1
|
Morgado-Palacin L, Brown JA, Martinez TF, Garcia-Pedrero JM, Forouhar F, Quinn SA, Reglero C, Vaughan J, Heydary YH, Donaldson C, Rodriguez-Perales S, Allonca E, Granda-Diaz R, Fernandez AF, Fraga MF, Kim AL, Santos-Juanes J, Owens DM, Rodrigo JP, Saghatelian A, Ferrando AA. The TINCR ubiquitin-like microprotein is a tumor suppressor in squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1328. [PMID: 36899004 PMCID: PMC10006087 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The TINCR (Terminal differentiation-Induced Non-Coding RNA) gene is selectively expressed in epithelium tissues and is involved in the control of human epidermal differentiation and wound healing. Despite its initial report as a long non-coding RNA, the TINCR locus codes for a highly conserved ubiquitin-like microprotein associated with keratinocyte differentiation. Here we report the identification of TINCR as a tumor suppressor in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). TINCR is upregulated by UV-induced DNA damage in a TP53-dependent manner in human keratinocytes. Decreased TINCR protein expression is prevalently found in skin and head and neck squamous cell tumors and TINCR expression suppresses the growth of SCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, Tincr knockout mice show accelerated tumor development following UVB skin carcinogenesis and increased penetrance of invasive SCCs. Finally, genetic analyses identify loss-of-function mutations and deletions encompassing the TINCR gene in SCC clinical samples supporting a tumor suppressor role in human cancer. Altogether, these results demonstrate a role for TINCR as protein coding tumor suppressor gene recurrently lost in squamous cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessie A Brown
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas F Martinez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Juana M Garcia-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Farhad Forouhar
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Aidan Quinn
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clara Reglero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Vaughan
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yasamin Hajy Heydary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Donaldson
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Rodriguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocio Granda-Diaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustin F Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Rare Diseases CIBER (ciberer) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Rare Diseases CIBER (ciberer) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arianna L Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Santos-Juanes
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Dermatology Area, University of Oviedo Medical School, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - David M Owens
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Dermatology Area, University of Oviedo Medical School, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tanveer MA, Rashid H, Nazir LA, Archoo S, Shahid NH, Ragni G, Umar SA, Tasduq SA. Trigonelline, a plant derived alkaloid prevents ultraviolet-B-induced oxidative DNA damage in primary human dermal fibroblasts and BALB/c mice via modulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-Nrf2 signalling axis. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112028. [PMID: 36384201 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA is the main target for UV-B-irradiation-induced skin photodamage and accounts for 90 % of all the non-melanoma skin cancers. PURPOSE In this study, we explored the mechanistic basis of photoprotective effect of Trigonelline, a naturally occurring alkaloid from the Trigonella foenum-graecum, against UV-B-induced oxidative DNA Damage Response using Primary Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFs) and BALB/C mice as models of skin photodamage. METHODS Primary HDFs were subjected to UV-B exposure (10 mJ/cm2) with or without TG for 24 h. Effect of UV-B exposure and TG treatment was evaluated by analyzing the cell survival, cellular morphology, oxidative stress & DNA damage response markers by performing biochemical studies, florescent microscopy & protein expression studies. In in-vivo study, TG pre-treated BALB/c mice were -irradiated with 180 mJ/cm2 of UV-B dose thrice a week on alternative days for four months, followed by topical application of different concentrations of TG. The photodamage caused by UV-B exposure and its ameleoriation by topical treatment of TG was studied by physical and morphological appearance and analyzing the oxidative stress & DNA damage response markers from skin. RESULTS We found that TG significantly alleviates UV-B-induced cell death effects in HDFs. TG protects HDF cells and BALB/c mice from UV-B-induced DNA damage by regulating the expression profile of key protein markers of DNA damage which include P53, ATM, ATR, ϒH2AX, Chk1 and Chk2. We found that TG offers geno-protection to UV-B-irradiated HDFs by alleviating CPD induction, reducing the number of TUNEL positive cells and by decreasing the expression levels of DNA damage marker protein ϒH2AX in immunocytochemistry. Further, we found that TG prevents the UVB induced oxidative stress by activating the PI3K-AKT-Nrf2 signalling pathway. On employing PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, we found the expression of ϒH2AX and p-P53 is significantly increased compared to UV-B treated only, indicating that TG mediates the geno-protection against UV-B irradiation via PI3K-AKT-Nrf2 signalling pathway. CONCLUSION Current study presents for the first time the photo-protective role of TG against UV-B-induced oxidative DNA damage and provides its mechanistic insights also and provide strong evidence for TG to be carried forward as a potential remedial and cosmeceutical agent against UV-B-induced skin photodamage disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malik A Tanveer
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu & Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Department of Hospital Adminstration, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar 190011, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Lone A Nazir
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu & Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sajida Archoo
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu & Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naiku H Shahid
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu & Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gupta Ragni
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu & Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sheikh A Umar
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu & Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sheikh A Tasduq
