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Son K, Lee JM, Kim JW, Jin MU, Lee KB. How does the consecutive use of intraoral scanners affect musculoskeletal health? A preliminary clinical study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:329. [PMID: 38879517 PMCID: PMC11179222 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimizing muscle strain and reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders associated with intraoral scanner (IOS) usage require ergonomic awareness, device selection, and workplace adjustments in dental practice. This preliminary clinical study aimed to simulate intraoral scanning tasks using wired and wireless IOSs and assess muscle activation and fatigue for both types. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen participants performed intraoral scanning tasks using wired and wireless IOSs (i700; MEDIT), with weights of 280 g and 328 g, respectively. The same computer system and software conditions were maintained for both groups (N = 14 per IOS group). Electrodes were placed on arm, neck, and shoulder muscles, and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured. Surface electromyography (EMG) was performed during the simulation, and EMG values were normalized using MVC. The root mean square EMG (%MVC) and muscle fatigue (%) values were calculated. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests, with the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS Arm (flexor digitorum superficialis) and neck muscles (left sternocleidomastoid and left splenius capitis) showed significantly higher EMG values with wireless IOS (P < 0.05). The neck (left sternocleidomastoid and right levator scapulae) and shoulder muscles (right trapezius descendens) demonstrated significantly higher muscle fatigue with wireless IOS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The consecutive use of heavier wireless IOS may increase the risk of muscle activation and fatigue in certain muscles, which may have clinical implications for dentists in terms of ergonomics and musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- KeunBaDa Son
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Uk Jin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Bok Lee
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea.
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Schmalzl J, Keskeny GÁ, Hermann P, Pál A, Géczi Z, Borbély J, Róth I. Evaluating the influence of palate scanning on the accuracy of complete-arch digital impressions-An in vitro study. J Dent 2024; 145:105014. [PMID: 38648874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of including the palate and the number of images recorded during intraoral digital scanning procedure on the accuracy of complete arch scans. METHODS An experienced operator conducted 40 digital scans of a 3D printed maxillary model and divided them into two groups: 20 with inclusion of the palate (PAL) and 20 without (NPAL). Each set of scans was performed using an intraoral scanner (IOS) (Trios 5; 3Shape A/S; Copenhagen, Denmark). The resulting STL files were imported into the Geomagic Control X software (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) for accuracy comparison. A reference STL file was created using a 3Shape E3 laboratory scanner (3Shape Scanlt Dental 2.2.1.0; Copenhagen, Denmark). The number of images captured was recorded during the scanning procedure. RESULTS In the case of the right side no statistically significant difference in trueness was detected (84 µm ± 45.6 for PAL and 80.4 ± 40.4 µm for NPAL). In the case of the left side no significant difference in trueness was observed (215.1 ± 70.2 µm for PAL and 233.9 ± 70.7 µm for NPAL). In the case of the arch distortion a statistically significant difference in trueness was seen between the two types of scans (135.3 ± 71.9 µm for PAL and 380.4 ± 255.1 µm for NPAL). The average number of images was 831.25, and 593.8 for PAL and NPAL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Scanning of the palatal area can significantly improve the accuracy of dental scans in cases of complete arches. In terms of the number of images, based on the current results, obvious conclusions could not be drawn, and further investigation is required. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Scanning the palate may be beneficial for improving the accuracy of intraoral scans in dentate patients. Consequently, this should be linked to an appropriate scanning strategy that predicts palatal scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Schmalzl
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 47, Budapest 1088, Hungary; Semmelweis University's School of Ph.D. Studies, Üllői u. 26, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
| | - György Árpád Keskeny
- Semmelweis University's School of Ph.D. Studies, Üllői u. 26, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Péter Hermann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 47, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Pál
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 47, Budapest 1088, Hungary; Semmelweis University's School of Ph.D. Studies, Üllői u. 26, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Géczi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 47, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Judit Borbély
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 47, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Ivett Róth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 47, Budapest 1088, Hungary
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Khoshkhahesh M, Enteghad S, Aghasadeghi K, Farzin M, Taghva M, Mosadad SA. Evaluation of the effect of different core substrates on the accuracy of intraoral scanners. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e899. [PMID: 38752461 PMCID: PMC11097246 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine if different types of core substrates have any effect on the trueness and precision of digital intraoral impressions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A customized typodont with four similar cores of natural dentine, composite, metal (Ni-Cr), and zirconia in the position of premolars was fabricated. The study model was scanned five times with two types of intraoral scanners (Carestream 3600 and 3Shape Trios 3), and a reference standard scan was obtained using a laboratory scanner (3shape D1000). A metrology software (Geomagic X) was used to align the data of experimental scans and the reference scan to determine deviation values (trueness). Precision values were calculated with random superimposition in each intraoral scanner group. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare differences between different substrates, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the average values between the two scanners. RESULTS Trios 3 was found to be significantly truer and more precise than Carestream 3600 (p value = .005, <0.001). There were no significant differences in the trueness of different substrates when they were scanned by Trios 3, while different materials showed significantly different trueness values in the Carestream 3600 group (p value = .003). Dentin showed the best trueness, and zirconia performed worse than other substrates. Regarding the precision of the scanners, neither of the scanners was affected by the type of scanning substrate. CONCLUSION For Carestream 3600, substrate type did impact the trueness of intraoral scans, with dentin and zirconia showing the highest and lowest accuracy, respectively, while Trios 3 was similarly accurate across all substrates. Trios 3 had both higher trueness and precision than Carestream 3600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoshkhahesh
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Shabnam Enteghad
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Kiana Aghasadeghi
- Student Research CommitteeIslamic Azad University of ShirazShirazIran
| | - Mitra Farzin
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Masumeh Taghva
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Ali Mosadad
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Bucofacial Prostheses, Faculty of OdontologyUniversity Complutense of MadridMadridSpain
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Hlaing NHMM, Lee H, Jeong Y, Park JM, Lee SJ, Lee JH. Influence of crown shade, translucency, and scan powder application on the trueness of intraoral scanners. J Dent 2024; 144:104969. [PMID: 38537881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural teeth and dental restorations present with various shades and levels of translucency. This study aimed to determine whether these variations in ceramic crowns and scan powder application affect the trueness of intraoral scanners. METHODS Eight identical premade resin typodonts, each prepared for a crown on the maxillary right second molar, were used. Eight lithium disilicate crowns, distinguished by two levels of translucency (high and low) and four shades (BL1, A2, A3, and A4), were fabricated to an identical design and cemented onto each typodont, providing eight distinct experimental groups (2 levels of translucency × 4 shades). Reference scans were acquired using a desktop scanner. Test scans were performed ten times for each experimental group using two different intraoral scanners (Medit i700 and CEREC Primescan AC), with and without the application of scan powder (n = 10). Three-dimensional metrology software was used to assess the trueness of the intraoral scan datasets. