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Gaździcka J, Gołąbek K, Hudy D, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Tynior W, Asman M, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. Selected SNPs of FCN2 Associated with Chronic Tonsillitis in the Polish Adult Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020242. [PMID: 36833169 PMCID: PMC9956357 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic tonsillitis is a problem related to bacterial and viral infections. Ficolins play a key role in the defence against various pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the associations between the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FCN2 gene and chronic tonsillitis in the Polish population. The study included 101 patients with chronic tonsillitis and 101 healthy individuals. The selected SNPs of FCN2 (rs3124953, rs17514136 and rs3124954) were genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays (Applied Biosystem, Foster City, CA, USA). The analysis of rs17514136 and rs3124953 showed no significant differences in genotype frequencies between the chronic tonsillitis patients and controls (p > 0.01). The CT genotype of rs3124954 was significantly more frequent, while the CC genotype was less frequent in chronic tonsillitis patients (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). The frequency of the A/G/T haplotype (rs17514136/rs3124953/rs3124954) was significantly more common in chronic tonsillitis patients (p = 0.0011). Moreover, the FCN2 CT genotype of rs3124954 was associated with a higher risk of chronic tonsillitis, while the CC genotype of rs3124954 decreased this risk. Our findings demonstrate that FCN2 rs3124954 may be associated with chronic tonsillitis in the Polish adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Tynior
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Asman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Tsakanova G, Stepanyan A, Steffensen R, Soghoyan A, Jensenius JC, Arakelyan A. Pattern Recognition Molecules of Lectin Complement Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:1347-1368. [PMID: 34707385 PMCID: PMC8544564 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s326242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to investigate in an Armenian population the levels of pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of lectin complement pathway (LCP), MBL (mannan-binding lectin) and M-ficolin in plasma in ischemic stroke (IS), and the possible association of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MBL2, FCN1 and FCN2 genes. Patients and Methods A total of 122 patients with IS and 150 control subjects were included in this study. Immunofluorometric assays (TRIFMAs) and real-time polymerase chain reactions with TaqMan probes were conducted. Results According to the results, the levels of M-ficolin in IS patients are significantly higher than in control subjects, and the MBL2 rs11003125 and rs12780112 SNPs, as well as MBL2 rs12780112*T and FCN1 rs10120023*T minor alleles (MAs) are negatively associated with the risk of IS. Further, MBL2 rs11003125 and rs1800450 SNPs and the carriage of their MAs, as well as FCN1 rs2989727 SNP and the carriage of FCN1 rs10120023*T MA significantly alter plasma MBL and M-ficolin levels in IS patients, respectively. Five common haplotypes in MBL2 gene and three common haplotypes in FCN1 and FCN2 genes were revealed, among which CGTC was negatively associated with IS and decreasing MBL plasma levels in IS. Conclusion In conclusion, we suggest that LCP PRMs are associated with the risk of developing IS, and may also participate in pathological events leading to post-ischemic brain damage. This study emphasizes the important contribution of alterations of LCP PRMs on genomic and proteomic levels to the pathomechanisms of ischemic stroke, at least in an Armenian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia.,CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ani Stepanyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Armine Soghoyan
- "Surb Grigor Lusavorich" Medical Center CJSC, Yerevan, Armenia
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van Kempen G, Meijvis S, Endeman H, Vlaminckx B, Meek B, de Jong B, Rijkers G, Bos WJ. Mannose-binding lectin and l-ficolin polymorphisms in patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by intracellular pathogens. Immunology 2017; 151:81-88. [PMID: 28032346 PMCID: PMC5382344 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading infectious disease requiring hospitalization in the western world. Genetic variability affecting the host response to infection may play a role in susceptibility and outcome in patients with CAP. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and l-ficolin (l-FCN) are two important activators of the complement system and they can enhance phagocytosis by opsonization. In a prospective cohort of 505 Dutch patients with CAP and 227 control participants we studied whether polymorphisms in the MBL (MBL2) and FCN (FCN2) genes influenced susceptibility and outcome. No difference in frequency of these genotypes was found between patients with CAP in general and controls. However, the +6424G>T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in FCN2 was more common in patients with a Coxiella burnetii pneumonia (P = 0·014). Moreover, the haplotypes coding for the highest MBL serum levels (YA/YA and YA/XA) predisposed to atypical pneumonia (C. burnetii, Legionella or Chlamydia species or Mycoplasma pneumoniae) compared with controls (P = 0·016). Furthermore, patients with these haplotypes were more often bacteraemic (P = 0·019). It can therefore be concluded that MBL2 and FCN2 polymorphisms are not major risk factors for CAP in general, but that the +6424G>T SNP in the FCN2 gene predisposes to C. burnetii pneumonia. In addition, patients with genotypes corresponding with high serum MBL levels are at risk for atypical pneumonia, possibly caused by enhanced phagocytosis, thereby promoting cell entry of these intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs van Kempen