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu & Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Lu H, Zhou L, Jia M, Zhang L, Wu H, Shan L. Growth factors-based platelet lysate rejuvenates skin against ageing through NF-κB signalling pathway: In vitro and in vivo mechanistic and clinical studies. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13212. [PMID: 35274780 PMCID: PMC9055903 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Platelets benefit tissue regeneration by secreting growth factors, and platelet products, for example, platelet lysate (PL), have been clinically applied for tissue rejuvenation. To determine the anti‐ageing efficacy and mechanism of human PL (hPL) on skin, this study conducted clinical retrospective analysis, nude mice‐based in vivo study and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)‐based in vitro study. Methods Flow cytometry was employed for quality control of hPL, and ELISA was used for quantification of growth factors (EGF, IGF‐1, PDGF and TGF‐β) in hPL. After d‐galactose modelling, skin texture grading, histopathological observation, immunofluorescence analysis and oxidative stress assays were conducted on nude mice, while SA‐β‐gal staining, CCK‐8 and wound healing assays were conducted on HDFs. qPCR and western blot were conducted to clarify hPL's mechanism. Results The clinical retrospective data showed that hPL obviously rejuvenated human skin appearances without adverse events. The animal data showed that hPL exerted rejuvenative effects on skin, and the cellular data showed that hPL significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of HDFs and suppressed senescence‐associated secretory protein secretion and senescence state of senescent HDFs by suppressing NF‐κB pathway. The NF‐κB‐dependent mechanism was verified positively by using P65 siRNA and negatively by using prostratin. Furthermore, EGF, IGF‐1, PDGF and TGF‐β were found as the main ingredients in hPL, which contributed to the efficacy and mechanism of hPL. Conclusion This study provided novel knowledge of hPL, making it ideal for skin rejuvenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haishan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, PLA 903 Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Cell Resource Bank and Integrated Cell Preparation Center of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou Regional Cell Preparation Center (Shangyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd), Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao S, Guo K, Chen Y, Zhao J, Jing R, Wang L, Li X, Hu Z, Xu N, Li X. Keratinocyte Growth Factor 2 Ameliorates UVB-Induced Skin Damage via Activating the AhR/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655281. [PMID: 34163354 PMCID: PMC8215442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) can cause skin damage through oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) has been shown to reduce the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) following UVB exposure, a role that is crucial for the efficient photoprotection of skin. The present study evaluated the photoprotective effect of KGF-2 on UVB-induced skin damage and explored its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: To evaluate the effect of KGF-2 on UVB-induced damage ex vivo, a human epidermal full-thickness skin equivalent was pretreated without or with KGF-2 and then exposed to UVB and the levels of histopathological changes, DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis were then evaluated. The ability of KGF-2 to protect the cells against UVB-inflicted damage and its effect on ROS production, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction were determined in HaCaT cells. Results: Pretreatment of the epidermis with KGF-2 ameliorated the extent of photodamage. At the cellular level, KGF-2 could attenuate ROS production, apoptosis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by UVB exposure. KGF-2 could also activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to trigger the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggested that KGF-2 could ameliorate UVB-induced skin damage through inhibiting apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction via regulating AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keke Guo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jungang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Jing
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lusheng Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuenan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi KH, Kim ST, Bin BH, Park PJ. Effect of Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) on the Reconstitution of the Dermal Environment against UVB-Induced Condition. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092779. [PMID: 32932917 PMCID: PMC7551622 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin layers serve as a barrier against unexpected critical changes in the body due to environmental factors. Excessive ultraviolet (UV) B exposure increases the levels of age-related factors, leading to senescent cells and damaged skin tissues. Widely used as a dietary supplement, konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) glucomannan (KGM) has shown skin regeneration potential in patch or sheet form with anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effects. However, the ability of KGM to reconstitute senescent/damaged skin following UV radiation has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that KGM alleviates skin damage by increasing the proportion of young cell populations in UVB-exposed senescent human epidermal primary melanocytes. Young cell numbers increased depending on KGM dosage, but the senescent cells were not removed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis showed that mRNA and protein levels of age- and pigmentation-related factors decreased in a manner dependent on the rate at which new cells were generated. Moreover, an analysis of mRNA and protein levels indicated that KGM facilitated youth by increasing cell proliferation in UVB-damaged human fibroblasts. Thus, KGM is a highly effective natural agent for maintaining skin homeostasis by promoting the reconstitution of the dermal environment against UVB-induced acute senescence or skin damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Choi
- Department of Applied Biology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Korea;
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Korea;
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Korea
| | - Bum Ho Bin
- Department of Applied Biology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.H.B.); (P.J.P.); Tel.: +82-31-219-2618 (B.H.B.); +82-31-280-5639 (P.J.P.)
| | - Phil June Park
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920 Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.H.B.); (P.J.P.); Tel.: +82-31-219-2618 (B.H.B.); +82-31-280-5639 (P.J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hua H, Cheng JW, Bu WB, Liu J, Ma WW, Ni N, Shi J, Zhou BR, Luo D. 5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy inhibits ultraviolet B-induced skin photodamage. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2100-2109. [PMID: 31592145 PMCID: PMC6775304 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.31583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the photoprotective effect of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin photodamage. In vivo experiments, the dorsal skin of hairless mice were treated with ALA-PDT or saline-PDT, and then exposed to 180 mJ/m2 UVB. Results showed that the number of sunburn cells and apoptotic cells in the epidermis of ALA-PDT-treated groups at 24 h after UVB irradiation were significantly decreased compared with those in the UVB groups. And the removal rate of CPDs was obviously higher in ALA-PDT-treated groups. At 48 h, the number of Ki67 positive nuclei in ALA-PDT-UVB group was significantly fewer than that in UVB group. Further in vitro experiments, human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) cells of two groups (one treated with ALA-PDT, the other untreated), were exposed to 60 mJ/m2 UVB irradiation. We found 0.5 mmol/L of ALA and 3 J/cm2 of red light did not affect the vitality of cells, and could reduce UVB induced apoptosis, accelerate the clearance of CPDs, inhibit proliferation and activate p53. Thus, our data demonstrate that ALA-PDT pretreatment can induce a protective DNA damage response that protects skin cells from UVB-induced photodamages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-wei Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-bo Bu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-wei Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Ni
