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Miranda SB, Lins RBE, Santi MR, Denucci GC, Silva CCS, da Silva SDFF, Marques DDAV, Montes MAJR. Effect of Rapid High-Intensity Light-Curing on Increasing Transdentinal Temperature and Cell Viability: An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1466. [PMID: 38891413 PMCID: PMC11175155 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated effects of rapid high-intensity light-curing (3 s) on increasing transdentinal temperature and cell viability. METHODS A total of 40 dentin discs (0.5 mm) obtained from human molars were prepared, included in artificial pulp chambers (4.5 × 5 mm), and subjected to four light-curing protocols (n = 5), with a Valo Grand light curing unit: (i) 10 s protocol with a moderate intensity of 1000 mW/cm2 (Valo-10 s); (ii) 3 s protocol with a high intensity of 3200 mW/cm2 (Valo-3 s); (iii) adhesive system + Filtek Bulk-Fill Flow bulk-fill composite resin in 10 s (FBF-10 s); (iv) adhesive system + Tetric PowerFlow bulk-fill composite resin in 3 s (TPF-3 s). Transdentinal temperature changes were recorded with a type K thermocouple. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests for comparison between experimental groups (p < 0.05). RESULTS The 3 s high-intensity light-curing protocol generated a higher temperature than the 10 s moderate-intensity standard (p < 0.001). The Valo-10 s and Valo-3 s groups demonstrated greater cell viability than the FBF-10s and TPF-3 s groups and statistical differences were observed between the Valo-3 s and FBF-10 s groups (p = 0.023) and Valo-3 s and TPF-3 s (p = 0.025), with a potential cytotoxic effect for the FBF-10 s and TPF-3 s groups. CONCLUSIONS The 3 s rapid high-intensity light-curing protocol of bulk-fill composite resins caused a temperature increase greater than 10 s and showed cell viability similar to and comparable to the standard protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Rodrigues Santi
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Giovanna Corrêa Denucci
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Cleyton Cézar Souto Silva
- Department of Clinical Nurse, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58058-600, Paraíba, Brazil;
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Klarić E, Bosnić JV, Par M, Tarle Z, Marovic D. One-Year Evaluation of High-Power Rapid Curing on Dentin Bond Strength. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2297. [PMID: 38793364 PMCID: PMC11122907 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 3 s light-curing with a high-power LED curing unit on the shear bond strength of bulk-fill composites. Four bulk-fill composites were bonded to dentin with a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Plus): two materials designed for rapid curing (Tetric PowerFill and Tetric PowerFlow) and two controls (Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative and SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable). The 4 mm composite layer was light-cured with Bluephase PowerCure for 20 s at 1000 mW/cm2 ("20 s") or for 3 s at 3000 mW/cm2 ("3 s"). The samples were stored at 37 °C in distilled water and tested after 1, 6 and 12 months. The samples polymerised in the "3 s" mode had statistically similar or higher bond strength than the samples cured in "20 s" mode, except for the Tetric PowerFlow (1 month) and SDR+ (6 month). The flowable materials Tetric PowerFlow and SDR Plus initially showed the highest values in the "3 s" and "20 s" groups, which decreased after 12 months. The bond strength was statistically similar for all materials and curing protocols after 12 months, except for Tetric PowerFill cured with the "3 s" protocol (21.22 ± 5.0 MPa), which showed the highest value. Tetric PowerFill showed the highest long-term bond strength. While "3 s" curing resulted in equal or better shear bond strength, its use can only be recommended for a material with an AFCT agent such as Tetric PowerFill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klarić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.); (M.P.); (Z.T.)
| | | | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.); (M.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.); (M.P.); (Z.T.)
| | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.K.); (M.P.); (Z.T.)