- Department of Internal MedicineSt Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sabine Meijvis
- Department of Internal MedicineSt Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Henrik Endeman
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineOnze Lieve Vrouwen GasthuisAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bart Vlaminckx
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologySt Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Bob Meek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologySt Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Ben de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologySt Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Ger Rijkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologySt Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
- Department of SciencesRoosevelt AcademyMiddelburgThe Netherlands
| | - Willem Jan Bos
- Department of Internal MedicineSt Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
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Addobbati C, de Azevêdo Silva J, Tavares NAC, Monticielo O, Xavier RM, Brenol JCT, Crovella S, Chies JAB, Sandrin-Garcia P. Ficolin Gene Polymorphisms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Hum Genet 2016; 80:1-6. [PMID: 26464189 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are complex autoimmune diseases characterized by an immune balance breakdown and by chronic inflammation. Several findings link SLE and RA development with the complement system and ficolin components have emerged as candidates for disease development. Since genetic association studies with ficolin genes in SLE and RA have not yet been conducted in a Brazilian population, the aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms of ficolin-1(FCN1) and ficolin-2 (FCN2) genes are associated with SLE and RA susceptibility as well as disease manifestation. Two SNPs within FCN1 (rs2989727 and 1071583) and three in FCN2 (rs17514136, rs3124954, and rs7851696) were studied in 208 SLE and184 RA patients as well as 264 healthy individuals in a Southeast Brazilian population. For SLE patients, the FCN2 rs17514136 SNP was associated with a more severe disease (SLICC) (p = 0.0067). Furthermore, an association between the occurrence of nephritis and the T/T genotype for FCN2 rs3124954 SNP (p = 0.047, OR = 3.17, 95%CI = 1.34-7.5) was observed. No association was observed between the studied polymorphisms and RA development. Thus, our data support involvement of the FCN2 gene in the SLE phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Addobbati
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Azevêdo Silva
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nathália A C Tavares
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Odirlei Monticielo
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Xavier
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Carlos T Brenol
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Artur B Chies
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Sandrin-Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Xu DD, Wang C, Jiang F, Wei LL, Shi LY, Yu XM, Liu CM, Liu XH, Feng XM, Ping ZP, Jiang TT, Chen ZL, Li ZJ, Li JC. Association of the FCN2 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138356. [PMID: 26379154 PMCID: PMC4574923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolin-2 (FCN2) is an innate immune pattern recognition molecule that can activate the complement pathway, opsonophagocytosis, and elimination of the pathogens. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the FCN2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). A total of seven SNPs in exon 8 (+6359 C>T and +6424 G>T) and in the promoter region (-986 G>A, -602 G>A, -557 A>G, -64 A>C and -4 A>G) of the FCN2 gene were genotyped using the PCR amplification and DNA sequencing methods in the healthy controls group (n = 254) and the pulmonary TB group (n = 282). The correlation between SNPs and pulmonary TB was analyzed using the logistic regression method. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the distribution of allelic frequencies of seven SNPs between the pulmonary TB group and the healthy controls group. However, the frequency of the variant homozygous genotype (P = 0.037, -557 A>G; P = 0.038, -64 A>C; P = 0.024, +6424 G>T) in the TB group was significantly lower than the control group. After adjustment for age and gender, these variant homozygous genotypes were found to be recessive models in association with pulmonary TB. In addition, -64 A>C (P = 0.047) and +6424 G>T (P = 0.03) were found to be codominant models in association with pulmonary TB. There was strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.80, P < 0.0001) between 7 SNPs except the -602 G>A site. Therefore, -557 A>G, -64 A>C and +6424 G>T SNPs of the FCN2 gene were correlated with pulmonary TB, and may be protective factors for TB. This study provides a novel idea for the prevention and control of TB transmission from a genetics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Li-Liang Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Hong Liu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Min Feng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Peng Ping
