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Ruan C, Xiong J, Zhu Y, Wu Z, Lin G, Wang L. Study on the Association between anterior tooth Colour Preference based on the FAHP and individual factors. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:352. [PMID: 38822874 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between tooth colour and individual satisfaction in oral aesthetics has long been a topic of interest. In this study, we utilized the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to investigate the impacts of sex and age on tooth colour preference. The findings of this study should provide a scientific basis for oral aesthetic practice. METHODS In the current study, a random selection method was employed, and a survey was completed by 120 patients. To obtain tooth colour data, standard tooth colour charts were used. Smile photos were taken as template images using a single-lens reflex camera. The FAHP was utilized to conduct a weight analysis of tooth colour preferences among patients of different sexes and age groups. RESULTS There were significant differences in tooth colour preference based on sex and age. Men tend to prefer the B1 colour, while women may prioritize the aesthetic effects of other colours. Additionally, as patients age, their preferences for tooth colour become more diverse. These findings offer valuable insights for oral aesthetics practitioners, enabling them to better address the aesthetic needs of patients across different sexes and ages. This knowledge can aid in the development of more personalized treatment plans that align with patients' expectations. CONCLUSION In this study, we utilized scientific analysis methods to quantify the popularity of different tooth colours among various groups of people. By doing so, we established a scientific foundation for clinical practice. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for oral aesthetic research, enhancing our understanding of tooth colour. Additionally, these findings have practical applications in the field of oral medicine, potentially improving patients' quality of life and overall oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglu Ruan
- Department of Stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Jianying Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Yirong Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Zhouhui Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Guanghua Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Faculty of Arts, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Product Design, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, China.
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Gómez-Polo C, Fraile JF, López NQ, Muñoz MP, Lobato M, Montero J. Three-dimensional representation of the Vita Toothguide 3D-Master: An in vivo clinical study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:421-428. [PMID: 38053482 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The Vita Toothguide 3D-Master (Vita Zahnfabrik) is considered the dental shade guide in which the three dimensions of color - lightness, hue, and chroma - are most well-ordered in the CIELAB color space. No research has yet explored how well the Vita Toothguide 3D-Master is ordered in the 3D color space by recording color coordinates in vivo. PURPOSE To evaluate the spatial color distribution of the Vita Toothguide 3D-Master's lightness, chroma, and hue groups and its 26 physical shade tabs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dental color (L*, C*, h°, a*, and b* color coordinates) of a healthy maxillary central incisor was recorded for 1361 participants (aged between 18 and 89 years) using a Vita Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer (Vita Zahnfabrik). The R 2.7.2. statistics program was used to create the visual representations. RESULTS The five lightness levels are those that are best distributed in the color space, in relation to the L* coordinates, followed by the chroma group and, finally, the hue group. The 5M1, 5M2, and 5M3 physical shade tabs are situated at a greater distance apart from the other tabs in the color space. CONCLUSIONS The Vita Toothguide 3D-Master's 26 physical shade tabs are satisfactorily distributed in three-dimensional space, although strict mathematical criteria are not followed. The natural dental shades that fall lower on the lightness scale are the most poorly represented by the physical shade tabs. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Darker teeth are poorly represented by the Vita Toothguide 3D-Master's physical shade tabs. The spatial distribution of dental shade guides needs to be improved to ensure they provide homogeneous coverage of the entire chromatic spectrum corresponding to natural teeth. This would help reduce the errors inherent to the subjective visual color selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gómez-Polo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Flores Fraile
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norberto Quispe López
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Portillo Muñoz
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Lobato
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Montero
