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Souza VTFS, Cortez TV, Paschoini-Costa VL, Borsatto MC, Corona SAM, Souza-Gabriel AE. Effect of the calcium silicate and sodium phosphate remineralizing products on bleached enamel. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:577-583. [PMID: 38989498 PMCID: PMC11232766 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_167_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Context and Aims This study evaluated the effect of calcium silicate and sodium phosphate (CSSP) dentifrice and serum on the surface of enamel bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Materials and Methods A total of 160 bovine enamel slabs were bleached with 35% H2O2 and treated with sodium fluoride (NaF) dentifrice-GI, CSSP dentifrice-GII; CSSP dentifrice + CSSP serum-GIII, or NaF dentifrice + NaF gel-GIV. The dentifrices were applied using a brushing machine three times daily for 7 days. After brushing, sodium phosphate gel and CSSP serum were applied. The microhardness (KNH, n = 14), surface roughness (Ra, n = 14), energy dispersive spectroscopy (n = 6), and scanning electron microscopy (n = 6) were assessed at t0 (before bleaching), t1 (after bleaching), and t2 (after postbleaching treatments). Statistical Analysis Used The data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's test. Results The KNH decreased at t1 (P < 0.001) but recovered at t2 for all treatments, although only GII showed restored baseline values (P = 0.0109). The surface roughness increased at t1 (P < 0.001) and reduced at t2 (P < 0.001) for all groups, with no significant differences among groups. Enamel composition and morphology did not differ after the treatments, except for silicon accumulation in GIII. Conclusions Postbleaching treatment with CSSP dentifrice and serum yielded superior remineralizing effects on bleached enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Vinicius Cortez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Aydın N, Süloğlu AK, İdil N, Öztürk S, Karaoğlanoğlu S. Examination of cytotoxic and antimicrobial effect of whitening toothpastes: an in vitro study. Acta Odontol Scand 2024; 83:327-333. [PMID: 38801222 DOI: 10.2340/aos.v83.40774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toothpastes are widely used to protect oral and teeth health. This study aims to examine the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of whitening toothpastes. METHODS In this study, extracts were prepared according to ISO 10993-12:2021 standard (0.2 g/mL) using whitening and conventional toothpastes. The prepared extracts were added to human gingival fibroblast cell lines (HGF-1) in different dilutions (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32) and a cytotoxicity test was performed. Antimicrobial analysis of toothpastes was performed on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using the hole-plate diffusion method. Cell viability and microbial analysis data were examined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Toothpastes with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in their composition showed statistically more toxic effects (p < 0.05). The activated carbon toothpastes without SLS showed over 90% cell viability after dilution. Although the dilution rate of toothpastes containing SLS increased, cell viability remained below 70%. All toothpastes used in the study showed antimicrobial effects on S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide and SLS produced more antibacterial effects than activated carbon, blue covarine, microparticles, and conventional toothpaste. CONCLUSIONS SLS-containing toothpastes showed more toxicity on HGF-1 cells. Toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite did not show toxic effects on HGF-1 cells. SLS, sodium lauryl sarcosinate and hydrogen peroxide in toothpastes increase antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Aydın
- Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Kılıç Süloğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan İdil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selen Öztürk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. s
| | - Serpil Karaoğlanoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dental Treatment, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Hamza B, Martinola L, Körner P, Gubler A, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Effect of brushing force on the abrasive dentin wear using slurries with different abrasivity values. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:172-177. [PMID: 36057452 PMCID: PMC10086971 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the resulting abrasive dentin wear using abrasive slurries with different RDA values and applying increasing brushing forces. METHODS Forty-five bovine incisors were randomly allocated in three groups (A, B, C, n = 15). One hundred and eighty dentin samples were prepared from these incisors and allocated to twelve groups (A1-A4, B1-B4, C1-C4; n = 15). The groups were subjected to a brushing cycle (120 strokes/min, 25 min) as follows: groups A1 to A4 with an abrasive slurry (RDA = 71) applying increasing brushing forces (1, 2, 3 and 4 N). Groups B1 to B4 were brushed using an abrasive slurry (RDA = 85) and C1 to C4 (RDA = 133) applying the same above-mentioned brushing forces. Abrasive dentin wear was recorded using a stylus profilometer and compared amongst the groups using robust models. Pairwise comparisons in each model were tested and corrected after Tukey's method (α = 0.05). RESULTS Applying 1-N brushing force resulted in the same amount of abrasive dentin wear in all groups regardless of the abrasivity of the used slurry. Increasing the brushing force to 2 N resulted in statistically significantly higher abrasive wear in all groups. This increase in abrasive wear was much higher when the slurry with high abrasivity was used (RDA = 133) compared with the lower abrasive slurry (RDA = 71). CONCLUSION The abrasivity of the used slurry does not add to the resulting abrasive wear when the brushing force is kept at 1 N. It seems better to advise and help the patients (showing signs of non-carious cervical lesions) calibrating their brushing force to 1 N, than only to advise them to use toothpastes with lower abrasivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Martinola
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Körner
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Just Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Misilli T, Çarıkçıoğlu B, Deniz Y, Aktaş Ç. The impact of remineralization agents on dental bleaching efficacy and mineral loss in bleached enamel. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12905. [PMID: 36349560 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of remineralization agents on bleaching efficiency, enamel mineral changes, and post-bleaching color stability. A total of 112 enamel-dentin blocks were prepared from bovine teeth. Following initial color measurements, separate treatment regimens were carried out as follows: negative control (no treatment); positive control (bleaching only); bleaching, then NaF; bleaching + NaF (mix); bleaching, then CPP-ACPF; bleaching + CPP-ACPF (mix); bleaching, then nHAP+F; bleaching + nHAP+F (mix). Color measurements were repeated after immersion in distilled water for 7 days, and again after staining with coffee solution for 14 days. The CIELAB-based whiteness index was used to evaluate bleaching efficiency, and the CIEDE2000 color difference formula for color stability. Chemical investigation was performed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. The experimental groups showed significant increases in whiteness compared to the negative control, and the staining after bleaching did not result in statistically significant differences between the groups. Energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis revealed that bleaching protocols had no impact on elemental levels as well as the ratio of Ca/P. The combined use of bleaching agents with remineralization agents did not affect bleaching effectiveness but also did not provide an additional contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Misilli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Burak Çarıkçıoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Deniz
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Aktaş
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Ribeiro MES, Lopes RM, Aranha ACC, Medeiros IS, Lima RR, Souza Júnior MHSE, Loretto SC. Is prolonged bleaching more harmful to dental enamel than daily dietary and hygienic oral habits? Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e113. [PMID: 34816901 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultrastructural and mechanical properties of enamel surface were evaluated after prolonged bleaching treatments with 10% carbamide peroxide in the presence or absence of orange juice (erosive challenge) and toothbrushing (abrasive challenge). In total, 145 incisor bovine teeth were used in this study. Twenty-five samples were prepared for the ultrastructural evaluations, and 120 samples were prepared for microhardness and roughness tests. These 120 samples were divided into eight experimental groups (n = 15): G1- artificial saliva; G2- abrasion; G3- erosion; G4- dental bleaching; G5- erosion + abrasion; G6- bleaching + abrasion; G7- bleaching + erosion; and G8- bleaching + erosion + abrasion. All groups were tested at T0 (before treatment), T1 (14 days), T2 (21 days), and T3 (28 days). Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures and the post hoc Sidak tests (p ≤ 0.05) were used. The roughness evaluation demonstrated an increase in damage for all experimental groups with an increase in the time period. For microhardness, the groups exposed to artificial saliva (AS) and abrasive challenge did not show any differences at any time points, while the other groups showed a decrease in microhardness from T0 to T3. Ultrastructural evaluation showed different surface alterations in response to the treatments. Despite prolonged bleaching periods, the procedure caused lesser enamel surface alterations than exposure to orange juice alone or in combination with brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Eliane Soares Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Belém - PA, Brazil
| | - Raquel Marianna Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Studart Medeiros