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-rong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ullah I, Liao Y, Wan R, Tang L, Feng J. Alternative Splicing of SMAD4 and Its Function in HaCaT Cells in Response to UVB Irradiation. J Cancer 2018; 9:3177-3186. [PMID: 30210641 PMCID: PMC6134820 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is one of the most common mechanisms of human gene regulation and plays a crucial role in increasing the diversity of functional proteins. Many diseases are linked to alternative splicing, especially cancer. SMAD4 is a member of the SMAD family and plays a critical role in mediating of TGF-β signal transduction and gene regulatory events. Smad4 is a tumour suppressor and acts as a shuttling protein between nucleus and cytoplasm. The splicing variants of Smad4 have been found in many cancers. The present study performed nested PCR to detect alternative splicing of Smad4 in HaCaT cells lines in response to UVB irradiation. The UVB induced a novel Smad4B isoform that led to decrease the Smad4 expression. The hnRNPA1 splicing factor is responsible for Smad4 alternative splicing in response to UVB. The UVB increased the expression of SF2 and hnRNPA1 Splicing factors. The hnRNPA1 overexpression induced Smad4B by regulating Smad4 alternative splicing. The Smad4B isoform supported the function of Smad4 full length in UVB resistance with certain limitation. The western blot analyses showed that the overexpressed Smad4 full length significantly increased N-cadherin expression while Smad4B overexpression decreased the expression the N-cadherin (P<0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of the isoform in HaCaT cells decreased cell invasion as compared to Smad4 full-length overexpression. These results will be helpful to understand the importance of Smad4 alternative splicing in skin tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxue Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Duan E. Fighting against Skin Aging: The Way from Bench to Bedside. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:729-738. [PMID: 29692196 PMCID: PMC6047276 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717725755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most voluminous organ of the body that is exposed to the outer environment, the skin suffers from both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, laxity, and rough-textured appearance. This aging process is accompanied with phenotypic changes in cutaneous cells as well as structural and functional changes in extracellular matrix components such as collagens and elastin. In this review, we summarize these changes in skin aging, research advances of the molecular mechanisms leading to these changes, and the treatment strategies aimed at preventing or reversing skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoubing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Central laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Lab of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi SY, Bin BH, Kim W, Lee E, Lee TR, Cho EG. Exposure of human melanocytes to UVB twice and subsequent incubation leads to cellular senescence and senescence-associated pigmentation through the prolonged p53 expression. J Dermatol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29525471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a well-known factor in skin aging and pigmentation, and daily exposure to subcytotoxic doses of UVR might accelerate senescence and senescence-associated phenomena in human melanocytes. OBJECTIVE To establish an in vitro melanocyte model to mimic the conditions of repeated exposure to subcytotoxic doses of UVB irradiation and to investigate key factor(s) for melanocyte senescence and senescence-associated phenomena. METHODS Human epidermal melanocytes were exposed twice with 20 mJ/cm2 UVB over a 24-h interval and subsequently cultivated for 2 weeks. Senescent phenotypes were addressed morphologically, and by measuring the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, cell proliferation capacity with cell cycle analysis, and melanin content. RESULTS The established protocol successfully induced melanocyte senescence, and senescent melanocytes accompanied hyperpigmentation. Prolonged expression of p53 was responsible for melanocyte senescence and hyperpigmentation, and treatment with the p53-inhibitor pifithrin-α at 2-weeks post-UVB irradiation, but not at 48 h, significantly reduced melanin content along with decreases in tyrosinase levels. CONCLUSION Melanocyte senescence model will be useful for studying the long-term effects of UVB irradiation and pigmentation relevant to physiological photoaging, and screening compounds effective for senescence-associated p53-mediated pigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Yeon Choi
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Ho Bin
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanil Kim
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Lee
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyung Cho
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, R&D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee JH, Park E, Jin HJ, Lee Y, Choi SJ, Lee GW, Chang PS, Paik HD. Anti-inflammatory and anti-genotoxic activity of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1371-1377. [PMID: 30263672 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-genotoxic activity of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. BCAAs inhibited LPS-induced NO production, with 100 mM leucine having the most pronounced effect, suppressing NO production by 81.15%. Valine and isoleucine also reduced NO production by 29.65 and 42.95%, respectively. Furthermore, BCAAs suppressed the inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression. Additionally, BCAAs decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 which are proinflammatory mediators. Anti-genotoxic activities of BCAAs were assessed using the alkaline comet assay and valine, isoleucine, and leucine significantly (p < 0.05) decreased tail length of DNA (damaged portion) to 254.8 ± 7.5, 235.6 ± 5.6, and 271.5 ± 19.9 μm compared than positive control H2O2 (434.3 ± 51.3 μm). These results suggest that BCAAs can be used in the pharmaceutical or functional food industries as anti-inflammatory agents or anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
| | - Hyue Ju Jin
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Yunjeong Lee
- 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 51767 Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- 3Department of Food Science and Technology, Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Gyu Whan Lee