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Alghawe S, Raslan N. Management of permanent incisors affected by Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) using resin infiltration: a pilot study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:105-116. [PMID: 38285169 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the aesthetic improvement of Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH) opacities treated by applying Icon-Etch for three cycles with the opacities treated by Icon-Etch for once, in the course of resin infiltration technique. METHODS Thirty incisors were sorted based on the colour of the opacities and then distributed according to the number of Icon-Etch cycles using a randomisation table into the groups: (1) White/Creamy one cycle, (2) White/Creamy three cycles, (3) Yellow/Brown one cycle, (4) Yellow/Brown three cycles. The primary outcomes of applying the resin infiltration to the opacities were compared amongst groups according to the parents' satisfaction, the amount of coverage, and the colour matching with the surrounding sound enamel. The stability of the results after 3 months was evaluated using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS The colour of the opacity pre-treatment affected the outcomes significantly (p < 0.05), compared according to the method of application (p > 0.05) in terms of parents' satisfaction. Whilst the multiple applications for Icon-Etch cycles showed more coverage amount in White/Creamy opacities than the application ones (p < 0.05); in colour matching, there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods (p > 0.05). For yellow/brown opacities, some negative results occurred with the single Icon-Etch cycle. CONCLUSION In MIH opacities, it is possible to rely on the resin infiltration as a minimally invasive method to achieve acceptable results, especially with multiple Icon-Etch cycles applications in the white/creamy opacities. The colour stability has not been affected by either the colour of the opacity or the number of cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alghawe
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
| | - N Raslan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
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da Silva DF, Figueiredo FC, Scaramucci T, Mailart MC, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Is the whitening effect of charcoal-based dentifrices related to their abrasive potential or the ability of charcoal to adsorb dyes? J Dent 2024; 140:104794. [PMID: 38035453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate if tooth color alteration of activated charcoal-based dentifrices may be attributed to the dye adsorption potential of charcoal (chemical action - C - slurry only) or to the association of dye adsorption with abrasion (chemo-mechanical action - CM- slurry/toothbrushing). Potential adverse effects in surface roughness, gloss, and wear were also assessed. METHODS Bovine enamel/dentin specimens were randomly allocated into the groups according to treatments and test model (n = 15): deionized water (negative control- NC); Colgate Maximum Anticaries Protection (conventional toothpaste- positive control- PC); Colgate Luminous White Activated Charcoal (LW); Oral-B 3D White Therapy Charcoal (WT); Curaprox Black is White (BW); Dermavita Whitemax (Activated charcoal powder- WP). Specimens were exposed to the C or CM models, in 28-day staining-treatment cycling. Color change (ΔE00), whiteness index (ΔWID), percentage of alteration of surface roughness (%Raalt), and gloss (%GUalt) were calculated. Additional specimens (n = 9) were indented with a Knoop diamond and subjected to 100,000 abrasion cycles. Enamel wear was determined by calculating the decrease in indentations geometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The CM-model produced lower color change (staining) than C (p = 0.0001). PC, LW, WT, BW, and WP showed similar color results for both models, differing from NC (p < 0.05).%Ra and%GU did not differ among the C-model groups (p > 0.05) and WP exhibited the highest variation (%Ra and%GU) under CM-model. Enamel wear values were lowest in the NC and PC groups, intermediate for LW, WT, BW, and highest for the WP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Activated charcoal-based dentifrices have a similar ability to minimize tooth staining as the conventional toothpaste, with increased enamel wear potential in the long term (after 100,000 cycles). The activated charcoal powder damaged the enamel surface, showing a higher deleterious effect on enamel roughness, gloss, and wear. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dentifrices containing activated charcoal do not provide superior results to minimize tooth staining compared to conventional toothpaste. Charcoal powder should be used with caution because it promotes higher superficial alterations on the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Consiglio Figueiredo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Cintra Mailart
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Buhler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
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Jamwal N, Rao A, Mc GS, K RS, Bh MP, Jodalli P, Ks A, Br A. Effect of whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and microhardness of human teeth-an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7889-7897. [PMID: 37966513 PMCID: PMC10713793 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and microhardness of human teeth. METHODOLOGY Surface roughness was estimated using the Talysurf instrument, and microhardness was estimated using the Vickers hardness tester before and after the application of whitening toothpastes on mounted extracted human teeth. RESULTS In the activated charcoal group, there was a reduction in the surface roughness from 1.21 at baseline to 1.09 at 1 month and a further reduction to 1.02 at 3 months, which was found to be statistically significant. However, no statistically significant difference in surface roughness was found in the other toothpaste groups. With respect to microhardness, all 4 whitening toothpastes showed a statistically significant reduction in microhardness after 3 months of brushing. However, the reduction was significantly higher in group 2 and in group 4 compared to the others. CONCLUSION This study showed that whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal significantly reduced the surface roughness, whereas toothpastes with blue covarine and toothpastes containing activated charcoal significantly reduced the microhardness of the tooth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to be aware of the potential disadvantages of whitening toothpastes and make evidence-based decisions when recommending the product to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navodita Jamwal
- Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Ashwini Rao
- Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India.