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, and independent t-test (α=0.05). RESULTS For powder-free intraoral scan datasets, the crown shade did not significantly affect trueness within each translucency group (P = 1.000). For both intraoral scanners, compared with low translucency groups, higher marked deviations were exhibited by high translucency groups (P<.001). Scan powder use largely mitigated these differences (P>.05) and enhanced the trueness of the intraoral scan (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Shade did not significantly influence the trueness of intraoral scans. High-translucency crowns were scanned with less accuracy than were low-translucency crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Unlike tooth shade, translucency significantly affected the accuracy of intraoral scans. Therefore, considering the use of scan powder when scanning objects with high translucency may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hsu Myat Mon Hlaing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjong Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuwon Jeong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Man Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterial Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Revilla-León M, Zeitler JM, Kois JC. Scan body system to translate natural head position and virtual mounting into a 3-dimensional virtual patient: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:787-792. [PMID: 35672165 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Various techniques have been developed for a 3-dimensional (3D) virtual patient. However, those techniques do not enable the registration of the alignment of the facial and intraoral digital scans, the registration for the mounting on the virtual articulator, and the integration of the natural head position (NHP) together. In the present manuscript, a scan body system is described that assists with the translation of the horizon orientation within the NHP of the patient into a computer-aided design software program. Additionally, the scan body system facilitates the facial and intraoral alignment, as well as the mounting of the maxillary virtual cast on the virtual articulator. This scan body system facilitates the integration of the 3D virtual patient and reduces chair and laboratory time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
| | | | - John C Kois
- Founder and Director, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Affiliate Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Private practice, Seattle, Wash
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Zhang Z, Ming X, Luo Y, Zhang W. Effect of substrate material and abutment geometry on the accuracy of intraoral scanning: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00276-2. [PMID: 38653689 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Digital scanning is gradually replacing conventional impression making, but consensus on how tooth preparation influences the accuracy of intraoral scanning is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of substrate material and abutment geometry on the accuracy of digital casts obtained by intraoral scanning. MATERIAL AND METHODS The height and total occlusal convergence (TOC) angle were measured in 5 different groups that contained 5 specimens of different materials: natural tooth, cobalt chromium alloy, titanium, zirconium dioxide ceramic, and resin. The specimens were scanned with an industrial scanner to obtain reference data. Each specimen was placed in a maxillary standard dentition model that was assembled in a head simulator. Each dentition model was scanned 10 times with an intraoral scanner (IOS) under operatory lighting conditions to acquire intraoral scanning files for each specimen. All data were imported into a metrology software program and processed. A total of 10 trueness deviations, the mean superimposition results between IOS scanning data and reference data, and precision deviations, the mean superimposition results between IOS scanning data in pairs, were recorded. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison test were used to analyze the accuracy of intraoral scanning in relation to the height or TOC angle of the abutment (α=.05). The total means of each substrate material were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The accuracy of scanning images was related to material and abutment geometry (P<.05). Bias was larger as abutment height increased with most substrates. Larger TOC angles increased the accuracy of the digital scans. The trueness deviation of translucent materials and the precision deviation of reflective materials were generally larger. CONCLUSIONS Substrate material and abutment geometry influence the accuracy of intraoral scanning. The accuracy of IOS generally tended to improve with decreasing height and increasing TOC angle and was affected by different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- Resident, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Xianqing Ming
- Resident, Department of Stomatology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yichen Luo
- Graduate student, Department of Oral Special Consultation, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Graduate student, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, PR China; and Graduate student, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Professor, Department of Oral Special Consultation, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Professor, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, PR China; and Professor, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
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Revilla-León M, Gómez-Polo M, Barmak AB, Yilmaz B, Kois JC, Alonso Pérez-Barquero J. Influence of scan extension and starting quadrant on the accuracy of four intraoral scanners for fabricating tooth-supported crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00208-7. [PMID: 38641480 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Multiple factors can influence the accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOSs). However, the impact of scan extension and starting quadrant on the accuracy of IOSs for fabricating tooth-supported crowns remains uncertain. PURPOSE The purpose of the present in vitro study was to measure the influence of scan extension (half or complete arch scan) and the starting quadrant (same quadrant or contralateral quadrant of the location of the crown preparation) on the accuracy of four IOSs. MATERIAL AND METHODS A typodont with a crown preparation on the left first molar was digitized (T710) to obtain a reference scan. Four scanner groups were created: TRIOS 5, PrimeScan, i700, and iTero. Then, 3 subgroups were defined based on the scan extension and starting quadrant: half arch (HA subgroup), complete arch scan starting on the left quadrant (CA-same subgroup), and complete arch scan starting on the right quadrant (CA-contralateral subgroup), (n=15). The reference scan was used as a control to measure the root mean square (RMS) error discrepancies with each experimental scan on the tooth preparation, margin of the tooth preparation, and adjacent tooth areas. Two-way ANOVA and pairwise multiple comparisons were used to analyze trueness (α=.05). The Levene and pairwise comparisons using the Wilcoxon Rank sum tests were used to analyze precision (α=.05). RESULTS For the tooth preparation analysis, significant trueness and precision differences were found among the groups (P<.001) and subgroups (P<.001), with a significant interaction group×subgroup (P=.002). The iTero and TRIOS5 groups obtained better trueness than the PrimeScan and i700 groups (P<.001). Moreover, half arch scans obtained the best trueness, while the CA-contralateral scans obtained the worst trueness (P<.001). The iTero group showed the worst precision among the IOSs tested. For the margin of the tooth preparation evaluation, significant trueness and precision differences were found among the groups (P<.001) and subgroups (P<.001), with a significant interaction group×subgroup (P=.005). The iTero group obtained best trueness (P<.001), but the worst precision (P<.001) among the IOSs tested. Half arch scans obtained the best trueness and precision values. For the adjacent tooth analysis, trueness and precision differences were found among the groups (P<.001) and subgroups tested (P<.001), with a significant interaction group×subgroup (P=.005). The TRIOS 5 obtained the best trueness and precision. Half arch scans obtained the best accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Scan extension and the starting quadrant impacted the scanning trueness and precision of the IOSs tested. Additionally, the IOSs showed varying scanning discrepancies depending on the scanning area assessed. Half arch scans presented the highest trueness and precision, and the complete arch scans in which the scan started in the contralateral quadrant of where the crown preparation was obtained the worst trueness and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.; Faculty and Director, Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; and Adjunct Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
| | - Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdul B Barmak
- Associate Professor, Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John C Kois
- Founder and Director Kois Center, Seattle, Wash.; Affiliate Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.; and Private practice, Seattle, Wash
| | - Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Revilla-León M, Fernández-Estevan L, Barmak AB, Kois JC, Alonso Pérez-Barquero J. Accuracy of maximum intercuspal position located by using four intraoral scanners and an artificial intelligence-based program. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00193-8. [PMID: 38604907 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Maxillary and mandibular scans can be articulated in maximum intercuspal position (MIP) by using an artificial intelligence (AI) based program; however, the accuracy of the AI-based program locating the MIP relationship is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of the present clinical study was to assess the accuracy of the MIP relationship located by using 4 intraoral scanners (IOSs) and an AI-based program. MATERIAL AND METHODS Conventional casts of a participant mounted on an articulator in MIP were digitized (T710). Four groups were created based on the IOS used to record a maxillary and mandibular scan of the participant: TRIOS4, iTero, i700, and PrimeScan. Each pair of nonarticulated scans were duplicated 20 times. Three subgroups were created: IOS, AI-articulated, and AI-IOS-corrected subgroups (n=10). In the IOS-subgroup, 10 duplicated scans were articulated in MIP by using a bilateral occlusal record. In the AI-articulated subgroup, the remaining 10 duplicated scans were articulated in MIP by using an AI-based program (BiteFinder). In the AI-IOS-corrected subgroup, the same AI-based program was used to correct the occlusal collisions of the articulated specimens obtained in the IOS-subgroup. A reverse engineering program (Geomagic Wrap) was used to calculate 36 interlandmark measurements on the digitized articulated casts (control) and each articulated specimen. Two-way ANOVA and pairwise multiple comparison Tukey tests were used to analyze trueness (α=.05). The Levene and pairwise multiple comparison Wilcoxon rank tests were used to analyze precision (α=.05). RESULTS Significant trueness discrepancies among the groups (P<.001) and subgroups (P<.001) were found, with a significant interaction group×subgroup (P<.001). The Levene test showed significant precision discrepancies among the groups (P<.001) and subgroups (P=.005). The TRIOS4 and iTero groups obtained better trueness and lower precision than the i700 and PrimeScan systems. Additionally, the AI-articulated subgroup showed worse trueness and precision than the IOS and AI-IOS-corrected subgroups. The AI-based program improved the MIP trueness of the scans articulated by using the iTero and PrimeScan systems but reduced the MIP trueness of the articulated scans obtained by using the TRIOS4 and i700. CONCLUSIONS The trueness and precision of the maxillomandibular relationship was impacted by the IOS system and program used to locate the MIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Faculty and Director, Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; and Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
| | - Lucía Fernández-Estevan
- Professor, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abdul B Barmak
- Associate Professor, Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - John C Kois
- Founder and Director, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash.; Affiliate Professor, Graduate in Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.; and Private practice, Seattle, Wash
| | - Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Ma Y, Guo YQ, Saleh MQ, Yu H. Influence of ambient light conditions on intraoral scanning: A systematic review. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:237-245. [PMID: 37574273 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically assess the influence of ambient light on the accuracy and scanning time of intraoral scanning. STUDY SELECTION The present systematic review (CRD 42022346672) was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and was performed based on the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Electronic searches were conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE, complemented by gray literature, references, and citations of the included studies. The primary outcome was accuracy, and the scanning time was a secondary outcome. Owing to the high heterogeneity, the pooled data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Six in vitro and two in vivo experiments were performed. Three in vitro studies reported both the accuracy and scanning time of the intraoral scans, whereas the remaining studies exclusively evaluated the accuracy. The studies mainly investigated the influence of illumination levels (0-11000 lux) on intraoral scanning. Intraoral scans revealed optimal accuracy at 1000-lux illumination for complete-arch dentition scans, whereas the influence of illumination levels on 4-unit or shorter scans was not clinically significant. The intraoral scans obtained using confocal microscopy were less affected by the illumination levels than those obtained using the active triangulation technique. Furthermore, the scanning time tended to increase with increasing illumination. CONCLUSIONS Evidently from the limited number of studies conducted, ambient light illumination had considerable influence on the accuracy and scanning time of intraoral scanning, which appeared to be related to the scanning range and imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qing Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Qasem Saleh
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Revilla-León M, Barmak AB, Lanis A, Kois JC. Influence of connected and nonconnected calibrated frameworks on the accuracy of complete arch implant scans obtained by using four intraoral scanners, a desktop scanner, and a photogrammetry system. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00048-9. [PMID: 38443245 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Different techniques have been proposed for increasing the accuracy of complete arch implant scans obtained by using intraoral scanners (IOSs), including a calibrated metal framework (IOSFix); however, its accuracy remains uncertain. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of complete arch scans obtained with connecting and non-connecting the implant scan bodies (ISBs) recorded using intraoral scanners (IOSs), a laboratory scanner (LBS), and photogrammetry (PG). MATERIAL AND METHODS A cast with 6 implant abutment analogs was obtained. Six groups were created: TRIOS 4, i700, iTero, CS3800, LBS, and PG groups. The IOSs and LBS groups were divided into 3 subgroups: nonconnected ISBs (ISB), splinted ISBs (SSB), and calibrated framework (CF), (n=15). For the ISB subgroups, an ISB was positioned on each implant abutment analog. For the SSB subgroups, a printed framework was used to connect the ISBs. For the CF subgroups, a calibrated framework (IOSFix) was used to connect the ISBs. For the PG group, scans were captured using a PG (PIC Camera). Implant positions of the reference cast were measured using a coordinate measurement machine, and Euclidean distances were used as a reference to calculate the discrepancies using the same distances obtained on each experimental scan. Wilcoxon squares 2-way ANOVA and pairwise multiple comparisons were used to analyze trueness (α=.05). The Levene test was used to analyze precision (α=.05). RESULTS Linear and angular discrepancies were found among the groups (P<.001) and subgroups (P<.001). Linear (P=.008) and angular (P<.001) precision differences were found among the subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The digitizing method and technique impacted the trueness and precision of the implant scans. The photogrammetry and calibrated framework groups obtained the best accuracy. Except for TRIOS 4, the calibrated framework method improved the accuracy of the scans obtained by using the IOSs tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.; Faculty and Director, Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash.; and Adjunct Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
| | - Abdul B Barmak
- Assistant Professor, Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Alejandro Lanis
- Director, Advanced Graduate Education in Implant Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - John C Kois
- Founder and Director, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Affiliate Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; and Private practice, Seattle, Wash
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11
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Zhou Y, Fu L, Zhang Z, Tang X. Effect of tooth color on the accuracy of intraoral complete arch scanning under different light conditions using a zirconia restoration model. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:145.e1-145.e8. [PMID: 37923645 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Information regarding the effect of tooth color under different light conditions on the accuracy of intraoral complete arch scanning is limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of color and ambient light conditions on the accuracy of mandibular complete arch scanning with an intraoral scanner (IOS) using a zirconia restoration model with different shades. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five mandible dentition models with zirconia restorations of different shades were fabricated by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM). The spectral reflectance and transmittance curves were collected with a spectrophotometer to determine color parameters (Rb, T, S+A, L*, a*, b*, C*, and h). Under 4 different lighting conditions: no light (ZL), natural light (NL), room light (RL), and chair light (CL), each model was scanned 10 times by using an IOS (TRIOS 3). Three-dimensional (3D) deviation analysis and a linear deviation analysis were performed for an accurate quantitative measurement of intraoral scanning. The multivariate test was used to determine significant differences in 3D deviation and linear deviation among groups. The multiple linear regression test was conducted to investigate the relevant independent factors of mean absolute 3D deviation. RESULTS The 3D deviation analysis showed that the mean absolute 3D deviation of 3M2 model scanning was the lowest (P<.001). Moreover, under CL and RL, the accuracy results from the 3M2 model scan were demonstrated as significantly better than the tested scans under other light conditions (P=.021). The result of the linear deviation analysis indicated that the variation in distance was only significant between the bilateral canines (P=.032). Ambient light conditions, C*, and h were factors influencing mean absolute 3D deviation (R2=0.593, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Color change influenced the accuracy of intraoral mandibular complete arch scanning under different light conditions. This effect may be attributable to the interaction between the ambient light condition and color parameters such as C* and h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Implantology, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lijuan Fu
- Graduate student, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhoujing Zhang
- Graduate student, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xuyan Tang
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Hefei, Anhui, PR China..