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Hamza B, Eliades T, Attin T, Schwendener S, Karygianni L. Initial bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on novel restorative materials used in paediatric dentistry. Dent Mater 2024; 40:573-579. [PMID: 38350744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the initial bacterial adherence and biofilm formation on novel restorative materials in paediatric dentistry and compare the results to stainless steel crown and primary enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five samples (Diameter = 4 mm) from five restorative materials (Tetric Power Fill light cured for 3 s or 10 s, Fuji II LC, Equia Forte HT Fil, Cention Forte, Stainless-steel crown) and primary enamel were prepared. Four samples served for recording of surface roughness (Ra) using a contact profilometer, 21 samples were incubated in stimulated human saliva for 2 h (initial bacterial adherence) and 72 h (biofilm formation) and served to determine ion releasing and bacterial growth. After 2 and 72 h, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) per ml was counted and expressed in Log10 CFU/ml. Data were analysed with two-way ANOVA and Tuckey's multiple comparisons test (p < 0.05). RESULTS All tested materials showed similar initial bacterial adherence (p > 0.1). Stainless steel crown showed statistically significantly less biofilm formation than all other tested materials (p ≤ 0.02), except for Fuji II LC (p = 0.06). In terms of biofilm formation, the differences between all tested materials were not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.9). SIGNIFICANCE Novel restorative materials in paediatric dentistry show similar initial bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. However, compared to other restorative materials, stainless steel crowns demonstrate the lowest level of biofilm formation. Ion-releasing materials may not necessarily show better antimicrobial properties than conventional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sybille Schwendener
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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de Boer M, Zimmermann M, Attin T, Tauböck TT, Hamza B. Marginal Integrity of Simplified Adhesive Strategies in Primary Teeth. Int Dent J 2023; 73:881-888. [PMID: 37385864 PMCID: PMC10658436 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of simplified adhesive strategies (self-etch vs selective enamel etch and 10- vs 20-second adhesive application time) on the marginal integrity in primary molars. METHODS Forty deep class-II cavities were prepared in 40 extracted primary molars. The molars were divided into 4 groups based on the applied universal adhesive strategy as follows: groups 1 and 2: selective enamel etch with 20- or 10-second application time and groups 3 and 4: self-etch with 20- or 10-second application time. All cavities were restored with a sculptable bulk-fill composite restoration. The restorations underwent a thermomechanical loading (TML, 5-50 °C, 2-minute dwelling time, ×1000; 400,000 loading cycles, 1.7 Hz, 49 N). Marginal analysis before and after TML was conducted with scanning electron microscopy and the marginal integrity of each restoration was calculated as a percentage of continuous margins. A beta regression model was adopted to statistically analyse the data with a consequent pairwise comparison. RESULTS The mean marginal integrity (% ± SD) of the restorations for each tested adhesive strategy after TML was as follows: selective enamel etch/20 seconds = 85.4 ± 3.9, self-etch/20 seconds = 85.3 ± 5.2, self-etch/10 seconds = 80.1 ± 8.2, and selective enamel etch/10 seconds = 80.0 ± 8.5. The difference between both adhesive strategies was not statistically significant at the same application time. The difference between both application times within the same adhesive strategy was statistically significant (P ≤ .01). CONCLUSIONS Universal adhesives applied either in selective enamel etch or in self-etch mode result in comparable marginal integrities when restoring class-II cavities in primary molars. Shortened adhesive application time (10 seconds) could lead to a reduction in the marginal integrity in comparison to the recommended application time of 20 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia de Boer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Zimmermann
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Frank J, Tauböck TT, Zimmermann M, Attin T, Hamza B. Influence of high-irradiance light curing on the marginal integrity of composite restorations in primary teeth. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:569. [PMID: 37574544 PMCID: PMC10424382 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing the necessary time to restore primary teeth improves the cooperation of paediatric patients. This study aimed to investigate the marginal integrity of restorations prepared with a bulk-fill resin-based composite (RBC) containing additional fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) compared to a conventional RBC when light cured with a rapid high-irradiance (3 s) and a regular (10 s) curing mode. METHODS Forty class-II cavities were prepared in 40 primary molars. The molars were randomly divided into four groups based on the applied light-curing modes (regular: 10 s @ 1200 mW/cm2 or high-irradiance: 3 s @ 3000 mW/cm2) and the used restorative material (AFCT-containing bulk-fill RBC "Power Fill" or AFCT-free conventional RBC "Prime"). After thermo-mechanical loading, the marginal integrity was analysed using scanning electron microscopy. A beta regression model and pairwise comparisons were used to statistically analyse the data. RESULTS The mean marginal integrity (% ± SD) of the restorations for each group was as follows: Power Fill (10 s: 79.7 ± 15.6) (3 s: 77.6 ± 11.3), Prime (10 s: 69.7 ± 11.1) (3 s: 75.0 ± 9.7). The difference between the RBCs for the same light-curing mode was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The difference between the light-curing modes for the same RBC was not statistically significant (p ˃ 0.5). CONCLUSIONS AFCT-containing bulk-fill RBC "Power Fill" achieves similar marginal integrity when light-cured with either high-irradiance or regular light-curing modes. "Power Fill" achieves better marginal integrity than the conventional RBC "Prime" regardless of the applied light-curing mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Frank
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Zimmermann
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland.