| | - Gowri Shankar Mc
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ramya Shenoy K
- Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Mithun Pai Bh
- Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Praveen Jodalli
- Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Aparna Ks
- Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| | - Avinash Br
- Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
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Rashid F, Farook TH, Dudley J. Digital Shade Matching in Dentistry: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:250. [PMID: 37999014 PMCID: PMC10670912 DOI: 10.3390/dj11110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of aesthetic excellence in dentistry, shaped by societal trends and digital advancements, highlights the critical role of precise shade matching in restorative procedures. Although conventional methods are prevalent, challenges such as shade guide variability and subjective interpretation necessitate a re-evaluation in the face of emerging non-proximity digital instruments. This systematic review employs PRISMA protocols and keyword-based search strategies spanning the Scopus®, PubMed.gov, and Web of ScienceTM databases, with the last updated search carried out in October 2023. The study aimed to synthesise literature that identified digital non-proximity recording instruments and associated colour spaces in dentistry and compare the clinical outcomes of digital systems with spectrophotometers and conventional visual methods. Utilising predefined criteria and resolving disagreements between two reviewers through Cohen's kappa calculator, the review assessed 85 articles, with 33 included in a PICO model for clinical comparisons. The results reveal that 42% of studies employed the CIELAB colour space. Despite the challenges in study quality, non-proximity digital instruments demonstrated more consistent clinical outcomes than visual methods, akin to spectrophotometers, emphasising their efficacy in controlled conditions. The review underscores the evolving landscape of dental shade matching, recognising technological advancements and advocating for methodological rigor in dental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Rashid
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.H.F.); (J.D.)
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de Lima LC, Carvalho AO, Bezerra SJC, Garcia RM, Caneppele TMF, Borges AB, Scaramucci T. Tooth color change promoted by different whitening toothpastes under alternate cycles of staining and brushing. J Dent 2023; 132:104498. [PMID: 36963626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of whitening toothpastes with different mechanisms of action on discolored teeth subjected to additional staining/or not. METHODS One hundred twenty tooth specimens were stained for 14 days (staining broth under constant agitation and pH=7) and then allocated into the groups of toothpastes with different whitening ingredients (n=10): 1. Regular - Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint; 2. CLWI - Colgate Luminous White Instant (blue pigment); 3. CLWA - Colgate Luminous White Advanced Expert (hydrogen peroxide); 4. CLWAC - Colgate Luminous White Activated Charcoal (activated charcoal); 5. OB3D - Oral-B 3D WHITE Brilliant Fresh (abrasive); 6. TW - Teeth Whitening (charcoal powder). Specimens were submitted to two experimental models: A. Daily staining-toothbrush cycling: staining solution (5min), toothbrushing (45 strokes) and artificial saliva (3h), 2x/day, for 5days; B. Only toothbrushing (30.000 brushing strokes). Color change was determined with a spectrophotometer (CIEDE2000 and Whitening Index for Dentistry - WID) and statistically analyzed (α=0.05). RESULTS For both models, ΔE00 and Δa did not differ significantly between the whitening toothpastes and the regular. All groups showed a decrease in tooth yellowness (-Δb) and an increase in WID. Group Teeth Whitening exhibited a decrease in luminosity (-ΔL). In model A, Groups did not differ significantly from the Regular in terms of ΔL (p=0.35) and Δb (p=0.74). Groups CLWI and OB3D exhibited a decrease in luminosity. Reduced redness (-Δa) occurred only in Group CLWI. In Model B, Groups OB3D (p=0.021) and CLWA (p=0.001) exhibited higher change in luminosity than in Group Teeth Whitening. All exhibited increased redness (+Δa) and lightness (+ΔL), except the Regular, CLWAC and Teeth Whitening. Group OB3D had a significantly higher change in Δb than the Regular (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the mechanism of action, all toothpastes reduced tooth yellowness and promoted similar overall color change. Exposure of the teeth to additional staining during the toothbrushing cycles did not influence the effect of the whitening toothpastes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Whitening toothpastes should be tested in conditions that more closely simulate their use in a clinical scenario, in which alternate cycles of staining and brushing occur on a daily basis. However, even in such conditions, they were unable to promote a color change that differed from that of a regular toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Manoel Garcia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Buhler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Sommerfeldt W, Gellert P, Müller A, Götze N, Göstemeyer G. Older patients' perception of treating root caries with silver diamine fluoride - a qualitative study