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12
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Gómez-Polo M, Donmez MB, Çakmak G, Yilmaz B, Revilla-León M. Influence of implant scan body design (height, diameter, geometry, material, and retention system) on intraoral scanning accuracy: A systematic review. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:165-180. [PMID: 37771200 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of implant scan body (ISB) design (height, diameter, geometry, material, and retention system) on the accuracy of digital implant scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search was completed in five databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, World of Science, and Cochrane. A manual search was also conducted. Studies reporting the evaluation of ISB design on the accuracy of digital scans obtained by using IOSs were included. Two investigators evaluated the studies independently by applying the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal. A third examiner was consulted to resolve any lack of consensus. Articles were classified based on the ISB features of height, geometry, material, and retention system. RESULTS Twenty articles were included. Among the reviewed studies, 11 investigations analyzed the influence of different ISB geometries, 1 study assessed the impact of ISB diameter, 4 studies investigated the effect of ISB splinting, 2 articles evaluated ISB height, and 2 studies focused on the effect of ISB material on scan accuracy. In addition, 8 studies involved ISBs fabricated with different materials (1- and 2-piece polyetheretherketone and 1-piece titanium ISBs), and all of the reviewed articles tested screw-retained ISBs, except for 3 in vitro studies. CONCLUSIONS The findings did not enable concrete conclusions regarding the optimal ISB design, whether there is a relationship between IOS technology and a specific ISB design, or the clinical condition that maximizes intraoral scanning accuracy. Research efforts are needed to identify the optimal ISB design and its possible relationship with the IOS selected for acquiring intraoral digital implant scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye Univeristy, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kois Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Revilla-León M, Lanis A, Yilmaz B, Kois JC, Gallucci GO. Intraoral digital implant scans: Parameters to improve accuracy. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:150-164. [PMID: 37586762 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the means to maximize the predictability and accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans through the evaluation of operator and patient-related factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of published articles related to factors that can decrease the scanning accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans was completed in four data sources:MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Web of Science. All studies related to variables that can influence the accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans obtained by using intraoral scanners (IOSs) were considered. These variables included ambient lighting, scanning pattern, implant scan body (ISB) design, techniques for splinting ISBs, arch location, implant position, and inter-implant distance. RESULTS Among operator-related factors, ambient lighting conditions, scanning pattern, and ISB design (material, geometry, and retention design) can impact the accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans. The optimal ISB for maximizing IOS accuracy is unclear; however, polymer ISB can wear with multiple reuse and sterilization methods. Among patient-related factors, additional variables should be considered, namely arch (maxillary vs. mandibular arch), implant position in the arch, inter-implant distance, implant depth, and angulation. CONCLUSIONS Ambient lighting conditions should be established based on the IOS selected to optimize the accuracy of intraoral digital implant scans. The optimal scanning pattern may vary based on the IOS, clinical situation, and the number of implants. The optimal ISB design may vary depending on the IOS used. Metallic implant scan bodies are preferred over polymer ISB designs to minimize wear due to multiple use and sterilization distortion. Among patient-related factors, additional variables should be considered namely the arch scanned, implant position in the arch, inter-implant distance, implant depth, and angulation. The impact of these factors may vary depending on the IOS selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alejandro Lanis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John C Kois
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Private Practice, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - German O Gallucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Akl MA, Daifallah K, Pérez-Barquero JA, Barmak AB, Wee AG, Revilla-León M. Influence of interdental spaces and the palate on the accuracy of maxillary scans acquired using different intraoral scanners. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:125-134. [PMID: 37591814 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the influence of interdental spaces and scanning the palate on the accuracy of maxillary scans acquired using three intraoral scanners (IOSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A virtual completely dentate maxillary cast without interdental spaces was obtained and modified to create 1, 2, and 3 mm of interdental spacing between the anterior teeth. These three files (reference standard tessellation language files) were used to print three reference casts. The reference casts were scanned using three IOSs: TRIOS4, iTero Element 5D, and Aoralscan2. Three groups were created based on the interdental spaces: 0, 1, 2, and 3 mm (n = 10). The groups were subdivided into two subgroups: no palate (NP subgroup) and palate (P subgroup). The reference STL files were used to measure the discrepancy with the experimental scans by calculating the root mean square (RMS) error. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey pairwise comparison tests were used to analyze trueness. The Levene test was used to analyze precision (α = 0.05). RESULTS Trueness ranged from 91 to 139 μm and precision ranged from 5 to 23 μm among the subgroups tested. A significant correlation was found between IOS*group (p<0.001) and IOS*subgroup ( p<0.001). Tukey test showed significant trueness differences among the interdental spaces tested (p<0.001). The 1- and 2-mm groups obtained better trueness than the 0- and 3-mm groups (p<0.001). An 11 μm mean trueness discrepancy was measured among the different interdental space groups tested. The P subgroups demonstrated significantly higher trueness when compared to the NP subgroups (p<0.001). The discrepancy between the maxillary scans with and without the palate was 4 μm. Significant precision discrepancies were found (p = 0.008), with the iTero group showing the lowest precision. CONCLUSION Interdental spaces and incorporation of the palate on maxillary intraoral scans influenced trueness and precision of the three IOSs tested. However, the scanning discrepancy measured may be of no clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Akl
- Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States
| | - Khaled Daifallah
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Abdul B Barmak
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alvin G Wee
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Elter B, Tak Ö. Effect of substrate adjacent to the scan region on the trueness of four intraoral scanners: An in vitro study. J Dent 2023; 138:104729. [PMID: 37778497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness of four commercially available intraoral scanners (IOSs) on scanning different substrates that existed in the adjacent proximal contact area. METHODS Four IOSs (TRIOS 4, TRIOS 3, Primescan, Omnicam) were used for scanning the intact enamel surface of a molar tooth, and six restorative materials (zirconia, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, composite resin, hybrid ceramic, feldspathic ceramic, metal) that were located at the adjacent proximal contact area of the same tooth. Reference scans were obtained using an extraoral scanner (inEos X5). A 3-dimensional analyzing software (Geomagic Control X) was used to compare the reference and tested scans. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni correction was performed for statistical analyses (α=0.05). RESULTS TRIOS 3 and TRIOS 4 showed higher trueness than Primescan, and Primescan showed higher trueness than Omnicam (p<0.001), while there were no differences between TRIOS 3 and TRIOS 4. Metal showed significantly higher Root Mean Square values (0.273 ± 0.24 mm) than other substrates. No difference was found between the scanners' zirconia, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, composite, and feldspathic ceramic scans (p > 0.05). For the metal, TRIOS 3 and TRIOS 4 showed higher trueness than Primescan and Omnicam, while Omnicam showed lower trueness among all scanners. For the hybrid ceramic, TRIOS 3 showed higher trueness than Omnicam (p<0.001). For the enamel, TRIOS 3 showed higher trueness than Primescan and Omnicam (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The trueness of IOSs can be affected by the substrates that exist in the proximal contact area. Amongst all, the metal substrate affected most the trueness of the IOSs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The clinician should decide on the impression system, taking into account that the IOS and the surfaces to be scanned affect the trueness of the digital data. The deviation of the digital impression would be high in the presence of a metal restoration on the adjacent proximal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Elter