- R&D Center, Daesang Corporation, Icheon, 17384 Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- 5Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Streck EL, De Prá SDT, Ferro PR, Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Agostini JF, Damiani A, Andrade VM, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Scaini G. Role of antioxidant treatment on DNA and lipid damage in the brain of rats subjected to a chemically induced chronic model of tyrosinemia type II. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:207-214. [PMID: 28547180 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine levels are abnormally elevated in tissues and body fluids of patients with inborn errors of tyrosine metabolism. Tyrosinemia type II, which is caused by tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency, provokes eyes, skin, and central nervous system disturbances in affected patients. However, the mechanisms of brain damage are still poorly known. Considering that studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress may contribute, along with other mechanisms, to the neurological dysfunction characteristic of hypertyrosinemia, in the present study we investigated the effects of antioxidant treatment (NAC and DFX) on DNA damage and oxidative stress markers induced by chronic administration of L-tyrosine in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats. The results showed elevated levels of DNA migration, and thus DNA damage, after chronic administration of L-tyrosine in all the analyzed brain areas, and that the antioxidant treatment was able to prevent DNA damage in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. However, the co-administration of NAC plus DFX did not prevent the DNA damage in the striatum. Moreover, we found a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and DCFH oxidation in cerebral cortex, as well as an increase in nitrate/nitrite levels in the hippocampus and striatum. Additionally, the antioxidant treatment was able to prevent the increase in TBA-RS levels and in nitrate/nitrite levels, but not the DCFH oxidation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and oxidative stress can play a role in DNA damage in this disorder. Moreover, NAC/DFX supplementation to tyrosinemia type II patients may represent a new therapeutic approach and a possible adjuvant to the current treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Samira D T De Prá
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Ronsani Ferro
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jotele F Agostini
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriani Damiani
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Núcleo de Excelência em Neurociências Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deshmukh J, Pofahl R, Haase I. Epidermal Rac1 regulates the DNA damage response and protects from UV-light-induced keratinocyte apoptosis and skin carcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2664. [PMID: 28277539 PMCID: PMC5386559 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common type of cancer. Increased expression and activity of Rac1, a small Rho GTPase, has been shown previously in NMSC and other human cancers; suggesting that Rac1 may function as an oncogene in skin. DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis studies in mice have shown that Rac1 is required for chemically induced skin papilloma formation. However, UVB radiation by the sun, which causes DNA damage, is the most relevant cause for NMSC. A potential role of Rac1 in UV-light-induced skin carcinogenesis has not been investigated so far. To investigate this, we irradiated mice with epidermal Rac1 deficiency (Rac1-EKO) and their controls using a well-established protocol for long-term UV-irradiation. Most of the Rac1-EKO mice developed severe skin erosions upon long-term UV-irradiation, unlike their controls. These skin erosions in Rac1-EKO mice healed subsequently. Surprisingly, we observed development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) within the UV-irradiation fields. This shows that the presence of Rac1 in the epidermis protects from UV-light-induced skin carcinogenesis. Short-term UV-irradiation experiments revealed increased UV-light-induced apoptosis of Rac1-deficient epidermal keratinocytes in vitro as well as in vivo. Further investigations using cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase transgenic mice revealed that the observed increase in UV-light-induced keratinocyte apoptosis in Rac1-EKO mice is DNA damage dependent and correlates with caspase-8 activation. Furthermore, Rac1-deficient keratinocytes showed reduced levels of p53, γ-H2AX and p-Chk1 suggesting an attenuated DNA damage response upon UV-irradiation. Taken together, our data provide direct evidence for a protective role of Rac1 in UV-light-induced skin carcinogenesis and keratinocyte apoptosis probably through regulating mechanisms of the DNA damage response and repair pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Deshmukh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Ruth Pofahl
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Ingo Haase
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghosh K, Capell BC. The Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype: Critical Effector in Skin Cancer and Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2133-2139. [PMID: 27543988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a state of stable cell cycle arrest in response to cellular stress, is an indispensable mechanism to counter tumorigenesis by halting the proliferation of damaged cells. However, through the secretion of an array of diverse cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), senescent cells can paradoxically promote carcinogenesis. Consistent with this, removal of senescent cells delays the onset of cancer and prolongs lifespan in vivo, potentially in part through SASP reduction. In this review, we consider the evidence for the SASP and "SASP-like" inflammation in driving skin carcinogenesis, emphasizing how further understanding of both the roles and mechanisms of SASP expression may offer new targets for skin cancer prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanad Ghosh
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian C Capell
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Protective Effects of Soy Oligopeptides in Ultraviolet B-Induced Acute Photodamage of Human Skin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5846865. [PMID: 27478534 PMCID: PMC4960338 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5846865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim. We explored the effects of soy oligopeptides (SOP) in ultraviolet B- (UVB-) induced acute photodamage of human skin in vivo and foreskin ex vivo. Methods. We irradiated the forearm with 1.5 minimal erythemal dose (MED) of UVB for 3 consecutive days, establishing acute photodamage of skin, and topically applied SOP. Erythema index (EI), melanin index, stratum corneum hydration, and transepidermal water loss were measured by using Multiprobe Adapter 9 device. We irradiated foreskin ex vivo with the same dose of UVB (180 mJ/cm(2)) for 3 consecutive days and topically applied SOP. Sunburn cells were detected by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Apoptotic cells were detected by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), p53 protein, Bax protein, and Bcl-2 protein were detected by using immunohistochemical staining. Results. Compared with UVB group, UVB-irradiated skin with topically applied SOP showed significantly decreased EI. Compared with UVB group, topical SOP significantly increased Bcl-2 protein expression and decreased CPDs-positive cells, sunburn cells, apoptotic cells, p53 protein expression, and Bax protein expressions in the epidermis of UVB-irradiated foreskin. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated that topical SOP can protect human skin against UVB-induced photodamage.