- Universidade de São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Belém - PA, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Cordeiro Loretto
- Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Belém - PA, Brazil
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Hamza B, Kazimi M, Körner P, Attin T, Wegehaupt FJ. Effect of dentin pretreatment on the resulting abrasive dentin wear. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:295. [PMID: 34107938 PMCID: PMC8191038 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the influence of different dentin pretreatment procedures on the resulting abrasive dentin wear. Methods Two groups (A, B) of 60 dentin samples each were prepared. Group A was brushed with an abrasive slurry (RDA = 85) and group B with a different abrasive slurry (RDA = 174). Four subgroups in each group (n = 15) were created (A1–A4) and (B1–B4). The subgroups were pretreated as follows: A1 + B1 with 1200-grit grinding paper, A2 + B2 with 1200- and 2000-grit papers, A3 + B3 with 1200-, 2000-, and 4000-grit papers, A4 + B4 with 1200-, 2000-, 4000-grit papers and with 1000 brushing strokes with a slurry of Elmex toothpaste. All samples were brushed for 25 min at 120 strokes/min. Abrasive dentin wear was measured for each sample profilometrically and the subgroups were compared with each other within the same group. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the subgroups and pairwise contrasts were estimated for multiple testing according to Tukey (α = 0.05). Results The resulting abrasive dentin wear in group A ranged between 15.3 ± 3.4 µm and 17.3 ± 5.5 µm and between 20.3 ± 6.8 µm and 22.5 ± 2.6 µm in group B. No statistically significant difference was noticed between any subgroups within the same group (p ˃ 0.05). Conclusions Different dentin pretreatment procedures do not affect the resulting abrasive dentin wear independent of the RDA value of the employed abrasive slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marina Kazimi
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Körner
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Just Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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RODE SDM, SATO TDP, MATOS FDS, CORREIA AMDO, CAMARGO SEA. Toxicity and effect of whitening toothpastes on enamel surface. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e025. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Augusto MG, da Silva LFO, Scaramucci T, Aoki IV, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Protective effect of anti-erosive solutions enhanced by an aminomethacrylate copolymer. J Dent 2020; 105:103540. [PMID: 33249109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if an aminomethacrylate copolymer (AMC) could potentiate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride -F (225 ppm F-) and sodium fluoride associated to stannous chloride -FS (800 ppm Sn2+). METHODS The experimental solutions (F, FS, AMC, AMC + F, AMC + FS, and deionized water-DW as negative control) were tested in the presence of acquired pellicle. Polished bovine enamel specimens (n = 13/group) were submitted to an erosion-rehardening cycle (2 h immersion in human saliva, 5 min in 0.3 % citric acid, 1 h in human saliva, 4×/day, 5 days). Treatment with the solutions was performed for 2 min, 2×/day. The rehardening (%Re) and protective (%Prot) potential of the solutions were assessed in the beginning of the experiment, and the surface loss (SL) by contact profilometry after 5 days. Additional bovine specimens (n = 5/group) were prepared to evaluate the contact angle on the treated enamel surface. The zeta potential of the dispersed hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals after the treatment with the solutions was also measured (n = 3/group). Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS The association with AMC improved the %Re and the %Prot for W and F, but not for FS. The results of SL were: AMC + F = AMC + FS < AMC < FS < F < DW. The presence of AMC significantly reduced the contact angle on enamel surfaces. The HA presented a strong negative surface charge after the treatment with DW, F and FS, whereas after the treatment with the solutions containing AMC it became positive. CONCLUSION AMC has potential to enhance the anti-erosive effect of fluoride solutions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The aminomethacrylate copolymer (AMC) may be a promising agent to be added to oral care products for the prevention of erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Oliveira da Silva