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Jie Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Endo Y, Matsushita M, Fujita T. New insights into the role of ficolins in the lectin pathway of innate immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 316:49-110. [PMID: 25805122 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the innate immune system, a variety of recognition molecules provide the first-line host defense to prevent infection and maintain endogenous homeostasis. Ficolin is a soluble recognition molecule, which senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns on microbes and aberrant sugar structures on self-cells. It consists of a collagen-like stalk and a globular fibrinogen-like domain, the latter binding to carbohydrates such as N-acetylglucosamine. Ficolins have been widely identified in animals from higher invertebrates to mammals. In mammals, ficolins form complexes with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs), and ficolin-MASP complexes trigger complement activation via the lectin pathway. Once activated, complement mediates many immune responses including opsonization, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. Although the precise function of each ficolin is still under investigation, accumulating information suggests that ficolins have a crucial role in host defense by recognizing a variety of microorganisms and interacting with effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Radioisotope Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima General Hygiene Institute, Fukushima, Japan
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Ramirez GA, Rovere-Querini P, Sabbadini MG, Manfredi AA. Parietal and intravascular innate mechanisms of vascular inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:16. [PMID: 25889488 PMCID: PMC4308901 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained inflammation of the vessel walls occurs in a large number of systemic diseases (ranging from atherosclerosis to systemic vasculitides, thrombotic microangiopathies and connective tissue diseases), which are ultimately characterized by ischemia and end-organ failure. Cellular and humoral innate immunity contribute to a common pathogenic background and comprise several potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we discuss some recent advances in the effector and regulatory action of neutrophils and in the outcome of their interaction with circulating platelets. In parallel, we discuss novel insights into the role of humoral innate immunity in vascular inflammation. All these topics are discussed in light of potential clinical and therapeutic implications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Ramirez
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Sabbadini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Luz PR, Boldt ABW, Grisbach C, Kun JFJ, Velavan TP, Messias-Reason IJT. Association of L-ficolin levels and FCN2 genotypes with chronic Chagas disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60237. [PMID: 23593180 PMCID: PMC3617223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-ficolin (encoded by FCN2) binds to acetylated sugar moieties of many pathogens, including Trypanosoma cruzi, promoting their phagocytosis and lysis by the complement system. METHODS We investigated L-ficolin levels in 160 T. cruzi infected patients with chronic Chagas disease and 71 healthy individuals, and FCN2 polymorphisms (-986 G>A, -602 G>A, and -4 A>G in the promoter and A258S in exon 8) in 243 patients, being 88 indeterminate (asymptomatic), 96 with cardiac, 23 with digestive and 33 with cardiodigestive manifestations (two were unspecified) and 305 controls (135 for A258S). RESULTS Patients presented lower L-ficolin plasma levels than controls (p<0.0001). Among the different groups of cardiac commitment, individuals with moderate forms had higher L-ficolin levels than the severe forms (P = 0.039). Lower L-ficolin levels were found associated with the 258S variant in the patients (P = 0.034). We found less -4A/G heterozygotes in the cardiac patients, than in the controls (OR = 0.56 [95% CI = 0.33-0.94], P = 0.034). Heterozygote -4A/G genotypes with the 258S variant and 258SS homozygotes were nevertheless more frequent among cardiodigestive patients than in controls (OR = 14.1 [95% CI = 3.5-56.8], P = 0.0001) and in indeterminate patients (OR = 3.2 [95% CI = 1.1-9.4], P = 0.037). We also found an association of the allelic frequency of the 258S variant with cardiodigestive Chagas disease compared to controls (OR = 2.24 [95% CI = 1.1-4.5], P = 0.037). Thus, decreased patient levels of L-ficolin reflect not only protein consumption due to the disease process, but also the higher frequency of the 258S variant in patients with cardiodigestive symptoms. CONCLUSION The very first study on Brazilian cohort associates both L-ficolin plasma levels and FCN2 variants to Chagas disease and subsequent disease progression. The prognostic value of L-ficolin levels and the FCN2*A258S polymorphism should be further evaluated in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola R. Luz
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular – Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angelica B. W. Boldt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular – Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Caroline Grisbach
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular – Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jürgen F. J. Kun