Collapse
|
15
|
How Wounding via Lasers Has Potential Photocarcinogenic Preventative Effects via Dermal Remodeling. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 5:222-227. [PMID: 27840776 DOI: 10.1007/s13671-016-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is increasing, there is a growing need to identify effective preventive strategies. A recently proposed hypothesis states that NMSC photocarcinogenesis is tightly linked to insufficient insulin growth factor-1 expression by agglomerated senescent fibroblasts in geriatric dermis. This paucity of IGF-1 expression in senile skin allows basal keratinocytes to mitotically propagate their UVB-altered genome and potentially initiate an actinic neoplasm. Here we review the role of the dermal microenvironment in NMSC pathogenesis, describe the impact of fibroblast senescence on this process and discuss how laser-induced dermal wounding can be effectively used to prevent NMSC development in geriatric patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
Karbaschi M, Macip S, Mistry V, Abbas HHK, Delinassios GJ, Evans MD, Young AR, Cooke MS. Rescue of cells from apoptosis increases DNA repair in UVB exposed cells: implications for the DNA damage response. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classically, the nucleotide excision repair (NER) of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) is a lengthy process (t1/2 > 48 h).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Karbaschi
- Dept. Environmental and Occupational Health
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Salvador Macip
- Dept. Biochemistry
- Henry Wellcome Building
- University of Leicester
- Leicester
- UK
| | - Vilas Mistry
- Former: Oxidative Stress Group
- RKCSB
- University of Leicester
- Leicester
- UK
| | | | | | - Mark D. Evans
- Former: Oxidative Stress Group
- RKCSB
- University of Leicester
- Leicester
- UK
| | - Antony R. Young
- King's College London
- St John's Institute of Dermatology
- London SE1 9RT
- UK
| | - Marcus S. Cooke
- Dept. Environmental and Occupational Health
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Narimatsu T, Ozawa Y, Miyake S, Nagai N, Tsubota K. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade suppresses light-induced neural damage in the mouse retina. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:176-185. [PMID: 24662196 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to light contributes to the development and progression of retinal degenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying light-induced tissue damage are not fully understood. Here, we examined the role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling, which is part of the renin-angiotensin system, in light-induced retinal damage. Light-exposed Balb/c mice that were treated with the AT1R blockers (angiotensin II receptor blockers; ARBs) valsartan, losartan, and candesartan before and after the light exposure exhibited attenuated visual function impairment, compared to vehicle-treated mice. This effect was dose-dependent and observed across the ARB class of inhibitors. Further evaluation of valsartan showed that it suppressed a number of light-induced retinal effects, including thinning of the photoreceptor cell layer caused by apoptosis, shortening of the photoreceptor cell outer segment, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The role of ROS in retinal pathogenesis was investigated further using the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Treatment of light-exposed mice with NAC before the light exposure suppressed the visual function impairment and photoreceptor cell histological changes due to apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with valsartan or NAC suppressed the induction of c-fos (a component of the AP-1 transcription factor) and the upregulation of fasl (a proapoptotic molecule whose transcript is regulated downstream of AP-1). Our results suggest that AT1R signaling mediates light-induced apoptosis, by increasing the levels of ROS and proapoptotic molecules in the retina. Thus, AT1R blockade may represent a new therapeutic approach for preventing light-induced retinal neural tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Seiji Miyake
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nagai
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
p53 requires the stress sensor USF1 to direct appropriate cell fate decision. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004309. [PMID: 24831529 PMCID: PMC4022457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a major hallmark of cancer. To maintain genomic integrity, cells are equipped with dedicated sensors to monitor DNA repair or to force damaged cells into death programs. The tumor suppressor p53 is central in this process. Here, we report that the ubiquitous transcription factor Upstream Stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) coordinates p53 function in making proper cell fate decisions. USF1 stabilizes the p53 protein and promotes a transient cell cycle arrest, in the presence of DNA damage. Thus, cell proliferation is maintained inappropriately in Usf1 KO mice and in USF1-deficient melanoma cells challenged by genotoxic stress. We further demonstrate that the loss of USF1 compromises p53 stability by enhancing p53-MDM2 complex formation and MDM2-mediated degradation of p53. In USF1-deficient cells, the level of p53 can be restored by the re-expression of full-length USF1 protein similarly to what is observed using Nutlin-3, a specific inhibitor that prevents p53-MDM2 interaction. Consistent with a new function for USF1, a USF1 truncated protein lacking its DNA-binding and transactivation domains can also restore the induction and activity of p53. These findings establish that p53 function requires the ubiquitous stress sensor USF1 for appropriate cell fate decisions in response to DNA-damage. They underscore the new role of USF1 and give new clues of how p53 loss of function can occur in any cell type. Finally, these findings are of clinical relevance because they provide new therapeutic prospects in stabilizing and reactivating the p53 pathway. Cancer is a complex disease that is characterized by the sequential accumulation of genetic mutations. Exposure to environmental agents, such as solar ultraviolet, induces such alterations and thus contributes to the development of genomic instability. The tumor suppressor p53 has a central role in orchestrating cellular responses to genotoxic stress. In response to DNA-damage, p53 is stabilized and activated to direct cell fate decisions. Cells in which p53 stabilization is compromised become more vulnerable to mutagenic agents and hence the mutation rate increases, which promotes tumor development. Stabilization of p53 is thus a critical step towards cancer prevention. Using a genetic approach, we demonstrate that the ubiquitous transcription factor Upstream Stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) is required for immediate p53 stabilization and appropriate cell fate decisions following genotoxic stress. Furthermore, we show that this involves a novel function of USF1 that underscores its critical role as a stress sensor. The loss of USF1 expression should thus be considered as a potential initiator of tumorigenesis in the context of environmental insults.