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo University - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Polytechnic School, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Hong DW, Lin XJ, Wiegand A, Yu H. Does delayed toothbrushing after the consumption of erosive foodstuffs or beverages decrease erosive tooth wear? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:4169-4183. [PMID: 33052542 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Controversy exists regarding the effectiveness of delayed toothbrushing in decreasing erosive tooth wear (ETW). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of delayed toothbrushing on ETW. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020200463). PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched with no publication year limits. Screening and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. In situ and in vitro studies comparing ETW after delayed and immediate toothbrushing following an erosive attack were included. Review Manager software 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) was used for statistical analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. RESULTS Of the 565 potentially relevant studies, 26 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Twelve articles were included in the systematic review, and 11 were included in the qualitative analyses. No significant difference in the ETW of human enamel was observed between delayed and immediate toothbrushing (P = 0.13), whereas significantly less ETW of bovine enamel was observed after delayed toothbrushing (P < 0.001). No significant difference in the ETW of bovine dentin was observed between delayed and immediate toothbrushing (P = 0.34). Studies on human dentin were not available. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant contribution of the use of fluoridated toothpaste to decreasing the ETW of human enamel after erosion and toothbrush abrasion (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Bovine and human teeth behaved differently in response to erosion and toothbrush abrasion. Delayed toothbrushing after an erosive attack was not effective at decreasing the ETW of human enamel compared to immediate toothbrushing, whereas it was effective at decreasing the ETW of bovine enamel. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Delayed toothbrushing alone after the consumption of erosive foodstuffs or beverages is not capable of preventing erosive enamel wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Wei Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Jiao Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. .,Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
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Pinelli MDM, Catelan A, de Resende LFM, Soares LES, Aguiar FHB, Liporoni PCS. Chemical composition and roughness of enamel and composite after bleaching, acidic beverages and toothbrushing. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e1175-e1180. [PMID: 31824600 PMCID: PMC6894915 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study was assessed the surface roughness and chemical composition of tooth enamel and composite resin after bleaching treatment, immersion in acidic beverages, and simulated toothbrushing. Material and Methods One hundred and twenty dental blocks (10 x 10 x 3 mm) were randomly assigned (n = 10) according to surface treatment [none (N), bleaching (B), toothbrushing (T), and B+T] and storage medium [saliva (S), whiskey (W), and orange juice (O)]: experimental groups - N+S, N+W, N+O, B+S, B+W, B+O, S+T, W+T, O+T, B+S+T, B+W+T, and B+O+T. Two bleaching sessions were conducted using 38% hydrogen peroxide (3 applications). Surface roughness was measured using a roughness tester and composition was determined by micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µ-EDXRF) before and after treatments. Calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio in enamel and silica (Si) content in composite were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results Overall, increased values of surface roughness for enamel and composite were observed mainly after immersion in orange juice and bleaching/toothbrushing association. Moreover, this association and immersion in whiskey resulted in lower Ca/P ratio and after aging methods, bleached and bleached/toothbrushed groups showed decreased in Ca/P ratio compared to initial values. All groups showed Si content decrease at the end, except the group without surface treatment and immersed in saliva, and bleaching followed by immersion in orange juice and toothbrushing caused the highest Si reduction. Conclusions Bleaching and toothbrushing combination strengthened the effects caused by acidic drinks on roughness and chemical composition of enamel and composite. Key words:Tooth bleaching, toothbrushing, physical properties, chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anderson Catelan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.,Assistant Professor, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luís-Eduardo-Silva Soares
- Assistant Professor, Laboratory of Dentistry and Applied Materials (LDAM), Research and Development Institute (IP&D), University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio-Henrique-Baggio Aguiar
