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Al-Zain AO, Ismail EH, Balhaddad AA, Toras O, Alharthy Y, Alsultan R, Alrossais A, Price RB. Evaluation of the information provided in the instruction manuals of dental light-curing units. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:1466-1476. [PMID: 39082969 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the completeness and accuracy of information in LCU instruction manuals from 40 manufacturers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Instruction manuals from 40 LCUs (20 from leading manufacturers and 20 budget units) were reviewed. Twenty-eight parameters across five categories were assessed using a binary scale (0=incorrect/missing, 1=correct). The categories and their respective evaluation scores were: LCU characteristics (43%), instructions for use (7%), safety precautions (14%), maintenance recommendations (29%), and regulatory certification (7%). These scores were combined to produce a final score. RESULTS Scores from leading manufacturers ranged between 46-86%, while the budget category ranged from 18-68%. All manuals provided information about the wavelength/spectrum of the LCU. Only Valo X and Valo Cordless reported power values and used the term "irradiance" instead of "intensity." Details such as LED type and active tip emission area were often missing. Instructions on how to use the LCU to photo-cure resins were frequently limited. Although most manuals addressed safety precautions, several lacked details on heat issues and general health precautions. All manuals included maintenance instructions, though information on replacement parts was often missing. Among the LCUs, 85% stated they were CE certified, 32% held both FDA and CE certification, and 63% claimed compliance with ISO and/or IEC standards. CONCLUSIONS There were notable differences in the completeness and accuracy of the instruction manuals. Manuals from major manufacturers generally provided more comprehensive information than their budget counterparts. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Instruction manuals should contain accurate information to help clinicians deliver the highest standard of care. The lack of important information about the LCUs in the manuals is concerning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan O Al-Zain
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman H Ismail
- Department of Clinical Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah Toras
- Dental Students, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif Alharthy
- Dental Students, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafa Alsultan
- Interns, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Alrossais
- Interns, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard B Price
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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He X, Zhang D, Deng S. Effect of duration and infection control barriers of light curing unit on hardness of Bulk Fill composite resin. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18021. [PMID: 39346077 PMCID: PMC11439374 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the impact of the duration of light curing unit (LCU) usage and the use of infection control barriers on the hardness of Bulk Fill composite resin after curing. The hypotheses were that extended usage of the LCU would not reduces its output power and resin hardness, and that the presence of polyethylene film barriers exacerbates the reduction in resin hardness. Methods Based on the absence or presence of polyethylene film (PE) and the number of layers used, a 3M LED curing light (EliparTM DeepCure-S; 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) was divided into three groups: PE0, PE1, and PE3. The curing light was used 30 times daily for 20 s per exposure, at frequencies of 0, 6, and 12 months. Maximum output power tests were conducted for each group of curing lights. Custom-made plastic modules were used to stack Bulk Fill composite resin (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative; 3M ESPE) to a thickness of 4 mm. Each group of curing lights was used to cure the modules in a direct contact manner for 20 s. Vickers hardness measurements were taken at the top and bottom surfaces of the resin specimens using a digital microhardness tester. A one-way or two-way ANOVA analyzed the power of LCUs, Vickers hardness of Bulk Fill composite resin, and hardness decrease percentage across groups. Pairwise comparisons used the Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results As the duration of usage increased, both the power of the curing light and the hardness of the resin significantly decreased. Significant differences were observed in power and resin hardness among the PE0, PE1, and PE3 groups. When the duration of usage was 6 months or less, only multi-layered PE films led to a significant increase in the percentage decrease of hardness of cured resin from top to bottom. However, at 12 months, both single-layer and multi-layered PE films resulted in a significant increase in the percentage decrease of hardness of cured resin from top to bottom. Conclusion The output power of the light curing unit decreases with prolonged usage, thereby failing to meet the curing requirements of Bulk Fill composite resin. The use of single-layer PE as an infection control barrier is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin He
