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Wang Y, Zhao J, Gu Y, Wang H, Jiang M, Zhao S, Qing H, Ni J. Cathepsin H: molecular characteristics and clues to function and mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115585. [PMID: 37148981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin H (CatH) is a lysosomal cysteine protease with a unique aminopeptidase activity that is extensively expressed in the lung, pancreas, thymus, kidney, liver, skin, and brain. Owing to its specific enzymatic activity, CatH has critical effects on the regulation of biological behaviours of cancer cells and pathological processes in brain diseases. Moreover, a neutral pH level is optimal for CatH activity, so it is expected to be active in the extra-lysosomal and extracellular space. In the present review, we describe the expression, maturation, and enzymatic properties of CatH, and summarize the available experimental evidence that mechanistically links CatH to various physiological and pathological processes. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potentials of CatH inhibitors in CatH-induced disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Aerospace Medical Center, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yebo Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muzhou Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Ghanei M, Abbaszadegan MR, Forghanifard MM, Aarabi A, Arab H. A novel mutation in the cathepsin C (CTSC) gene in Iranian family with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:568-573. [PMID: 33586345 PMCID: PMC8404484 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we analyzed the whole exomes of CTSC gene in a family with history of PLS. Materials and methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genotype analysis was performed. The mutated protein sequence was used to find the best possible tertiary structure for homology modeling. The homology modeling of the novel mutation was then performed using the online Swiss‐Prot server. The results were also analyzed for to verify its validity. Results The analysis of CTSC gene elucidated a novel insertion GAC. The novel mutation was proved by analyzing 50 healthy control volunteers. Modeling of the novel found mutation in CTSC gene revealed structural defects that may have caused the functional abnormalities. Conclusions The structural analysis of the mutated protein model identifies changes in the stereo‐chemical and the energy level of the mutated protein. Since this protein play a role in the activation of granule serine proteases from cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, mast cells, such structural defects may lead to its malfunction causing dysfunctioning of immune defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ghanei
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, Medical school, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, Medical school, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Aarabi
- Human Genetics Division, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Arab
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Guerra L, Castori M, Didona B, Castiglia D, Zambruno G. Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. Part II: syndromic palmoplantar keratodermas - Diagnostic algorithm and principles of therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:899-925. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - M. Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics; Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-IRCCS; San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - B. Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - D. Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - G. Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area and Dermatology Unit; Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS; Rome Italy
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