- Baskent University, Istanbul Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Önjen Tak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Istinye University, Topkapı, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gao M, Guo X, Fu Y, Li M, Ma X, Chen Z. Comparison of the Time and Accuracy of Intraoral Scans Performed by Dentists, Nurses, Postgraduates, and Undergraduates. Oper Dent 2023; 48:648-656. [PMID: 37881030 DOI: 10.2341/23-013-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the scanning time (ST) and accuracy of 10 repeated upper and lower dentition scans by four groups of operators with different professional backgrounds. METHODS There were a total of 32 participants, including dentists, nurses, postgraduates, and undergraduates (n=8). They received the same training about intraoral scanning and then performed 10 repeat scans on the plaster maxillary and mandibular dentition models in a manikin head, with the first five scans being the T1 phase and the last five scans being the T2 phase. Each ST was recorded. Trueness and precision were evaluated by root mean square (RMS) value gained from alignments of corresponding virtual models. For statistical analysis, the paired-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests were employed (α=0.05). RESULTS Limiting the comparison in scan phase and scan target the sequence of STs for the four groups was the same (p<0.05), by which undergraduates, postgraduates, nurses, and dentists were in descending order. Undergraduates gained the best precision, followed by postgraduates, dentists, and nurses, in both maxillary and mandibular scanning (p<0.05). Compared with corresponding items of the T1 phase, the trueness of the T2 phase was much higher (p<0.05), while the ST of the T2 phase was much shorter (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The operator's professional background affects the precision and scanning time but not the trueness. Most dental personnel have good access to the intraoral scanner. As the number of scans increased, the accuracy and scanning efficiency also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gao
- Maomao Gao, MS, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, China
| | - X Guo
- Xiaoyang Guo, MS, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, China
| | - Y Fu
- Yixuan Fu, MS, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, China
| | - M Li
- Meng Li, Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, China
| | - X Ma
- Xiaoping Ma, Restoration Technician's Studio of Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, China
| | - Z Chen
- *Zhiyu Chen, DDS, Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei, China
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Alkadi L. A Comprehensive Review of Factors That Influence the Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3291. [PMID: 37958187 PMCID: PMC10650453 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraoral scanners (IOSs) have become increasingly popular in the field of dentistry for capturing accurate digital impressions of patients' teeth and oral structures. This study investigates the various factors influencing their accuracy. An extensive search of scholarly literature was carried out via PubMed, utilizing appropriate keywords. Factors evaluated in the included studies were categorized into three primary divisions: those related to the operator, the patient, and the IOS itself. The analysis demonstrated that the accuracy of intraoral scanning is influenced by various factors such as scanner selection, operator skill, calibration, patient's oral anatomy, ambient conditions, and scanning aids. Maintaining updated software and understanding factors beyond scanner resolution are crucial for optimal accuracy. Conversely, smaller IOS tips, fast scanning speeds, and specific scanning patterns compromise the accuracy and precision. By understanding these factors, dental professionals can make more informed decisions and enhance the accuracy of IOSs, leading to improved final dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Alkadi
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
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Vitai V, Németh A, Sólyom E, Czumbel LM, Szabó B, Fazekas R, Gerber G, Hegyi P, Hermann P, Borbély J. Evaluation of the accuracy of intraoral scanners for complete-arch scanning: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent 2023; 137:104636. [PMID: 37516338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the complete-arch scanning accuracy of different intraoral scanners (IOSs) to that of reference standard tessellation language (STL) files. DATA Studies comparing the trueness and precision of IOS STL files with those of reference STL scans for different arch types (dentate, edentulous, completely edentulous with implants, and partially edentulous with implants) were included in this study. SOURCES An electronic search of five databases restricted to the English Language was conducted in October 2021. STUDY SELECTION A total of 3,815 studies were identified, of which 114 were eligible for inclusion. After study selection and data extraction, pair-wise comparison and NMA were performed to define the accuracy of scanning for four arch subgroups using four outcomes (trueness and precision expressed as mean absolute deviation and root mean square values). Cochrane guidelines and the QUADAS-2 tool were used to assess the risk of bias. GRADE was used for certainty assessment. RESULTS Fifty-three articles were included in this NMA. Altogether, 26 IOSs were compared directly and indirectly in 10 network systems. The accuracy of IOSs scans were not significantly different from the reference scans for dentate arches (three IOSs), edentulous arches (three IOSs), and completely edentulous arches with implants (one IOS). The accuracy of the IOSs was significantly different from the reference scans for partially edentulous arches with implants. Significant accuracy differences were found between the IOSs, regardless of clinical scenarios. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of complete-arch scanning by IOSs differs based on clinical scenarios. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Different IOSs should be used according to the complete arch type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Vitai
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Németh
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Sólyom
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Periodontology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Márk Czumbel
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Periodontology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Szabó
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Fazekas
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gerber
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Section of Oral Morphology, Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hermann
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Borbély
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Emam NS, Khamis MM, Abdelhamid AM, Ezzelarab S. Digitization accuracy and scannability of different prosthodontic materials: An in vitro trial. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:252.e1-252.e8. [PMID: 37468368 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Digital scanning of different prosthodontic materials is commonplace in contemporary practice. However, the scannability of prosthodontic materials has not been thoroughly investigated. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the scanning accuracy and measure the unscanned area in a preset time limit of commonly used framework materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A mandibular acrylic resin reference dental typodont with 3 teeth, with the central one prepared for a complete coverage crown, was digitized by using a desktop scanner. A complete coverage crown was generated in standard tessellation language (STL) format. Three groups were created from the digital design according to the crown material: milled polyetheretherketone (PEEK), milled airborne-particle abraded titanium, and milled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). They were scanned with the desktop scanner to be used as reference files for each group. The intraoral scanner Medit i700 was used to digitize each specimen 10 times (n=10). Using a nonmetrology grade software program, the deviations between the test STL file of the intraoral scanner and the reference STL file of the desktop scanner were assessed by using the RMS values. The unscanned surface area in a preset time limit of 6 seconds (scannability) was assessed. Groups were compared by using 1-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test with Bonferroni correction when the results were significant. All tests were 2-tailed (α=0.05). RESULTS Regarding deviation analysis, RMS discrepancies were computed, and significant differences in trueness were found (P<.001) among the 3 studied groups. The titanium group had the highest trueness followed by the PEEK and PMMA groups, which were statistically similar (P>.05). Precision differed significantly among the 3 studied groups (P<.001). PEEK was the most precisely scanned material followed by titanium, and the PMMA group had the least precision. Regarding scannability, there were overall significant differences (P<.001). Titanium was the most scannable, followed by PEEK and then PMMA. CONCLUSIONS Airborne-particle abraded titanium had better trueness and scannability than PEEK and PMMA. However, PEEK was the most precisely scanned material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Samy Emam