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Iara J. T. Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular – Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Hou S, Yang Z, Du L, Jiang Z, Shu Q, Chen Y, Li F, Zhou Q, Ohno S, Chen R, Kijlstra A, Rosenbaum JT, Yang P. Identification of a susceptibility locus in STAT4 for Behçet's disease in Han Chinese in a genome-wide association study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 64:4104-13. [PMID: 23001997 DOI: 10.1002/art.37708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify susceptibility loci for Behçet's disease (BD) and elucidate their functional role. METHODS A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and functional studies were conducted. A total of 149 patients and 951 controls were enrolled in the initial GWAS, and 554 patients and 1,159 controls were enrolled in the replication study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, luciferase reporter assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed. RESULTS Our GWAS and replication studies identified a susceptibility locus around STAT4 (single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] rs7574070, rs7572482, and rs897200; P = 3.36 × 10(-7) to 6.20 × 10(-9) ). Increased expression of STAT4 was observed in individuals carrying the rs897200 risk genotype AA. Consistent with the idea that STAT4 regulates the production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ, IL17 messenger RNA and protein levels were increased in individuals carrying the rs897200 risk genotype AA. Interestingly, the risk allele A of rs897200 creates a putative transcription factor binding site. To test whether it directly affects STAT4 transcription, an in vitro luciferase reporter gene assay was performed. Higher transcription activity was observed in individuals carrying the risk allele A, suggesting that rs897200 is likely to directly affect STAT4 expression. Additionally, 2 SNPs, rs7574070 and rs7572482, which are tightly linked with rs897200, were cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) SNPs, suggesting that SNP rs897200 is an eQTL SNP. Most importantly, the clinical disease severity score was higher in individuals with the rs897200 risk genotype AA. CONCLUSION These findings strongly suggest that STAT4 is a novel locus underlying BD. We propose a model in which up-regulation of STAT4 expression and subsequent STAT4-driven production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, constitute a potential pathway leading to BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
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10
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Ojurongbe O, Ouf EA, Van Tong H, Toan NL, Song LH, Luz PR, Messias-Reason IJT, Nurjadi D, Zanger P, Kun JFJ, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP. Reliable and rapid characterization of functional FCN2 gene variants reveals diverse geographical patterns. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:37. [PMID: 22594803 PMCID: PMC3458960 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ficolin-2 coded by FCN2 gene is a soluble serum protein and an innate immune recognition element of the complement system. FCN2 gene polymorphisms reveal distinct geographical patterns and are documented to alter serum ficolin levels and modulate disease susceptibility. METHODS We employed a real-time PCR based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) method to genotype four functional SNPs including -986 G > A (#rs3124952), -602 G > A (#rs3124953), -4A > G (#rs17514136) and +6424 G > T (#rs7851696) in the ficolin-2 (FCN2) gene. We characterized the FCN2 variants in individuals representing Brazilian (n = 176), Nigerian (n = 180), Vietnamese (n = 172) and European Caucasian ethnicity (n = 165). RESULTS We observed that the genotype distribution of three functional SNP variants (-986 G > A, -602 G > A and -4A > G) differ significantly between the populations investigated (p < 0.0001). The SNP variants were highly linked to each other and revealed significant population patterns. Also the distribution of haplotypes revealed distinct geographical patterns (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The observed distribution of the FCN2 functional SNP variants may likely contribute to altered serum ficolin levels and this may depend on the different disease settings in world populations. To conclude, the use of FRET based real-time PCR especially for FCN2 gene will benefit a larger scientific community who extensively depend on rapid, reliable method for FCN2 genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Ojurongbe
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Eman Abou Ouf
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nguyen L Toan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le H Song
- Tran Hung Dao Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Paola R Luz
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular-Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Iara JT Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular-Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dennis Nurjadi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Zanger
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen FJ Kun
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Kilpatrick DC, Chalmers JD. Human L-ficolin (ficolin-2) and its clinical significance. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:138797. [PMID: 22500076 PMCID: PMC3303570 DOI: 10.1155/2012/138797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human L-ficolin (P35, ficolin-2) is synthesised in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream where it is one of the major pattern recognition molecules of plasma/serum. Like other ficolins, it consists of a collagen-like tail region linked to a fibrinogen-related globular head; a basic triplet subunit arises via a collagen-like triple helix, and this then forms higher multimers (typically a 12-mer, Mr 400K). Unlike other ficolins, it has a complex set of binding sites arranged within an internal cleft enabling it to recognise a variety of molecular patterns including acetylated sugars and certain 1,3-β-glucans. It is one of the few molecules known to activate the lectin pathway of complement. Recently, some disease association studies (at either the DNA or protein level) have implicated L-ficolin in innate immunity, where it might cooperate with pentraxins and collectins. Emerging lines of evidence point to a role for L-ficolin in respiratory immunity, where its affinity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Kilpatrick
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, National Science Laboratory, Edinburgh, UK.