Collapse
|
19
|
Manayi A, Saeidnia S, Gohari AR, Abdollahi M. Methods for the discovery of new anti-aging products--targeted approaches. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:383-405. [PMID: 24494592 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.885014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is considered to be one of the most complicated and heterogeneous phenomena and is the main risk factor for most chronic diseases, disabilities and declining health. Aging cells cease to divide and drive the progression of illness through various pathways. Over the years, a number of anti-aging medicines of natural and synthetic origin have been introduced. Indeed, some studies have identified senescent cells as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of aging and age-related diseases. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors highlight and critically review the possible mechanisms of the aging process and related illnesses. The authors give particular attention to illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, skin aging and cardiovascular diseases. EXPERT OPINION Several reports have highlighted that mitochondria are a key factor in the progression of aging and neurodegenerative illnesses. This is due to their production of extra amounts of reactive oxygen species, which leads into progressive caspase-dependent apoptosis and cell death. Therefore, strategies to prevent/reduce oxidative stress-mediated aging, whether environmental, nutritional and pharmacological, need to be taken into account. Presently, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, which focus on the evolutionary and genetic foundations of aging, have helped to establish the screening of several synthetic and natural compounds with large cohorts in a quick manner. However, there is yet to be any efficient experimental evidence to prove the exact role of senescent cells in age-related dysfunction and further studies are required to better understand these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Manayi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants Research Center , Tehran 1417614411 , Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Emanuele E. Challenging the central dogma of skin photobiology: are proteins more important than DNA? J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2052-2053. [PMID: 24492242 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Barg M, Rezin GT, Leffa DD, Balbinot F, Gomes LM, Carvalho-Silva M, Vuolo F, Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F, Streck EL, Andrade VM. Evaluation of the protective effect of Ilex paraguariensis and Camellia sinensis extracts on the prevention of oxidative damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:195-201. [PMID: 24361697 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects green and mate teas on oxidative and DNA damages in rats exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Were utilized 70 adult male Wistar rats that received daily oral or topic green or mate tea treatment during exposed to radiation by seven days. After, animals were killed by decapitation. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive species levels, protein oxidative damage were evaluated in skin and DNA damage in blood. Our results show that the rats exposed to ultraviolet radiation presented DNA damage in blood and increased protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation in skin. Oral and topic treatment with green tea and mate tea prevented lipid peroxidation, both treatments with mate tea also prevented DNA damage. However, only topic treatment with green tea and mate tea prevented increases in protein carbonylation. Our findings contribute to elucidate the beneficial effects of green tea and mate tea, here in demonstrated by the antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties presented by these teas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Barg
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine T Rezin
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela D Leffa
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Balbinot
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Vuolo
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rangarajan S, Trivedi A, Ubeid AA, Hantash BM. Minimally Invasive Bipolar Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment Upregulates Anti-Senescence Pathways. Lasers Surg Med 2013; 45:201-6. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anan Abu Ubeid
- Elixir Institute of Regenerative Medicine; San Jose, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Beclin 1 interactome controls the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy and inflammasome activation: impact on the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:520-34. [PMID: 23220384 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are crucial cellular housekeeping and tissue survival mechanisms. There is emerging evidence of important crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy which can be linked to inflammasome activation. Beclin 1 is a platform protein which assembles an interactome consisting of diverse proteins which control the initiation of autophagocytosis and distinct phases in endocytosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members can interact with Beclin 1 and inhibit autophagy. Consequently, impaired autophagy can trigger inflammasome activation. Interestingly, the hallmarks of the ageing process include a decline in autophagy, increased resistance to apoptosis and a low-grade inflammatory phenotype. Age-related stresses, e.g. genotoxic, metabolic and environmental insults, enhance the expression of NF-κB-driven anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins which repress the Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Suppression of autophagocytosis provokes inflammation including NF-κB activation which further potentiates anti-apoptotic defence. In a context-dependent manner, this feedback defence mechanism can enhance the aging process or provoke tumorigenesis or cellular senescence. We will review the role of Beclin 1 interactome in the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy and inflammasomes emphasizing that disturbances in Beclin 1-dependent autophagy can have a crucial impact on the aging process.
Collapse
|
24
|
Travers JB, Spandau DF, Lewis DA, Machado C, Kingsley M, Mousdicas N, Somani AK. Fibroblast senescence and squamous cell carcinoma: how wounding therapies could be protective. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39:967-73. [PMID: 23437969 DOI: 10.1111/dsu.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which has one of the highest incidences of all cancers in the United States, is an age-dependent disease, with the majority of these cancers diagnosed in people age 70 and older. Recent findings have led to a new hypothesis on the pathogenesis of SCC. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the potential of preventive therapies to reduce the incidence of SCC in at-risk geriatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survey of current literature on wounding therapies to prevent SCCs. RESULTS This new hypothesis of SCC photocarcinogenesis states that senescent fibroblasts accumulate in the dermis, resulting in a reduction in dermal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression. This lack of IGF-1 expression sensitizes epidermal keratinocytes to fail to suppress ultraviolet light B (UVB)-induced mutations, leading to increased proclivity to photocarcinogenesis. Recent evidence suggests that dermal wounding therapies, specifically dermabrasion and fractionated laser resurfacing, can decrease the proportion of senescent dermal fibroblasts, increase dermal IGF-1 expression, and correct the inappropriate UVB response found in geriatric skin, protecting geriatric keratinocytes from UVB-induced SCC initiation. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we will discuss the translation of pioneering basic science results implicating commonly used dermal fibroblast rejuvenation procedures as preventative treatments for SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Melo T, Silva EMP, Simões C, Domingues P, Domingues MRM. Photooxidation of glycated and non-glycated phosphatidylethanolamines monitored by mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:68-78. [PMID: 23303749 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) are one of the major components of cells membranes, namely in skin and in retina, that are continuously exposed to solar UV radiation being major targets of photooxidation damage. In addition, due to the presence of the free amine group, PE can also undergo glycation, in hyperglycemic conditions which may increase the susceptibility to oxidation. The aim of this study is to develop a model, based on mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, to identify photooxidative degradation of selected PE (POPE: PE 16:0/18:1, PLPE: PE 16:0/18:2, PAPE: PE 16:0/20:4) and glycated PEs due to UV irradiation. Photooxidation products were analysed by electrospray ionization MS (ESI-MS) and tandem MS (ESI-MS/MS) in positive and negative mode. Emphasis is placed in the influence of glycation in the generation of distinct photooxidation products. ESI-MS spectra of PE after UV photo-irradiation showed mainly hydroperoxy derivatives, due to oxidation of unsaturated fatty acyl chains. Glycated PE gave rise to several new photooxidation products formed due to oxidative cleavages of the glucose moiety, namely between C1 and C2, C2 and C3, and C5 and C6 of this sugar unit. These new products were identified by ESI-MS/MS in positive mode showing distinct neutral loss depending on the different structure of the polar head group. These new identified advanced glycated photooxidation products may have a deleterious role in the etiology of diabetic retinopathy and in diabetic retinal microvascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Opländer C, Suschek CV. The role of photolabile dermal nitric oxide derivates in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced cell death. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:191-204. [PMID: 23344028 PMCID: PMC3565258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation comprising UVB (280–315 nm) and UVA (315–400 nm) on a daily basis. Within the last two decades, the molecular and cellular response to UVA/UVB and the possible effects on human health have been investigated extensively. It is generally accepted that the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of UVB is due to the direct interaction with DNA. On the other hand, by interaction with non-DNA chromophores as endogenous photosensitizers, UVA induces formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a pivotal role as mediators of UVA-induced injuries in human skin. This review gives a short overview about relevant findings concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying UVA/UVB-induced cell death. Furthermore, we will highlight the potential role of cutaneous antioxidants and photolabile nitric oxide derivates (NODs) in skin physiology. UVA-induced decomposition of the NODs, like nitrite, leads not only to non-enzymatic formation of nitric oxide (NO), but also to toxic reactive nitrogen species (RNS), like peroxynitrite. Whereas under antioxidative conditions the generation of protective amounts of NO is favored, under oxidative conditions, less injurious reactive nitrogen species are generated, which may enhance UVA-induced cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Opländer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Burn Center, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-35271; Fax: +49-241-80-82448
| | - Christoph V. Suschek
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou J, Shang J, Song J, Ping F. Interleukin-18 augments growth ability of primary human melanocytes by PTEN inactivation through the AKT/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012. [PMID: 23178856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Normal human skin relies on melanocytes to provide photoprotection and thermoregulation by producing melanin. The growth and behavior of melanocytes are controlled by many factors. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is expressed in both immune and non-immune cells and participates in the adjustment of multitude cellular functions. Nonetheless, the regulative roles of IL-18 in melanogenesis and growth of melanocytes have not been explored. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of IL-18 on melanocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We proved that IL-18 increased the tyrosinase activity and melanin content in normal human foreskin-derived epidermal melanocytes (NHEM). Treatment with IL-18 (20 ng/ml) enhanced the expression of c-Kit, microphtalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2. In addition, IL-18 induced NHEM migration at concentration of 20 ng/ml. These results indicated a promotive action of IL-18 on melanogenesis in NHEM. Our data revealed that IL-18 stimulated ERK1/2 and NF-κB activation, improved p-Akt, p70 S6K and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels, and deactivated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in NHEM. Besides, IL-18 increased level of PTEN phosphorylation to protect NHEM from damage induced by H(2)O(2). These results in vitro showed the accommodation of IL-18 in melanocytes growth. Therefore, we suggested an important regulating action of IL-18 to melanogenesis and cell growth ability of skin melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Polefka TG, Meyer TA, Agin PP, Bianchini RJ. Effects of solar radiation on the skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2012; 11:134-43. [PMID: 22672278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2012.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
No one would underestimate the importance of sunlight to the evolution of life on the earth and its role in human development. However, all humans - especially individuals who are lightly pigmented or whose occupation or lifestyle exposes them to excessive amounts of sunlight - are potentially susceptible to its deleterious effects. These effects can range from acute biological responses, such as sunburn and skin tanning, to conditions resulting from chronic exposure such as photoaged skin and potentially life-threatening conditions such as skin cancer. The objective of this review is to present a concise and up-to-date perspective on the effects of UVB, UVA, visible, and infrared radiation on cutaneous biochemistry and physiology.
Collapse
|
29
|
Scaini G, Jeremias IC, Morais MOS, Borges GD, Munhoz BP, Leffa DD, Andrade VM, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC, Streck EL. DNA damage in an animal model of maple syrup urine disease. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 106:169-74. [PMID: 22560665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a severe deficiency of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Neurological dysfunction is a common finding in patients with maple syrup urine disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuropathology of brain damage in this disorder are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether acute or chronic administration of a branched chain amino acid pool (leucine, isoleucine and valine) causes transient DNA damage, as determined by the alkaline comet assay, in the brain and blood of rats during development and whether antioxidant treatment prevented the alterations induced by branched chain amino acids. Our results showed that the acute administration of branched chain amino acids increased the DNA damage frequency and damage index in the hippocampus. However, the chronic administration of branched chain amino acids increased the DNA damage frequency and damage index in both the hippocampus and the striatum, and the antioxidant treatment was able to prevent DNA damage in the hippocampus and striatum. The present study demonstrated that metabolite accumulation in MSUD induces DNA damage in the hippocampus and striatum and that it may be implicated in the neuropathology observed in the affected patients. We demonstrated that the effect of antioxidant treatment (N-acetylcysteine plus deferoxamine) prevented DNA damage, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Taste loss in human patients following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer is a common and significant problem, but the cellular mechanisms underlying this loss are not understood. Taste stimuli are transduced by receptor cells within taste buds, and like epidermal cells, taste cells are regularly replaced throughout adult life. This renewal relies on progenitor cells adjacent to taste buds, which continually supply new cells to each bud. Here we treated adult mice with a single 8 Gy dose of x-ray irradiation to the head and neck, and analyzed taste epithelium at 1-21 d postirradiation (dpi). We found irradiation targets the taste progenitor cells, which undergo cell cycle arrest (1-3 dpi) and apoptosis (within 1 dpi). Taste progenitors resume proliferation at 5-7 dpi, with the proportion of cells in S and M phase exceeding control levels at 5-6 and 6 dpi, respectively, suggesting that proliferation is accelerated and/or synchronized following radiation damage. Using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine birthdating to identify newborn cells, we found that the decreased proliferation following irradiation reduces the influx of cells at 1-2 dpi, while the robust proliferation detected at 6 dpi accelerates entry of new cells into taste buds. In contrast, the number of differentiated taste cells was not significantly reduced until 7 dpi. These data suggest a model where continued natural taste cell death, paired with temporary interruption of cell replacement, underlies taste loss after irradiation.