- Assistant Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, El-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt; and PhD Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Bab Sharqi, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Moataz Khamis
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Bab Sharqi, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Bab Sharqi, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
| | - Salah Ezzelarab
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Bab Sharqi, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
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20
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Agustín-Panadero R, Estada MIC, Alonso Pérez-Barquero J, Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Revilla-León M, Gómez-Polo M. Effect of relative humidity on the accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms of dentate complete arch intraoral digital scans. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00254-8. [PMID: 37210222 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Intraoral scanners (IOSs) have been used in dentistry for diagnostic and treatment purposes; however, the influence of environmental factors such as humidity or temperature on the accuracy of intraoral scanning is uncertain. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of relative humidity and ambient temperature on the accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms of dentate complete arch intraoral digital scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS A completely dentate mandibular typodont was digitized by using a dental laboratory scanner. Four calibrated spheres were attached following the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 20 896. A watertight box was designed to simulate 4 different relative humidity conditions (50%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) (n = 30). An IOS (TRIOS 3) was used to obtain a total of 120 complete arch digital scans (n = 120). Scanning time and number of photograms of each specimen were recorded. All the scans were exported and compared with the master cast by using a reverse engineering software program. The linear distances among the reference spheres were used to calculate trueness and precision. A unifactorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Levene tests followed by the post hoc Bonferroni test were used to analyze trueness and precision data, respectively. A unifactorial ANOVA followed by a post hoc Bonferroni test was also conducted to analyze scanning time and the number of photogram data. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found in trueness, precision, number of photograms, and scanning time (P<.05). Regarding trueness and precision, significant differences were found between the 50% and 70% relative humidity groups and the 80% and 90% relative humidity groups (P<.01). Regarding scanning time and number of photograms, significant differences were obtained among all groups, except between the 80% and 90% relative humidity groups (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS The relative humidity conditions tested influenced accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms in complete arch intraoral digital scans. High relative humidity conditions resulted in the decreased scanning accuracy, longer scanning time, and greater number of photograms of complete arch intraoral digital scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Agustín-Panadero
- Associate Professor, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Implantology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Faculty and Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; and Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
| | - Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and Director, Advanced in Implant-Prosthodontics (Post-graduate program), School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Gómez-Polo M, Cascos R, Ortega R, Barmak AB, Kois JC, Revilla-León M. Influence of arch location and scanning pattern on the scanning accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms of complete-arch intraoral digital implant scans. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023. [PMID: 37052054 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the influence of arch location and scanning pattern on the accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms of complete-arch implant scans acquired using an intraoral scanner (IOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A maxillary (maxillary group) and mandibular (mandibular group) model with 6 implant abutments on each cast was digitized using a desktop scanner (control scans). Six subgroups were created based on the scanning pattern used to acquire the scans using an IOS (Trios 4): occluso-buccal-lingual (OBL subgroup), occluso-linguo-buccal (OLB subgroup), bucco-linguo-occlusal (BLO subgroup), linguo-buccal-occlusal (LBO subgroup), zigzag (ZZ subgroup), and circumferential (C subgroup). The control scans were used as a reference to measure the discrepancy with the experimental scans calculating the root mean square error. Two-way ANOVA and the pairwise comparison Tukey tests were used to analyze the data (α = .05). RESULTS Significant discrepancies in trueness (p < .001), precision (p < .001), scanning time (p < .001), and number of photograms (p < .001) were found. The maxillary group obtained poorer trueness and precision values, higher scanning times, and a larger number of photograms than the mandibular group. The C subgroup obtained the best trueness and precision values, but was not significantly different from the OLB, BLO, and LBO subgroups. The ZZ subgroup obtained the worst trueness and precision values (p < .05). The C subgroup obtained the lowest scanning time and number of photograms (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Arch location and scanning pattern influenced scanning accuracy, scanning time, and number of photograms of complete-arch implant scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Director of Postgraduate Program of Advanced in Implant-Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Cascos
- Advanced in Implant-Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Ortega
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdul B Barmak
- Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - John C Kois
- Kois Center, Private Practice, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Graduate Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Agustín-Panadero R, Moreno DM, Pérez-Barquero JA, Fernández-Estevan L, Gómez-Polo M, Revilla-León M. Influence of type of restorative materials and surface wetness conditions on intraoral scanning accuracy. J Dent 2023; 134:104521. [PMID: 37061118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of different restorative materials and surface wetness on intraoral scanning accuracy. METHODS Reference casts with an extracted second premolar and first and second molar were digitized (L2). Four groups were established according to the material of the first molar: natural tooth (control), zirconia (Z), lithium disilicate (LD), and nanoceramic resin crown (NC). Four subgroups were developed: dry, low-, mild-, and high-wetness subgroups (n=15). All the scans were completed by using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3). In the control-dry subgroup, the reference cast was dry. In the control-low subgroup, artificial saliva was sprayed with a 1 mL/min volumetric flow for 4 seconds. In the control-mild and control-high subgroups, the same procedures as in the control-low subgroup were performed, but with a volumetric flow of 4 and of 8 mL/min, respectively. In the Z, LD and NC groups, each crown was fabricated with its respective material. Trueness was analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. The Levene and Bonferroni tests were used to assess precision (α=.05). RESULTS Material (P<.001) and wetness (P<.001) significantly influenced trueness and precision. The mild and high subgroups revealed lower trueness and precision compared with the dry and low subgroups. The control, Z, and LD groups under dry and low wetness conditions showed better trueness compared with the NC group, but the materials tested had no significant precision discrepancies. Under mild wetness conditions, all the materials showed no significant trueness discrepancies. Under high wetness conditions, the LD group demonstrated the best trueness and precision. CONCLUSIONS The restorative materials and surface wetness tested influenced scanning trueness and precision of the IOS assessed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dried surfaces are recommended to maximize the scanning accuracy values of the IOS tested. Overall, the presence of saliva can reduce the performance of the IOS tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Agustín-Panadero