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Negovetic Mandic V, Par M, Marovic D, Rakić M, Tarle Z, Klarić Sever E. Blue Laser for Polymerization of Bulk-Fill Composites: Influence on Polymerization Kinetics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:303. [PMID: 36678057 PMCID: PMC9864537 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the polymerization kinetics of bulk-fill resin composites cured with a LED-curing device and a diode laser (449 nm). Three bulk-fill composites were light-cured with constant radiation exposure at 10 J/cm2 by varying radiant exitance and curing time. The following three light-curing protocols were used: (I) 3300 mW/cm2 for 3 s; (II) 2000 mW/cm2 for 5 s; and (III) 1000 mW/cm2 for 10 s. The degree of conversion (DC) was monitored in real time at a data acquisition rate of 2 spectra/s over a 5-min period and again after seven days using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. DC amounted to 30.9-61.7% at 4-mm depth after 5 min. DC values of two sculptable composites were significantly higher with the laser, regardless of the curing protocol used, but not for the flowable composite. The maximum polymerization rate (2.0-22.1%/s) was less affected by the type of curing device for one of the composites, while the other two composites achieved significantly higher values when cured with the laser. Laser curing generally increased the DC and the maximum polymerization rate while it shortened the onset of the maximum reaction rate. New handheld laser devices with adjustable power have the potential to be used as a photopolymerization light source for new generations of bulk-fill composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visnja Negovetic Mandic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eva Klarić Sever
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Steffen T, Par M, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Effect of Fast High-Irradiance Photo-Polymerization of Resin Composites on the Dentin Bond Strength. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7467. [PMID: 36363058 PMCID: PMC9655088 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of conventional (10 s at 1160 mW/cm2) and fast high-irradiance (3 s at 2850 mW/cm2) light curing on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of bulk-fill resin composites bonded to human dentin. Sixty-four extracted human molars were ground to dentin and randomly assigned into eight groups (n = 8 per group). After application of a three-step adhesive system (Optibond FL), four different bulk-fill composites (two sculptable and two flowable composites) were placed. Of these, one sculptable (Tetric PowerFill) and one flowable (Tetric PowerFlow) composite were specifically developed for fast high-irradiance light curing. Each composite was polymerized with the conventional or the fast high-irradiance light-curing protocol. The specimens were cut into dentin-composite sticks, μTBS was determined and failure modes were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test for independent observations and one-way ANOVA. A statistical difference between the curing protocols was only found for Tetric PowerFlow, where the conventional protocol (23.8 ± 4.2 MPa) led to significantly higher values than the fast high-irradiance light-curing protocol (18.7 ± 3.7 MPa). All other composite materials showed statistically similar values for both polymerization protocols. In conclusion, the use of fast high-irradiation light curing has no negative influence on the μTBS of the investigated high-viscosity bulk-fill composites. However, it may reduce the dentin bond strength of flowable bulk-fill composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Steffen
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T. Tauböck
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Polymerization Kinetics and Development of Polymerization Shrinkage Stress in Rapid High-Intensity Light-Curing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163296. [PMID: 36015552 PMCID: PMC9415313 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated polymerization kinetics, linear shrinkage, and shrinkage stress development for six contemporary composite materials of different viscosities cured using radiant exitances of 1100–2850 mW/cm2. Real-time measurements of degree of conversion, linear shrinkage, and shrinkage stress were performed over 5 min using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, a custom-made linometer, and a custom-made stress analyzer, respectively. For most tested variables, the factor “material” had a higher effect size than the factor “curing protocol”. Maximum polymerization rate and maximum shrinkage stress rate were the most affected by changes in curing conditions. In contrast, no significant effects of curing conditions were identified within each material for shrinkage stress values measured at the end of the 5 min observation period. Linear shrinkage and shrinkage stress values measured after 5 min were closely correlated (R = 0.905–0.982). The analysis of polymerization kinetics suggested that the two composites specifically designed for rapid light-curing responded to higher radiant exitances differently than other composites. Polymerization kinetics and shrinkage stress behavior of contemporary restorative composite materials of different viscosities were overall more affected by material type than differences in curing conditions. Subtle differences in polymerization kinetics behavior shown by the two composites specifically designed for rapid high-intensity light-curing did not translate into significant differences in the development of polymerization shrinkage stress.