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, zhejiang university, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Denghui Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, zhejiang university, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, zhejiang university, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hasan SAA, Al-Shami IZ, Al-Hamzi MA, Alwadai GS, Alamoudi NA, Alqahtani SA, Daghrery A, Alaajam WH, Shariff M, Kinani HM, Al Moaleem MM. Evaluation of Radiant Power of the Light Curing Units Used in Clinics at Governmental and Privates Dental Faculties. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2024; 17:301-310. [PMID: 39219988 PMCID: PMC11363918 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s478042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the radiant power of the light cure units (LCUs) in relation to their type, radiant exitance, number of years in clinical use, and condition of LCUs tips in governmental and public clinics in Dental Faculties in Sana'a City. Materials and Methods LCUs were collected from different colleges at Sanaa City, Yemen, then LCU data as type, clinical age (<1 year, between 1-5 and ˃ 5-years), tip condition was visually inspected for damage and adhering debris, and the radiant exitance values of the tested LCUs. Radiant exitance values were subcategorized into three groups: <400, 400-850, and >850 mW/cm², labeled as inadequate, marginal, and adequate radiant exitances, respectively. A Woodpecker radiometer was used with a mode lasting of 20 seconds was used with each LCU. Descriptive statistics of the different parameters were evaluated with SPSS version 25. One-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to determine the mean difference between the groups with a significance value of ˂ 0.05 was considered. Results Two hundred twenty-three LCUs were surveyed, and the majority were Light-emitting diode (LED). Forty-nine (21.9%), 117 (52.4%), 57 (25.6%) recorded lesser than, 400-850, and more than 850 mW/cm², respectively. Radiant exitances of < year-old units were found to be higher than those of units used for ˃ 5 years with significant differences (p=0.001). The ANOVA test showed significant differences between the radiant exitance with clinical age and LCU tip conditions and a strong correlation p ˃ 0.050. Conclusion LED curing lights were the most used in the tested Dental Faculties. More than half of the used LCU offered sufficient radiant exitance. Clinical age, the presence or absence of composite buildups, and damage to curing tips showed significantly affect radiant exitance values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Zaid Al-Shami
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Mohsen Ali Al-Hamzi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Ghadeer Saleh Alwadai
- Department: Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Ahmad Alamoudi
- Department: Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Ali Alqahtani
- Department: Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Daghrery
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa H Alaajam
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Mansoor Shariff
- Prosthetic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Vargas RDP, Machado AC, da Silva GR, Miranda ADS, Campolina MG, Santos-Filho PCF, Menezes MDS. Influence of different finishing, aging with coffee, and repolishing protocols on the properties of nanoparticle composite resins. J Clin Exp Dent 2024; 16:e724-e732. [PMID: 39130361 PMCID: PMC11310979 DOI: 10.4317/jced.61653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the variability of finishing protocols for composite resins, the literature does not offer a consensus about the influence of these approaches to obtain a final polishing and whether the physical properties of these composite resins change at different analysis times. Therefore, the study analyzed the microhardness, roughness, color stability, and gloss of a nanocomposite resin with different finishing, aging with coffee, and repolishing protocols. Material and Methods Nanocomposite resin samples were divided into three finishing protocol groups: Diamond burs (F and FF), multi-fluted tungsten carbide burs (18 and 30 flutes), and coarse and medium abrasive discs (Soflex-3M). All protocols used spiral rubber tips (F and FF) for polishing. Knoop microhardness (KHN), roughness (Ra), color changes (ΔE00 and YI), and gloss (GU) were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy provided images of resins and finishing and polishing instruments. Results Resin KHN (p<0.001) decreased, and Ra (p<0.001), ΔE00 (p<0.001), and YI (p<0.001) increased after aging with coffee, regardless of finishing protocol. Abrasive discs showed lower color changes, YI, and Ra and higher GU. Repolishing restored KHN and Ra but not ΔE00 (p>0.05) and YI (p>0.05). Conclusions Abrasive disc finishing reduced roughness and yellowness and increased nanocomposite resin gloss after aging with coffee. Key words:Color, Composite resins, Dental materials, Staining, Surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata-de Paula Vargas