- Associate Professor Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero
- Adjunt Professor, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández-Estevan
- Associate Lecturer, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Associate Professor Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Director of postgraduate program of Advanced in Implant-Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, WA; and Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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23
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Revilla-León M, Cascos-Sánchez R, Barmak AB, Kois JC, Gómez-Polo M. The effect of different tooth preparation finishing procedures and immediate dentin sealing on the scanning accuracy of different intraoral scanners. J Dent 2023; 130:104431. [PMID: 36682722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the effect of different tooth preparation finishing procedures (super-coarse grit, fine grit, and air-particle abrasion) and immediate dentin sealing (IDS) on the scanning accuracy of 4 intraoral scanners (IOSs). MATERIAL AND METHODS A tooth preparation for a full-coverage restoration was performed on an extracted mandibular molar using super-coarse diamond burs. Four groups were created depending on the tooth preparation finishing procedure: super-coarse grit (bur with a grit size of 150 µm) (SCG group), fine grit (bur with a grit size of 30 µm) (FG), air-particle abrasion with 27-µm aluminum oxide particles (APA group), and IDS (IDS group). Each group was divided into 5 subgroups according to the scanning system used to digitize the tooth preparation: laboratory scanner (control subgroup) (T710; Medit), Trios 4 (Trios subgroup), CS 3800 (CS subgroup), i700 wireless (i700 subgroup), and iTero Element 5D Plus (iTero subgroup) (n=20). For each subgroup, the control file was aligned with each experimental scan using the best-fit algorithm and an engineering program (Geomagic Control X). The discrepancy between the control and experimental files of each subgroup was computed by measuring the root mean square (RMS) error. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data (α=.05). RESULTS Tooth preparation finishing procedures (P<.001) and the IOS assessed (P<.001) were significant predictors of the trueness and precision values obtained. The highest trueness and precision values were measured in the APA group, while the IDS group had the lowest trueness and precision. Additionally, the i700 subgroup obtained the highest trueness and precision values, while the CS and Trios subgroups had the lowest trueness and precision values. CONCLUSIONS The different tooth preparations finishing procedures tested influenced on the scanning accuracy of the 4 IOSs considered. The air-particle abrasion procedure obtained the best accuracy values. The trueness discrepancies measured among all the subgroups was 19µm and the precision discrepancies measured among all the subgroups was 4.69 µm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The tooth preparation finishing procedure used can reduce the intraoral scanning accuracy of any of the intraoral scanners tested. The air-particle abrasion finishing procedure might be recommended for maximizing the scanning accuracy of the IOSs tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rocío Cascos-Sánchez
- Department of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdul B Barmak
- Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John C Kois
- Kois Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Private Practice, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Borbola D, Berkei G, Simon B, Romanszky L, Sersli G, DeFee M, Renne W, Mangano F, Vag J. In vitro comparison of five desktop scanners and an industrial scanner in the evaluation of an intraoral scanner accuracy. J Dent 2023; 129:104391. [PMID: 36549570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to compare the precision of ATOS industrial, 3ShapeE4, MeditT710, CeramillMap400, CSNeo, PlanScanLab desktop, and Mediti700 intraoral scanners. The second aim was to compare the trueness of Mediti700 assessed by ATOS and desktop scanners. METHODS Four plastic dentate models with 7-12 abutments prepared for complete arch fixed dentures were scanned by all scanners three times. Scans were segmented to retain only the abutments. The precision and trueness were calculated by superimposing scans with the best-fit algorithm. The mean absolute distance was calculated between the scan surfaces. The precision was calculated based on the 12 repeats. Trueness was evaluated by superimposing the desktop and IOS scans to the industrial scans. IOS was also aligned with the two most accurate desktop scanners. RESULTS The precision of 3ShapeE4 and MeditT710 (3-4μm) was only slightly lower than that of ATOS (1.7μm, p<0.001) and significantly higher than CeramillMap400, CSNeo, and PlanScanLab (6-10 μm, p<0.001). The trueness was the highest for the 3Shape E4 (12-13 μm) and Medit T710 (13-16 μm) without significant difference. They were significantly better than CeramillMap400, CSNeo, and PlanScanLab (22-31μm, p<0.001). Accordingly, the Mediti700 trueness was evaluated by ATOS, 3ShapeE4, and MeditT710. The three trueness was not significantly different; ATOS (23-26 μm), 3Shape E4 (22-25 μm), and Medit T710 (20-23 μm). CONCLUSIONS All desktop scanners had the acceptable accuracy required for a complete arch-fixed prosthesis. The 3Shape E4 and the Medit T710 might be used as reference scanners for studying IOS accuracy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE 3ShapeE4, MeditT710, CeramillMap400, CSNeo, PlanScanLab laboratory, and Mediti700 intraoral scanners can be used for the prosthetic workflow in a complete arch. 3ShapeE4 and the MeditT710 could be used to test the accuracy of various phases of a laboratory workflow, replacing the industrial scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Borbola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Berkei
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary; Private practice, Helvetic Clinics, Revay Dental Center Zrt. Révay utca 12, H-1065, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Simon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Romanszky
- Dental technicians, Artifex Dentis Kft. Révay utca 12, H-1065 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Sersli
- Dental technicians, Artifex Dentis Kft. Révay utca 12, H-1065 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael DeFee
- Modern Optimized Dentistry Institute, 320 Broad St. #210 Charleston, SC 29401 USA
| | - Walter Renne
- Modern Optimized Dentistry Institute, 320 Broad St. #210 Charleston, SC 29401 USA
| | - Francesco Mangano
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Sechenov First State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya street 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Janos Vag