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12
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Meijvis SCA, Herpers BL, Endeman H, de Jong B, van Hannen E, van Velzen-Blad H, Krediet RT, Struijk DG, Biesma DH, Bos WJW. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL2) and ficolin-2 (FCN2) polymorphisms in patients on peritoneal dialysis with staphylococcal peritonitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:1042-5. [PMID: 20682603 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin-2 (FCN) are activators of the lectin pathway of complement and act as primary defences against infection. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MBL2 and FCN2 genes influence the functionality of the proteins. Both proteins are capable of binding staphylococci, which are pathogens that frequently cause peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We studied the role of polymorphisms in the MBL2 and FCN2 genes as a risk factor for developing CAPD peritonitis caused by staphylococci. METHODS We analysed SNPs in the MBL2 and FCN2 genes in 40 CAPD patients with staphylococcal peritonitis and in 65 CAPD patients without any history of peritonitis. Additionally, we analysed the prevalence of exit site infections and nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in both groups. RESULTS The + 6359C > T SNP leading to the Thr236Met amino acid alteration in the FCN2 gene, associated with decreased substrate binding, was significantly more prevalent in CAPD patients with a history of staphylococcal peritonitis compared with patients on CAPD without a history of peritonitis (P = 0.037). No difference was found in MBL2 genotypes between the two groups. In CAPD patients with a history of staphylococcal peritonitis, exit site infection with S. aureus was also more prevalent (P < 0.01), while S. aureus carriage was not (P = 0.073). CONCLUSIONS In addition to known risk factors such as exit site infection, the + 6359C > T SNP in the FCN2 gene might be a risk factor for staphylococcal peritonitis in CAPD patients due to decreased binding of FCN to staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine C A Meijvis
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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13
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Cedzynski M, Atkinson APM, St Swierzko A, MacDonald SL, Szala A, Zeman K, Buczylko K, Bak-Romaniszyn L, Wiszniewska M, Matsushita M, Szemraj J, Banasik M, Turner ML, Kilpatrick DC. L-ficolin (ficolin-2) insufficiency is associated with combined allergic and infectious respiratory disease in children. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:415-9. [PMID: 19767106 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported an association between relative L-ficolin deficiency and recurrent respiratory infections co-existing with allergic disorders in children. To confirm and extend this preliminary finding, we performed a prospective study on children of a similar age (mean 8.9 years) designed to establish whether the principal relationship was with infection or allergy. Serum L-ficolin values in healthy children were normally distributed with a mean value of 3838 ng/ml. L-ficolin concentrations were generally lower in patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis with (mean 3413 ng/ml; p=0.02) or without (3512 ng/ml; p<0.07) respiratory infections, but not in patients with respiratory infections without allergic disease (3623 ng/ml; p=0.2). The lower average values in the group comprised of children with respiratory allergy and infections were largely due to a high proportion of very low values: 18.3% had values below 2150 ng/ml compared to only 5.5% of healthy controls (OR=3.9; p=0.01). This relationship was not apparent in the groups characterized by allergy without infection or infections without allergy. An association between mannan-binding lectin (MBL) insufficiency and recurrent respiratory infections was also confirmed. One of the patients was MASP-2 deficient, evidenced both by MASP2 genotyping and by lectin pathway activity measurement. In conclusion, L-ficolin may confer some protection from microorganisms that exacerbate allergic inflammation in the lung and its relative deficiency may contribute to enhanced susceptibility to respiratory infections. MBL insufficiency and MASP-2 deficiency are risk factors for recurrence of infections independently of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Cedzynski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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14
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Garred P, Honoré C, Ma YJ, Munthe-Fog L, Hummelshøj T. MBL2, FCN1, FCN2 and FCN3-The genes behind the initiation of the lectin pathway of complement. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2737-44. [PMID: 19501910 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and the ficolins (Ficolin-1, Ficolin-2 and Ficolin-3) are soluble collagen-like proteins that are involved in innate immune defence. They bind sugar structures or acetylated compounds present on microorganisms and on dying host cells and they initiate activation of the lectin complement pathway in varying degrees. Common variant alleles situated both in promoter and structural regions of the human MBL gene (MBL2) influence the stability and the serum concentration of the protein. Although not as thoroughly investigated as the MBL2 gene polymorphisms the ficolin genes (FCNs) also exhibit genetic variations affecting both the serum concentration, stability and binding capacity of the corresponding proteins. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the genetically determined variations in MBL serum concentrations influence the susceptibility to and the course of different types of diseases, while the importance of the ficolins in general and the genetic variation in the FCNs genes in particular is still largely unresolved. This overview will summarize the current molecular knowledge of the human MBL2, FCN1, FCN2 and FCN3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Zhang J, Koh J, Lu J, Thiel S, Leong BSH, Sethi S, He CYX, Ho B, Ding JL. Local inflammation induces complement crosstalk which amplifies the antimicrobial response. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000282. [PMID: 19180241 PMCID: PMC2629585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By eliciting inflammatory responses, the human immunosurveillance system notably combats invading pathogens, during which acute phase proteins (CRP and cytokines) are elevated markedly. However, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a persistent opportunistic pathogen prevalent at the site of local inflammation, and its acquisition of multiple antibiotic-resistance factors poses grave challenges to patient healthcare management. Using blood samples from infected patients, we demonstrate that P. aeruginosa is effectively killed in the plasma under defined local infection-inflammation condition, where slight acidosis and reduced calcium levels (pH 6.5, 2 mM calcium) typically prevail. We showed that this powerful antimicrobial activity is provoked by crosstalk between two plasma proteins; CRPratioL-ficolin interaction led to communication between the complement classical and lectin pathways from which two amplification events emerged. Assays for C4 deposition, phagocytosis, and protein competition consistently proved the functional significance of the amplification pathways in boosting complement-mediated antimicrobial activity. The infection-inflammation condition induced a 100-fold increase in CRPratioL-ficolin interaction in a pH- and calcium-sensitive manner. We conclude that the infection-induced local inflammatory conditions trigger a strong interaction between CRPratioL-ficolin, eliciting complement-amplification pathways which are autonomous and which co-exist with and reinforce the classical and lectin pathways. Our findings provide new insights into the host immune response to P. aeruginosa infection under pathological conditions and the potential development of new therapeutic strategies against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingyun Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sunil Sethi
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cynthia Y. X. He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bow Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeak L. Ding
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Endo Y, Fujita T. [Pattern-recognition molecule, Ficolin]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2008; 63:399-405. [PMID: 19317229 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.63.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295
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17
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Hummelshøj T, Munthe-Fog L, Madsen HO, Garred P. Functional SNPs in the human ficolin (FCN) genes reveal distinct geographical patterns. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:2508-20. [PMID: 18289682 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ficolin protein family comprises three different molecules encoded by the FCN1, FCN2, and FCN3 genes, respectively, that play roles in innate immunity. The FCN genes in Caucasians are polymorphic and genetic variations may have functional consequences both in relation to function and concentration. The ethnic diversity of the FCN genes is unknown. The promoter and coding regions of the FCNs genes were sequenced in individuals from five different ethnic groups: Caucasians (Denmark, n=60), Japanese (Japan, n=50), South-East Africans (Mozambique, n=50), West-Africans (Ghana, n=50), and Indians (Argentina, n=50). We identified the most common FCN gene polymorphisms in five ethnic groups. Large ethnic differences were observed and the African populations contained several SNPs that were not observed in the other groups. Several variations, that will have major impact on the function of the ficolin proteins, were found. Three novel amino acid variations in Ficolin-1*Gly303Ser, Ficolin-2*Arg103Cys, and Ficolin-2*Thr137Met SNP were predicted by computational analyses to have a major functional physicochemical effect on their respective proteins. Additionally, a Gly43Asp in Ficolin-1 affects the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeats and a Trp279STOP introduces a stop codon, thereby destroying the fibrinogen-like domain of Ficolin-1. In contrast to FCN1 and FCN2, the number of SNPs in FCN3 was very low. In conclusion, large ethnic differences in the FCN genes that will affect the concentration, structure, and function of the ficolin molecules were detected and which probably will be of pathophysiological relevance in different disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Hummelshøj
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Thielens N, Gaboriaud C, Arlaud G. Ficolins: innate immune recognition proteins for danger sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0213-9626(07)70084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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