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Hamza B, Zimmerman M, Attin T, Tauböck TT. Marginal integrity of classical and bulk-fill composite restorations in permanent and primary molars. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13670. [PMID: 35953552 PMCID: PMC9372112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk-fill composites enable timesaving and less technical-sensitive application of restorations. This study investigated and compared the marginal integrity of classical and bulk-fill composite restorations in primary and permanent molars before and after thermo-mechanical loading (TML). Two Class II cavities were prepared in each of 20 primary and 20 permanent molars. The molars were randomised in four groups for each molar type. Groups 1 and 5 were restored with a high-viscous bulk-fill composite (Tetric PowerFill), groups 2 and 6 were restored with a flowable bulk-fill composite (Tetric PowerFlow), groups 3 and 7 were restored with a high-viscous classical composite (Tetric Prime), and groups 4 and 8 were restored with a flowable classical composite (Tetric EvoFlow). In permanent molars, the flowable composites were covered with a 2-mm layer of high-viscous composite (groups 6 and 8). The restorations were subjected to TML in a custom-made chewing machine (5-50 °C, 2 min dwelling time, × 1000; 400 ,000 loading cycles, 1.7 Hz, 49 N), and quantitative marginal analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. Marginal integrity of each restoration was calculated as a percentage of continuous margins before and after TML. The tested high-viscous bulk-fill restoration showed similarly high marginal integrity in primary and permanent molars as the classical restoration. The tested flowable bulk-fill restoration showed the lowest marginal integrity compared to all other restorations after TML. In contrast to flowable bulk-fill restorations, high-viscous bulk-fill restorations show similar marginal integrity as classical hybrid composite restorations after TML, in both primary and permanent molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blend Hamza
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marcus Zimmerman
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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Par M, Gubler A, Attin T, Tarle Z, Tarle A, Prskalo K, Tauböck TT. Effect of adhesive coating on calcium, phosphate, and fluoride release from experimental and commercial remineralizing dental restorative materials. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10272. [PMID: 35715694 PMCID: PMC9205952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of adhesive coating for hindering the reactivity of ion-releasing dental restorative materials. Experimental composites were prepared by replacing 10 or 20 wt% of reinforcing fillers with two types of bioactive glass. A glass ionomer, a giomer, and an alkasite were used as representatives of commercial ion-releasing materials. Restorative material specimens were coated with an etch-and-rinse adhesive, 1-step self-etch adhesive, 2-step self-etch adhesive, or left uncoated. The specimens were immersed in a lactic acid solution and ion concentrations were measured in 4 days intervals for 32 days (atomic absorption spectrometry for calcium, UV–Vis spectrometry for phosphate, ion-selective electrode for fluoride, and pH-meter for pH values). The adhesive coating reduced ion release between 0.3 and 307 times, in a significantly material- and adhesive-dependent manner. Fluoride release was most highly impaired, with the reduction of up to 307 times, followed by phosphate and calcium release, which were reduced up to 90 and 45 times, respectively. The effect of different adhesive systems was most pronounced for phosphate release, with the following rankings: uncoated ≥ 2-step self-etch adhesive ≥ 1-step self-etch adhesive ≥ etch-and-rinse adhesive. The differences among adhesives were less pronounced for calcium and fluoride. It was concluded that the resinous adhesive layer can act as a barrier for ion release and diminish the beneficial effects of remineralizing restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andro Tarle
- Community Health Center Zagreb - Center, Runjaninova 4, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katica Prskalo
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tobias T Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
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Depth of cure of 10 resin-based composites light-activated using a laser diode, multi-peak, and single-peak light-emitting diode curing lights. J Dent 2022; 122:104141. [PMID: 35483497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the depth of cure (DOC) of ten contemporary resin-based composites (RBCs), light-cured using different LCUs and exposure times. METHODS The power, radiant emittance, irradiance, radiant exposure (RE), and beam profiles from a laser (M, Monet), a multi-peak (V, Valo Grand), and single-peak (S, SmartLite Pro) LCU were measured. The DOC was measured using a 6-mm diameter metal mold and a solvent dissolution method to remove the uncured RBC. The length of the remaining RBC was divided by 2. The exposure times were: 1s and 3s for M, 10s and 20s for V, and 10s and 20s for S. Data were analyzed using: Bland-Altman distribution, Pearson's Correlation, and an artificial neural network (ANN) to establish the relative importance of the factors on the DOC (α=0.05; β=0.2). RESULTS Significant differences were found in the DOC of the different LCUs and composites. The laser LCU emitted the highest power, radiant emittance, and irradiance. However, this LCU used for 1 s delivered the lowest RE and produced the shortest DOC in all ten RBCs. The ANN demonstrated that the RE is the most critical factor for the DOC. Bland-Altman comparisons showed that the DOCs achieved with the laser LCU used for 1s were between 17 - 34 % shorter than the other conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although the laser LCU cured all 10 RBCs when used for 1s, it produced the shallowest DOC, and some RBCs did not achieve the minimum DOC threshold. The RE and not the irradiance was the most important factor in determining the DOC of RBCs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Despite delivering high power and irradiance, the laser used for l s delivered a lower radiant exposure than the conventional LCUs used for 10 s. This resulted in a shorter DOC.