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi utca 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Karasan D, Sailer I, Lee H, Demir F, Zarauz C, Akca K. Occlusal adjustment of 3-unit tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses fabricated with complete-digital and -analog workflows: A crossover clinical trial. J Dent 2023; 128:104365. [PMID: 36403691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This prospective crossover clinical trial aimed to compare the complete-digital and -analog workflows in terms of occlusal adjustment of 3-unit tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses, operator, and patient preferences. MATERIALS AND METHOD This study included twelve patients receiving fourteen 3-unit posterior FDPs. 2 FDPs were made for each restoration site: one fabricated in complete-digital workflow comprising intraoral scan with static bite registration (Trios 3) and a monolithic zirconia FDP (test); the other fabricated in complete-analog workflow comprising conventional impression/face-bow transfer and a porcelain-fused-to-metal FDP (control). The FDPs (n=28) were intraorally/provisionally fixed, and quadrant-like intraoral scans were taken for every FDP before & after their occlusal adjustments. Pre- and post-adjustment scans of each FDP were then superimposed using best-fit alignment (GOM Inspect) to measure the volumetric occlusal adjustment amount (mm3) (3Matic) (Mann Whitney U, α=0.05). The patient and operator experience for digital and analog workflows were evaluated using visual analog scales (Wilcoxon test, α=0.05). RESULTS Mean occlusal adjustments were 7.63 mm3 [±7.02] and 25.95 mm3 [±39.61] for test and control groups, respectively. The volumetric adjustment difference was clinically noticeable but not significant (P=0.12). The impression and digital workflow adjustment were perceived more favorably by both operator (P=0.003, P=0.046, respectively) and the patients (P=0.003, P=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this clinical study, the complete digital workflow with digital static bite-registration provided high occlusal accuracy for short-span tooth-supported FDPs. In addition, the patient and operator preferences significantly favored the digital workflow. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Complete-digital workflow employing intraoral scanning and model-free fabrication of monolithic-Zr short-span tooth-supported FDPs offers an effective treatment modality with sufficient occlusal accuracy. Therefore complete-digital workflow is a valid alternative for complete-analog workflow comprising conventional impression, face-bow transfer, and use of a semi-adjustable articulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Karasan
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics for Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Irena Sailer
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics for Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hyeonjong Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fatmanur Demir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cristina Zarauz
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics for Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kivanc Akca
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Revilla-León M, Kois DE, Kois JC. A guide for maximizing the accuracy of intraoral digital scans: Part 2-Patient factors. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:241-249. [PMID: 36639916 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the factors related to patient intraoral conditions that impact the scanning accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOSs). A new classification for these influencing factors is proposed to facilitate dental professionals' decision-making and maximize the accuracy and reliability of intraoral digital scans. OVERVIEW Variables related to intraoral conditions of the patient that can influence the scanning accuracy of IOSs include tooth type, presence of interdental spaces, arch width variations, palate characteristics, wetness, existing restorations, characteristics of the surface being digitized, edentulous areas, interimplant distance, position, angulation, and depth of existing implants, and implant scan body selection. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge and understanding of the patient's intraoral conditions that can impact the scanning accuracy of IOSs is a fundamental element for maximizing the accuracy of IOSs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The patient's intraoral conditions, or patient factors, can significantly impact intraoral scanning accuracy. Dental professionals must know and understand these influencing patient factors to maximize the accuracy of IOSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dean E Kois
- Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Private Practice, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John C Kois
- Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Private Practice, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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27
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Llansana F, Guirao S, Kois JC, Revilla-León M. Calibrated splinting framework for complete arch intraoral implant digital scans manufactured by combining milled and additively manufacturing technologies: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00558-3. [PMID: 36535880 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Splinting frameworks are intended to increase the accuracy of complete arch intraoral digital implant scans. This article describes a technique that uses a calibrated splinting framework manufactured by combining milled and additively manufacturing technologies (IOSRing) for assisting with complete arch intraoral digital implant scanning. The splinting framework contains milled truncated cone-shape markers whose position in the metal framework is measured during the manufacturing process with a coordinate measurement machine. This framework splints the modified implant scan bodies and assists in the complete arch intraoral implant digital scanning. Computer-aided design procedures are then used to calculate the implant position on the virtual definitive implant cast by using the position of the calibrated markers as a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergi Guirao
- Chief Visionary Officer at iOSFIX, Aldosa, Andorra
| | - John C Kois
- Founder and Director Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Affiliate Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Private practice, Seattle, Wash
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
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Revilla-León M, Gómez-Polo M, Zeitler JM, Barmak AB, Kois JC, Pérez-Barquero JA. Does the available interocclusal space influence the accuracy of the maxillomandibular relationship captured with an intraoral scanner? J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00564-9. [PMID: 36349566 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The accuracy of a maxillomandibular relationship acquired by intraoral scanners (IOSs) has been previously analyzed; however, the impact of the interocclusal space on the accuracy of the maxillomandibular relationship remains unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate the influence of the interocclusal space (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 degrees of incisal opening in the articulator) on the accuracy of the maxillomandibular relationship captured with an IOS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Markers were attached to the first molars and canines of maxillary and mandibular diagnostic casts, which were mounted on a semi-adjustable articulator, and digital scans were acquired (TRIOS 4). Both digital scans were duplicated 100 times and distributed into 5 groups depending on the incisal pin opening in the articulator (n=20): 0 (Group 0), 1 (Group 1), 2 (Group 2), 3 (Group 3), and 4 degrees (Group 4). In Group 0 (control), the casts were maintained in maximum intercuspation (MIP) with the incisal pin of the articulator set at 0 degrees. Then, a bilateral virtual occlusal record was acquired and automatically processed by using the IOS software program. A laboratory scanner (Medit T500) was used to digitize the mounted casts. The same procedures were completed in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 but with the incisal pin set at 1, 2, 3, and 4 degrees respectively. The interlandmark distances were used to calculate the discrepancies between the control and groups tested. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise comparison Tukey HSD tests were used to inspect the data (α=.05). RESULTS The interocclusal space available when capturing the occlusal records affected the trueness of the maxillomandibular virtual relationship measured (P<.001). Group 0 (135 μm) obtained the highest distortion, while Group 3 (73 μm) and Group 4 (71 μm) showed the lowest distortion. Additionally, the interocclusal space available (P<.001) impacted the precision of the maxillomandibular virtual relationship measured. Group 0 (111 μm) obtained the highest distortion, while Group 4 (precision mean value of 59 μm) had the lowest distortion among the groups tested. CONCLUSIONS The interocclusal space available when acquiring virtual bilateral occlusal records using the IOS tested impacted the accuracy of the maxillomandibular relationship. The smallest available interocclusal space tested (maximum intercuspation) showed the worst trueness and precision mean values, while the group with the largest interocclusal space available had the highest trueness and precision mean values among the groups studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Faculty and Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
| | - Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Associate Professor and Program Director of Graduate in Advanced Implant Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Abdul B Barmak
- Assistant Professor Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - John C Kois
- Director, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Affiliate Professor, Graduate in Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Private practice, Seattle, Wash
| | - Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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