Collapse
|
31
|
Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Kovacs D, Ramot Y, Briganti S, Bellei B, Paus R, Picardo M. 2,4,6-Octatrienoic acid is a novel promoter of melanogenesis and antioxidant defence in normal human melanocytes via PPAR-γ activation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 24:618-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Biological role of lutein in the light-induced retinal degeneration. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:423-9. [PMID: 21658930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lutein, a xanthophyll of a carotenoid, is anticipated as a therapeutic product to prevent human eye diseases. However, its biological mechanism is still unclear. Here, we show the molecular mechanism of lutein's effect to reduce photodamage of the retina. We analyzed the light-exposed retinas of Balb/c mice given lutein-supplemented or normal diet. Visual function was measured by electroretinogram, and histological changes were observed. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses were performed to analyze molecular mechanism. The reactive oxygen species induced in the retina was evaluated by fluorescent probes. In the mice after light exposure, reduction of a-wave and b-wave amplitudes in electroretinogram, indicating visual impairment, and thinning of the photoreceptor cell layer owing to apoptosis were both attenuated by lutein diet. Interestingly, γ-H2AX, a marker for double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, was up-regulated in the photoreceptor cells after light exposure, but this increase was attenuated by lutein diet, suggesting that DSBs caused by photodamage contributed to the photoreceptor cell death and that this change was suppressed by lutein. Moreover, the expression of eyes absent (EYA), which promotes DNA repair and cell survival, was significantly up-regulated with lutein diet in the light-exposed retina. Therefore, lutein induced EYA for DNA repair, which could suppress DNA damage and photoreceptor cell apoptosis. Lutein reduced light-induced oxidative stress in the retina, which might contribute to promote DNA repair. The lutein-supplemented diet attenuated light-induced visual impairment by protecting the photoreceptor cells' DNA.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nicolaou A, Pilkington SM, Rhodes LE. Ultraviolet-radiation induced skin inflammation: dissecting the role of bioactive lipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:535-43. [PMID: 21524643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure of human skin to the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in sunlight results in the sunburn response. This is mediated in part by pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and other bioactive lipids, which are in turn produced via mechanisms including UVR-induction of oxidative stress, cell signalling and gene expression. Sunburn is a self-limiting inflammation offering a convenient and accessible system for the study of human cutaneous lipid metabolism. Recent lipidomic applications have revealed that a wider diversity of eicosanoids may be involved in the sunburn response than previously appreciated. This article reviews the effects of UVR on cutaneous lipids and examines the contribution of bioactive lipid mediators in the development of sunburn. Since human skin is an active site of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and these macronutrients can influence the production of eicosanoids/bioactive lipids, as well as modulate cell signalling, gene expression and oxidative stress, the application of PUFA as potential photoprotective agents is also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
So PL, Tang JY, Epstein EH. Novel investigational drugs for basal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 19:1099-112. [PMID: 20662553 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2010.504714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD In the United States, the annual incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is close to 1 million. Ultraviolet radiation exposure is the main risk factor; however, the availability of ever more potent sunscreens and education have not prevented the rise in BCC incidence. Therefore, concerted effects to identify novel preventive and therapeutic strategies are necessary. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This article summarizes our current understanding of the etiology and molecular mechanisms of BCC tumorigenesis and discusses the preclinical and clinical studies to identify agents with anti-BCC efficacy. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The discovery that hyperactive Hh pathway signaling causes several cancers, including BCC, has spawned the development of many pharmacologic inhibitors of Hh signaling. Early clinical testing of the most advanced, GDC-0449, demonstrated impressive efficacy in patients with advanced BCC. Other promising anti-BCC chemopreventive strategies include drugs that are already FDA-approved for treating other diseases. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Preclinical and clinical trials with pre-existing FDA-approved drugs suggest novel uses for BCC chemoprevention and treatment. Also, new chemical entities that inhibit the Hh pathway show promise, and in combination with other drugs may provide a nonsurgical cure for this most common cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin So
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Cancer Division, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang Q, Zou L, Liu W, Hao W, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Inhibiting NF-κB activation and ROS production are involved in the mechanism of silibinin's protection against D-galactose-induced senescence. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 98:140-9. [PMID: 21167197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is featured by intelligence decline, behavioral disorders and cognitive disability. Autophagy is related to senescent development. In this study, we investigated the roles of NF-κB and autophagy in hippocampal neurons of D-galactose-induced senescent mice, and examined the protective roles of silibinin. Senescence was induced in 6-month-old mice by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (150 mg/kg/d, for 6 weeks). Silibinin (50 mg/kg/d, intramuscular injection, for 6 weeks) or inhibitors (PDTC, 3-MA or rapamycin, 50 mg/kg/d, subcutaneous injection, for 6 weeks) were given 1 h before D-galactose exposure. Senescent control animals received vehicle for the same time. Ethological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometric analysis, western blot and enzyme activity assays were used. Compared with senescent controls, silibinin, PDTC or rapamycin-treated mice showed upregulations of spatial recognition memory (P<0.05), cellular oxidoreductase activities (P<0.05) and autophagy (P<0.05) as well as downregulations of MDA (P<0.05) and ROS (P<0.05) levels. We propose in D-galactose-induced murine senescence, autophagy is inhibited by NF-κB, inducing the deactivations of cellular oxidoreductases and upregulation of ROS level. The protection by autophagy and the promotion of cellular oxidoreductase activities via inhibiting NF-κB activation and ROS production are involved in the mechanism of silibinin's protection against D-galactose-induced senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|