based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. J Dent 2023; 130:104408. [PMID: 36626976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Caries treatment with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is effective, but often leads to irreversible tooth discoloration. This study aimed to investigate older patients' perceptions of root caries treatment with SDF and to identify factors that influence their decision process. METHODS Fifteen interviews were conducted in older patients (mean, min/max: 83, 71/92 years) with root caries experience, following a semi-structured interview-guide based on the domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) including three case vignettes of SDF treatment. Transcripts of the interviews were used to perform deductive and inductive content analysis along the TDF and Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior model (COM-B) to assess influential factors. RESULTS All TDF domains and behavior determinants of the COM-B were covered, identifying twenty-two barriers, facilitators and conflicting themes. Main barriers for consenting to SDF treatment were patients' perceptions of permanent staining of visible root caries lesions, as well as preconceptions about those of others and lack of knowledge about root caries and SDF. Main facilitators were trust in advice given by dentists, especially regarding new treatment options, that aesthetics were less important in non-visible areas and the importance of tooth preservation and feasibility of treatments when immobile or in need of care. CONCLUSION Permanent discoloration is an important barrier to older patients' acceptance of SDF treatment for visible root caries. However, patients appear to accept SDF treatment under certain conditions, including less visible lesions or in comparison to more invasive treatment options. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings contribute to understanding both barriers and facilitators when treating root caries in older patients with SDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Sommerfeldt
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité Centre for Dental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany
| | - Paul Gellert
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Research Services, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nirina Götze
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité Centre for Dental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany
| | - Gerd Göstemeyer
- Department of Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité Centre for Dental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany.
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Limeback H, Meyer F, Enax J. Tooth Whitening with Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11020050. [PMID: 36826195 PMCID: PMC9955010 DOI: 10.3390/dj11020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A steadily increasing public demand for whiter teeth has resulted in the development of new oral care products for home use. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a new ingredient to whiten teeth. This systematic review focuses on the evidence of whether HAP can effectively whiten teeth. A systematic search using the PICO approach and PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, and Google Scholar as databases. All study designs (in vitro, in vivo) and publications in foreign language studies were included. Of the 279 study titles that the searches produced, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. A new "Quality Assessment Tool For In Vitro Studies" (the QUIN Tool) was used to determine the risk of bias of the 13 studies conducted in vitro. Moreover, 12 out of 13 studies had a low risk of bias. The in vivo studies were assigned Cochrane-based GRADE scores. The results in vitro and in vivo were consistent in the direction of showing a statistically significant whitening of enamel. The evidence from in vitro studies is rated overall as having a low risk of bias. The evidence from in vivo clinical trials is supported by modest clinical evidence based on six preliminary clinical trials. It can be concluded that the regular use of hydroxyapatite-containing oral care products effectively whitens teeth, but more clinical trials are required to support the preliminary in vivo evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Limeback
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
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Subramanian SS, Asimakopoulou K, Newton T, Chopra A, Luo W, Joiner A. The impact of priming on dentally induced social judgements: An experimental study. J Dent 2022; 127:104347. [PMID: 36280005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the effects of priming to consider tooth appearance (i.e. exposure to a 'tooth whitening television advert') versus control (a 'non-dental' television advert) on social judgements of tooth colour in a group of Caucasians. METHODS Two groups of Caucasians randomly assigned to watch either a tooth-whitening advert (experimental, N = 67) or a bread advert (control, N = 62). All rated the measures of social perceptions: friendliness, popularity, social life, success, intelligence, graduation, introversion/extroversion, happiness, self-confidence, attractiveness, age-estimation and satisfaction, after watching either of the adverts and viewing three digitally modified photographs (Darkened, natural and whitened teeth) of different Caucasian adults (males and females) separately. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences for all the measures of social perception between the groups. Nevertheless, the questions that inquired about popularity, friendliness, success, intelligence, happiness, self-confidence, attractiveness and satisfaction were consistently rated higher for all three tooth shades in the experimental than the control groups. Further, within the experimental and control groups, higher ratings were given to the faces with whitened teeth than the natural and darkened teeth. CONCLUSIONS Priming has little impact on dentally induced social judgements as this study failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences. Nevertheless, both groups gave the highest subjective ratings for the faces with whitened teeth and the tooth-whitening advert group associated the faces in the photographs with higher subjective ratings than the non-dental advert group irrespective of the tooth shade. One reason for this could be the way media affects the psychological well-being. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The almost universal exposure to idealised tooth appearance in the media may increase demand for aesthetic treatments. Standardising the colour of the tooth plays a huge impact and making individuals to view a tooth whitening advert just prior to a procedure might influence patient choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhvi Shankar Subramanian
- King's College, London (Former MSc Student), University of Turku, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014, Turun Yliopsita, Finland.
| | - Koula Asimakopoulou
- King's College London, Floor 18, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RW, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Newton
- King's College London, Floor 18, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RW, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Chopra
- Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Wen Luo
- Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK
| | - Andrew Joiner
- Unilever Oral Care, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, UK
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Mazilu Moldovan A, Popescu V, Ionescu CV, Cuc S, Craciun A, Moldovan M, Dudea D, Mesaros AS. Various Aspects Involved in the Study of Tooth Bleaching Procedure: A Questionnaire–Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073977. [PMID: 35409660 PMCID: PMC8997818 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A beautiful smile is an important feature when it comes to a pleasant appearance of the face, and one of the most common situations that drive patients to book a dental appointment is tooth discoloration. Tooth bleaching is the treatment of choice for extrinsic tooth discoloration, as it is a cheap, fast, and minimally invasive procedure. This study aimed to provide comparative information on the perceptions of both patients and dentists regarding different whitening methods and on the factors involved in people’s willingness to recommend and use a bleaching procedure. In addition to this, this study evaluated the degree of satisfaction in relation to the bleaching methods and materials used; it also evaluated the following: negative side effects, economic characteristics and the patients’ perceptions of the aesthetic appearance of their dental arches, especially tooth color. The subjects that participated in the present study were selected based on their background and were then divided into two categories. The first group consisted of 120 patients who had received tooth-bleaching treatments in dental clinics during the study and the second group consisted of 127 dentists. A conventional sampling method was used. The study aimed to define a relationship between multiple aspects of the tooth-bleaching procedure, including the patients’ desires and their general knowledge of this procedure. Tooth color and the way it changes is a very important factor that motivates patients to come to the dentist for whitening procedures. Patients showed the highest levels of satisfaction with the results of in-office bleaching procedures. In the group consisting of dentists, satisfaction levels were higher for the procedure of home bleaching supervised by a dentist. Factors influencing the choice of bleaching materials are appreciated differently by dentists and patients. Furthermore, the rate of patients using OTC (over the counter) products was found to be high. Further research is needed to find more effective and safer alternatives to home tooth-bleaching procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Mazilu Moldovan
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Violeta Popescu
- Physics and Chemistry Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Corina Violeta Ionescu
- Department of Conservative Odontology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264593497
| | - Stanca Cuc
- Raluca Ripan Chemistry Research Institute, Babeș Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Antarinia Craciun
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (D.D.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Raluca Ripan Chemistry Research Institute, Babeș Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Diana Dudea
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (D.D.); (A.S.M.)
| | - Anca Stefania Mesaros
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (D.D.); (A.S.M.)
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