMC3476037 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity and biofilm formation of three chlorhexidine varnishes in four Enterococcus faecalis strains: E. faecalis ATCC 29212, E. faecalis EF-D1 (from failed endodontic treatment), E. faecalis 072 (cheese) and E. faecalis U-1765 (nosocomial infection), and one Enterococcus durans strain (failed endodontic treatment).
Study Design: The direct contact test was used to study the antimicrobial activity. Bacterial suspensions were exposed for one hour to EC40, Cervitec (CE) and Cervitec Plus (CEP) varnishes. “Eradication” was defined as 100% bacterial kill. The formation of enterococci biofilms was tested on the surface of the varnishes after 24 hours of incubation and expressed as percentage of biofilm reduction.
Results: EC40 eradicated all strains except E. faecalis ATCC 29212, where 98.78% kill was achieved. CE and CEP showed antimicrobial activity against all the strains, but most clearly against E. durans and E. faecalis 072. EC40 completely inhibited the formation of biofilm of E. faecalis ATCC 29212, E. faecalis 072 and E. durans. CE and CEP led to over 92% of biofilm reduction, except in the case of E. faecalis U-1765 on CEP (76.42%).
Conclusion: The three varnishes studied were seen to be effective in killing the tested strains of enterococci and in inhibiting the formation of biofilm, the best results being observed with EC40.
Key words:Biofilm, chlorhexidine varnish, direct contact test, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis, intracanal medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Teresa Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada, Spain.
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López-Jornet P, Plana-Ramon E, Leston JS, Pons-Fuster A. Short-term side effects of 0.2% alcohol-free chlorhexidine mouthrinse in geriatric patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gerodontology 2012; 29:292-8. [PMID: 22486193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of a 0.2% alcohol-free chlorhexidine mouthwash applied twice a day during 30 days in patients over 65 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was made of 70 denture wearers over 65 years of age. The study subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two groups (chlorhexidine or placebo). The patients were instructed to complete a first whitening phase with a duration of 1 week, followed by a 30-day treatment period. The following data were collected: Silness and Löe plaque index, gingival index, the number of colony-forming units of Candida albicans at the start and end of treatment and the possible adverse effects of chlorhexidine. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in the evolution of the Silness and Löe plaque index and gingival index in the two groups, as well as in the number of colony-forming units of C. albicans between the start and end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the clinical benefits of antiplaque, antigingivitis mouthrinses in both study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia López-Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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28
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Gati D, Vieira AR. Elderly at greater risk for root caries: a look at the multifactorial risks with emphasis on genetics susceptibility. Int J Dent 2011; 2011:647168. [PMID: 21754932 PMCID: PMC3133477 DOI: 10.1155/2011/647168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Root caries is one of the most significant dental problems among older adults today. Many studies have demonstrated that older adults are at greater risk for developing root caries. Here we examine what risk factors older adults are prone to and explain how they contribute to higher rates of oral disease, in particular root caries. The elderly are at risk for root caries due to dentures, lack of dexterity, a shift from complex to simple sugars, and poor oral hygiene. Decreased salivary flow and its manifestations with other social/behavioral and medical factors may provide a more comprehensive explanation to a higher frequency of root caries in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gati
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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29
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Arslan S, Yazici AR, Gorucu J, Ertan A, Pala K, Ustun Y, Antonson SA, Antonson DE. Effects of different cavity disinfectants on shear bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011; 12:279-86. [PMID: 22186863 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This in vitro study evaluated the effect of different cavity disinfection agents on bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six caries-free human third mandibular molars sectioned in mesio-distal direction were mounted in acrylic resin with their flat dentin surfaces exposed. After the dentin surfaces were wet ground with # 600 silicon carbide paper, the teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups of 12 each according to the cavity disinfection agents; chlorhexidine (CHX); sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), propolis, ozone, Er,Cr:YSGG laser and no treatment (control). After treatment of dentin surfaces with one of these cavity disinfection agents, Filtek Silorane adhesive system was applied. The silorane-based resin composite, Filtek Silorane was condensed into a mold and polymerized. After storage at 37°C for 24 hours, the specimens were tested in shear mode at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The use of the tested cavity disinfection agents, chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, propolis, ozone and Er,Cr:YSGG laser did not significantly affect the dentin bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite, filtek supreme. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cavity disinfectant applications did not affect the dentin bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soley Arslan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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30
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Slot DE, Vaandrager NC, Van Loveren C, Van Palenstein Helderman WH, Van der Weijden GA. The effect of chlorhexidine varnish on root caries: a systematic review. Caries Res 2011; 45:162-73. [PMID: 21525751 DOI: 10.1159/000327374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the present literature on the effect of chlorhexidine varnish (CHX-V) on root caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE-PubMed, the Cochrane-CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched through December 2010 to identify any appropriate studies. Root caries incidence and root caries activity were selected as outcome variables. RESULTS An independent screening of the unique titles and abstracts of 24 MEDLINE-PubMed, 14 Cochrane-CENTRAL and 18 EMBASE papers resulted in 6 publications that met the eligibility criteria. Data extraction provided no conclusive evidence that the application of CHX-V is effective in patients when regular professional oral prophylaxis is performed. If effective, the 40% CHX-V was found to provide a benefit over a control or fluoride varnish. CHX-V at lower concentrations (1 and 10%) may provide protection against root caries in high-risk patients (such as geriatric and xerostomia patients) in the absence of regular professional oral prophylaxis. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this review, it may be concluded that in the absence of regular professional tooth cleaning and oral hygiene instructions, CHX-V may provide a beneficial effect in patients in need of special care. The strength of this recommendation is graded as 'weak'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rodrigues JA, Lussi A, Seemann R, Neuhaus KW. Prevention of crown and root caries in adults. Periodontol 2000 2010; 55:231-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Tan HP, Lo ECM, Dyson JE, Luo Y, Corbet EF. A randomized trial on root caries prevention in elders. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1086-90. [PMID: 20671206 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510375825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Root caries is common in institutionalized elders, and effective prevention methods are needed. This clinical trial compared the effectiveness of four methods in preventing new root caries. From 21 residential homes, 306 generally healthy elders having at least 5 teeth with exposed sound root surfaces were randomly allocated into one of four groups: (1) individualized oral hygiene instruction (OHI); (2) OHI and applications of 1% chlorhexidine varnish every 3 months; (3) OHI and applications of 5% sodium fluoride varnish every 3 months; and (4) OHI and annual applications of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution. Two-thirds (203/306) of the elders were followed for 3 years. Mean numbers of new root caries surfaces in the four groups were 2.5, 1.1, 0.9, and 0.7, respectively (ANOVA, p < 0.001). SDF solution, sodium fluoride varnish, and chlorhexidine varnish were more effective in preventing new root caries than giving OHI alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Tan
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Australia
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