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Muntean A, Sava S, Delean AG, Mihailescu AM, Dumitrescu LS, Moldovan M, Festila DG. Toothpaste Composition Effect on Enamel Chromatic and Morphological Characteristics: In Vitro Analysis. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12162610. [PMID: 31426296 PMCID: PMC6720655 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of toothpastes, with different compositions, on optical and morphological features of sound and demineralized enamel. We selected twenty-five teeth, recently extracted for orthodontic purposes, for this in vitro study. The teeth were caries free, without stains, fissures, filling or hypoplasia observed at inspection under standard conditions. Teeth were brushed (for 2–3 min, twice a day, for 21 days), with five different toothpastes (four commercially available and an experimental one) containing fluoride and hydroxyapatite. After that, teeth were demineralized with 37% orthophosforic acid (Ultra Etch®, Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA) for 60 s. We repeated the brushing protocol for another 21 days on demineralized enamel. Enamel vestibular surfaces were examined using a spectrophotometer (Vita EasyShade -Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) and a Scanning Electron Microscope (Inspect S®, FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR, USA). Differences were statistically significant for colour parameters L* and ΔE*. SEM evaluation reveals demineralized enamel mineral gain after brushing with selected toothpastes. Toothpastes with specific ingredients can represent a balance between aesthetic and mineralization, and an oral hygiene correct algorithm is able to preserve enamel characteristics during ortodontic treatement with fixed appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina Muntean
- Paediatric Dentistry Department 2, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 31 A. Iancu Street, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorina Sava
- Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Department 4, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 15 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ada Gabriela Delean
- Conservative Dentistry Department 2, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 33 Motilor Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Mihailescu
- Oral Rehabilitation Department 3, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 15 V. Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Silaghi Dumitrescu
- Department of Polymeric Composites, Babes-Bolyai University, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, 30 Fantanele Str., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Department of Polymeric Composites, Babes-Bolyai University, Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, 30 Fantanele Str., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Gabriela Festila
- Orthodontics Department 1, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 31 A. Iancu Street, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Torres CRG, Zanatta RF, Silva TJ, Borges AB. Effect of Calcium and Fluoride Addition to Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Gel On Tooth Diffusion, Color, and Microhardness. Oper Dent 2019; 44:424-432. [DOI: 10.2341/18-113-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium and fluoride addition to a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel with regard to its diffusion through the tooth structure, enamel microhardness, and bleaching efficacy.
Methods and Materials:
Eighty specimens (6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height; 1 mm/enamel and 1 mm/dentin) were obtained from bovine incisors that were polished and divided into four groups (n=20) according to the remineralizing agent added to the gel: Ca = 0.5% calcium gluconate; F = 0.2% sodium fluoride; Ca+F = 0.5% calcium gluconate and 0.2% sodium fluoride; and control = no agent. Initial microhardness and color were assessed. The samples were positioned over simulated pulpal chambers filled with acetate buffer solution to capture the HP. Gels were applied over enamel for 30 minutes, and HP diffusion was assessed by spectrophotometry two hours after bleaching. Microhardness was measured immediately after bleaching and then the specimens were immersed into artificial saliva for seven days for final color assessment. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test.
Results:
Bleaching reduced microhardness for all groups (p=0.0001), but the Ca+F and F groups showed lower reductions after bleaching. The addition of Ca, F, and Ca+F decreased the peroxide penetration through the tooth structure (p=0.0001), but there were no differences in color change for ΔL (p=0.357), Δa (p=0.061), Δb (p=0.823), and ΔE (p=0.581).
Conclusion:
The addition of calcium and fluoride in the gel did not affect bleaching efficacy, but it was able to reduce both the peroxide diffusion and the bleached enamel microhardness loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- CRG Torres
- Carlos RG Torres, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - RF Zanatta
- Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta, DDS, MS, PhD, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP; Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - TJ Silva
- Tatiane Josefa Silva, DDS, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - AB Borges
- Alessandra B Borges, DDS, PhD, associate professor, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University–UNESP, Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Crastechini E, Borges AB, Torres CRG. Effect of Remineralizing Gels on Microhardness, Color and Wear Susceptibility of Bleached Enamel. Oper Dent 2019; 44:76-87. [DOI: 10.2341/17-150-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of a remineralizing gel combining fluoride and calcium silicate/phosphate or a sodium fluoride gel on bleached enamel microhardness, color, and wear susceptibility.