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Marovic D, Par M, Macan M, Klarić N, Plazonić I, Tarle Z. Aging-Dependent Changes in Mechanical Properties of the New Generation of Bulk-Fill Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030902. [PMID: 35160848 PMCID: PMC8839328 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the behavior of a new generation of bulk-fill resin composites after prolonged exposure to an aqueous environment and accelerated aging in ethanol. Six bulk-fill materials were tested (Tetric PowerFill, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Fill-Up!, Tetric PowerFlow, SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable) and compared to two conventional reference materials (Tetric EvoCeram and Tetric EvoFlow). Flexural strength, modulus, and Weibull parameters were examined at three time points: 1 day, 30 days, and 30 days followed by ethanol immersion. Degree of conversion after 30 days, water sorption, and solubility up to 90 days were also investigated. Filtek One Bulk Fill had the highest flexural strength and modulus among the tested materials, followed by Tetric PowerFill and SDR plus. Flexural strength and modulus of high-viscosity bulk-fill materials showed higher stability after accelerated aging in ethanol compared to their low-viscosity counterparts and reference materials. After 30 days, the degree of conversion was above 80% for all tested materials. Dual-cure material Fill-Up! was the best-cured material. The water sorption was highest for Fill-Up!, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, and Tetric EvoFlow, while solubility was highest for Tetric EvoCeram. After aging in water and ethanol, new generation high-viscosity bulk-fill materials showed better mechanical properties than low-viscosity bulk-fill and conventional composites under extended light curing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (I.P.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +385-1489-9203 (M.P.)
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (I.P.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.P.); Tel.: +385-1489-9203 (M.P.)
| | - Matea Macan
- Private Dental Practice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | | | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.M.); (I.P.); (Z.T.)
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Par M, Gubler A, Attin T, Tarle Z, Tarle A, Tauböck TT. Experimental Bioactive Glass-Containing Composites and Commercial Restorative Materials: Anti-Demineralizing Protection of Dentin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1616. [PMID: 34829845 PMCID: PMC8615840 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate whether different types of experimental and commercial restorative dental materials can protect dentin against acid-induced softening. Experimental composites were prepared with a photocurable mixture of methacrylates and two types of bioactive glass (45S5 and a customized low-Na F-containing formulation). Human dentin samples were prepared from mid-coronal tooth slices and immersed in lactic acid solution (pH = 4.0) at 5 mm from set specimens of restorative material. After 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 days, surface microhardness of dentin samples and pH of the immersion solution were measured, followed by replenishing of the immersion medium. Microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The protective effect of restorative materials was determined as dentin microhardness remaining statistically similar to initial values for a certain number of acid additions. Scanning electron microscopy showed a gradual widening of dentinal tubules and proved less discriminatory than microhardness measurements. To produce a protective effect on dentin, 20 wt% of low-Na F-containing bioactive glass was needed, whereas 10 wt% of bioactive glass 45S5 was sufficient to protect dentin against acid-induced demineralization. The anti-demineralizing protective effect of experimental and commercial restoratives on dentin was of shorter duration than measured for enamel in a previous study using the same experimental approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.G.); (T.A.); (T.T.T.)
| | - Thomas Attin
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.G.); (T.A.); (T.T.T.)
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Andro Tarle
- Community Health Center Zagreb—Center, Runjaninova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Tobias T. Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.G.); (T.A.); (T.T.T.)
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