- DDS, MS, Graduate student. Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre-Coelho Machado
- DDS, MS, PhD. Professor. Basic, Technical, and Technological Education, Technical School of Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gisele-Rodrigues da Silva
- DDS, MS, PhD. Professor. Division of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda-de Souza Miranda
- Graduate student. School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Murilo-Guimarães Campolina
- MS, Graduate student. Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo-César-Freitas Santos-Filho
- DDS, MS, PhD. Professor. Division of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Murilo-de Sousa Menezes
- DDS, MS, PhD. Professor. Division of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Oliveira H, Ribeiro M, Oliveira G, Peres TS, Bragança GF, Silva GR, Soares CJ. Mechanical and Optical Characterization of Single-shade Resin Composites Used in Posterior Teeth. Oper Dent 2024; 49:210-221. [PMID: 38349816 DOI: 10.2341/22-112-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the optical and mechanical performance of two single-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) compared to those of a conventional RBC for restoring posterior teeth. METHODS Two single-shade RBCs, Omnichroma (Tukoyama) and Vittra Unique APS (FGM), and a conventional RBC, Filtek Z350XT shade A2 (3M Oral Care), were evaluated in this study. The optical shade-matching performance was measured using a spectrophotometer. The light emitted by VALO Grand (Ultradent) and transmitted through the 2.0-mm RBC specimens was evaluated using beam profiling. Knoop hardness (KH, N/mm2), degree of conversion (DC, %) at the top and bottom, flexural strength (FS, MPa), elastic modulus (E, GPa), postgel shrinkage (Shr, %), and shrinkage stress (MPa) were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the filler. Data for FS, E, and Shr were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and KH and DC by repeated one-way ANOVA measurement followed by Tukey test (α=0.05). The modified von Mises stress values, light transmission, and SEM images were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS All single-shade RBCs exhibited higher chromatic adaptation than the Filtek Z350XT (p<0.001). Omnichroma exhibited less color difference than Vittra Unique APS, irrespective of the shade. The light transmitted through Omnichroma and Vittra Unique APS increased during polymerization. KH and DC values were significantly reduced from the top to the bottom of the specimens for all RBCs (p<0.001); however, the ratio values were always higher than 80%. In general, all RBCs demonstrated similar mechanical properties. All RBCs exhibited a similar FS (p=0.083) and Shr value (p=0.144). Filtek Z350XT exhibited significantly higher E (p<0.001) than both single-shade RBCs. All RBCs exhibited similar shrinkage stress during restoration and similar residual stress during occlusal loading. CONCLUSIONS Single-shade Omnichroma and Vittra Unique APS increased light transmission during light-activation, demonstrating better chromatic adaptation than conventional Filtek Z350XT. In general, Omnichroma and Vittra Unique APS exhibited similar mechanical properties and shrinkage stress distributions as Filtek Z350XT during light-activation and occlusal loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlq Oliveira
- Helena Letícia Quirino Oliveira, DDS, MSc, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mth Ribeiro
- Maria Tereza Hordones Ribeiro, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G Oliveira
- Gabriella Oliveira, DDS student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T S Peres
- Thiago Silva Peres, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G F Bragança
- Gabriel Felipe Bragança, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G R Silva
- Gisele Rodrigues Silva, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C J Soares
- *Carlos J Soares, DDS, MS, PhD, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Utilizing Light Cure Units: A Concise Narrative Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101596. [PMID: 34063428 PMCID: PMC8157231 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of photo-curable resin composite restorations is an essential treatment modality in modern dental practice. The success and longevity of these restorations depend on achieving predictable and effective polymerization. Understanding the dynamics of the polymerization and the effect of light cure units (LCUs) on this process is paramount. The goal of this concise narrative review is to provide a simplified presentation of basic principles of composite chemistry, polymerization reactions, and photo-curing with relevant terminologies. Clinical guidelines for choosing and maintaining LCUs, as well as safety precautions and factors under the control of the clinician are listed. Finally, clinical recommendations of LCUs’ usage and monitoring are included to aid practitioners in achieving predictable polymerization during the placement of direct resin composite restorations.
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