Methods and Materials:
Two hundred forty bovine enamel-dentin samples were prepared. Baseline analysis of Knoop microhardness, color coordinates (L*a*b*), and surface profile were performed. According to the baseline microhardness values, specimens were stratified into six groups (n=40): NC (negative control)—no treatment; BL (positive control)—bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel (Opalescence Boost, Ultradent); BL/Rs—bleaching + application of calcium silicate/phosphate gel (Regenerate Serum, Unilever - Rs); Rs/BL—Rs + bleaching; Rs/BL/Rs—Rs + bleaching + Rs; and BL/F—bleaching + 2% sodium fluoride gel. After the treatment described for each group, color change (ΔE) and microhardness were evaluated again. To evaluate abrasion susceptibility, samples were randomly divided into two subgroups, according to the toothpaste used (Cp—Close Up or Rt—Regenerate), and underwent 100,000 brushing strokes. The profile of each sample was evaluated and the mean wear calculated. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Results:
All bleached groups showed a significant reduction of microhardness in relation to the negative control. The groups treated with remineralizing gels showed a significantly higher microhardness and less wear than the positive control, although nonsignificant differences were observed among them. Nonsignificant differences in ΔE were found among bleached groups. The groups brushed with Regenerate toothpaste showed significantly less wear than those brushed with Close Up toothpaste.
Conclusions:
The remineralizing gels did not interfere with bleaching efficacy. However, all the treatments minimized the surface hardness reduction caused by the bleaching procedure and enamel loss after abrasion. Regenerate toothpaste resulted in less enamel abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Crastechini
- Érica Crastechini, DDS, MSc, PhD, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - AB Borges
- Alessandra Bühler Borges, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry
| | - CRG Torres
- Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, DDS, PhD, associate professor, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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14
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Sorozini M, Dos Reis Perez C, Rocha GM. Enamel sample preparation for AFM: Influence on roughness and morphology. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1071-1076. [PMID: 30295354 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human dental enamel is organized by prisms that are structured between 3 and 6 µm in diameter. Determining the relationships between different treatments on the surface of enamel using ultrastructural analysis is the purpose of many in vitro experiments. Different sample pretreatments have been reported in the literature. Grinding and polishing are common procedures for enamel preparation. They provide a flat and standardized surface, which is imperative for the use of some techniques such as ATR-FTIR. However, for morphological analysis, SEM and AFM represent easier methods to measure and reduce the biological sample variation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish how different forms of enamel preparation can influence the advent of artifacts during ultrastructural observation, especially by AFM analysis. Four groups (n = 10) were tested: (a) without preparation; (b) polishing with a diamond paste; (c) grinding with decreasing granulations of silicon carbide papers; (d) grinding with polishing. Images were obtained using the Peak-Force Tapping mode. After the first images were obtained, all fragments were acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, rinsed for 60 seconds, and dried intensively. Upon grinding and polishing, the exposure of the inner enamel surfaces provided a less mineralized layer that was marked by scratches and a higher susceptibility to treatments. Moreover, using native enamel provided more valuable information on the surface and the roughness changes for clinical applications. In addition, phosphoric acid is an option for observing the prismatic arrangement after grinding and/or polishing changes the morphology. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The use of native enamel samples to investigate the effects of different treatments on surface should be preferred in research, when the technique allows it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sorozini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesar Dos Reis Perez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Miranda Rocha
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Physics Laboratory, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Silva EMD, Maia JNDSMD, Mitraud CG, Russo JDES, Poskus LT, Guimarães JGA. Can whitening toothpastes maintain the optical stability of enamel over time? J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20160460. [PMID: 29412362 PMCID: PMC5777417 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the effects on the health of individuals, cigarette smoking can also interfere with the appearance of their teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Laboratório Analítico de Biomateriais Restauradores, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Carine Gnatiuk Mitraud
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Laboratório Analítico de Biomateriais Restauradores, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juliana do Espírito Santo Russo
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Laboratório Analítico de Biomateriais Restauradores, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Laiza Tatiana Poskus
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Laboratório Analítico de Biomateriais Restauradores, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - José Guilherme Antunes Guimarães
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Laboratório Analítico de Biomateriais Restauradores, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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