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Tonolli PN, Baptista MS. An important step towards the comprehensive sun protection: Blue-light exposure inhibits DNA repair in reconstituted human skin and a broadband sunscreen avoids this inhibition. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38828502 DOI: 10.1111/php.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The field of sun protection is quickly changing and the research article by Douki et al., published in the current issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology, reported key experimental data that will certainly help the development of better sun care products. Mutagenic photoproducts (CPDs, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4PPs, pyrimidine-6-4-pyrimidone photoproducts) were formed in the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) by UVB (312 nm) irradiation, and their concentrations were detected by HPLC-MS/MS as a function of time after the UVB treatment. RHE had been previously exposed or not (control) to blue light (427 nm). Both CPDs and 6-4PPs were shown to last longer in blue-light irradiated RHE, proving the inhibition of the DNA repair by blue light exposure. This is a highly relevant information because sunscreens allow people to enjoy longer periods under the sun and consequently, to endure very high doses of blue light. The work also reported results obtained with RHEs previously treated with a sunscreen formulation containing a broadband filter that offers blue-light protection. Interestingly, authors observed that the DNA repair was not significantly inhibited in RHE previously treated with the sunscreen offering broadband protection. Readers will find a scientifically sound proof of the importance of blue-light protection in sun care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Newton Tonolli
- Department of Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Quimica, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Stockfleth E, Dréno B, Bacqueville D, Duplan H, Ortiz Brugués A. Foreword. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37 Suppl 6:3-5. [PMID: 37671997 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dréno
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Hélène Duplan
- Laboratoire Pierre Fabre, Centre R&D, Toulouse, France
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3
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Nakayama E, Kushibiki T, Mayumi Y, Fushuku S, Nakamura T, Kiyosawa T, Ishihara M, Azuma R. Optimal blue light irradiation conditions for the treatment of acne vulgaris in a mouse model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 239:112651. [PMID: 36680809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although blue light is one of the therapeutic approaches used to treat acne vulgaris (AV), there is no consensus on its effectiveness. As a result, it is not recommended in the major acne vulgaris treatment guidelines. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to look into the mechanism, safety, and efficacy of blue light therapy. We achieved this by examining the pathological response, inflammation, and depth of light penetration in a mouse model of cystic AV. METHODS The aims of the study were addressed by exposing the mice to light with a wavelength of 415 nm under four different irradiation conditions. The exposure was done for five consecutive days followed by a no irradiation period of 72 h. RESULTS Blue light treatment was most effective when irradiation was performed at 100 mW/cm2 for 20 min for five consecutive days. Inflammatory responses emerged 72 h after the final irradiation dose was administered. These responses were not associated with apoptosis as cleaved caspase-3 staining revealed no significant increases in apoptosis in the skin under any of the tested conditions. Blue light reached the superficial layer of the acne cyst at 5% of the total irradiation power and was attenuated by half for every 50 μm of progress through the cyst. CONCLUSION In conclusion, blue light could control severe dermatologic inflammatory responses; therefore, it can be used to irradiate AV with high inflammation levels on a daily basis until improvement is observed. In addition, porphyrin, a metabolite of Cutibacterium acnes, and reactive oxygen species generated by the surrounding skin tissue may have essential roles in AV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Nakayama
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yoshine Mayumi
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Seigo Fushuku
- Center for Laboratory Animal Science, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Laboratory for Mathematics, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kiyosawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Miya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Azuma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan
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Post-Translational Modifications Evoked by Reactive Carbonyl Species in Ultraviolet-A-Exposed Skin: Implication in Fibroblast Senescence and Skin Photoaging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112281. [PMID: 36421467 PMCID: PMC9687576 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is an accelerated form of aging resulting from skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV-A radiation deeply penetrates the dermis and triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which promotes damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. Lipid peroxidation results from the oxidative attack of polyunsaturated fatty acids which generate a huge amount of lipid peroxidation products, among them reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as α, β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenals (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal), acrolein or malondialdehyde. These highly reactive agents form adducts on free NH2 groups and thiol residues on amino acids in proteins and can also modify DNA and phospholipids. The accumulation of RCS-adducts leads to carbonyl stress characterized by progressive cellular and tissular dysfunction, inflammation and toxicity. RCS-adducts are formed in the dermis of skin exposed to UV-A radiation. Several RCS targets have been identified in the dermis, such as collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix, whose modification could contribute to actinic elastosis lesions. RCS-adducts may play a role in fibroblast senescence via the modification of histones, and the sirtuin SIRT1, leading to an accumulation of acetylated proteins. The cytoskeleton protein vimentin is modified by RCS, which could impair fibroblast motility. A better identification of protein modification and carbonyl stress in the dermis may help to develop new treatment approaches for preventing photoaging.
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Chun J, Ko YH, So KK, Cho SH, Kim DH. A fungal GPI-anchored protein gene functions as a virulence and antiviral factor. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Bernerd F, Passeron T, Castiel I, Marionnet C. The Damaging Effects of Long UVA (UVA1) Rays: A Major Challenge to Preserve Skin Health and Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158243. [PMID: 35897826 PMCID: PMC9368482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within solar ultraviolet (UV) light, the longest UVA1 wavelengths, with significant and relatively constant levels all year round and large penetration properties, produce effects in all cutaneous layers. Their effects, mediated by numerous endogenous chromophores, primarily involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting oxidative stress is the major mode of action of UVA1, responsible for lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA lesions and subsequent intracellular signaling cascades. These molecular changes lead to mutations, apoptosis, dermis remodeling, inflammatory reactions and abnormal immune responses. The altered biological functions contribute to clinical consequences such as hyperpigmentation, inflammation, photoimmunosuppression, sun allergies, photoaging and photocancers. Such harmful impacts have also been reported after the use of UVA1 phototherapy or tanning beds. Furthermore, other external aggressors, such as pollutants and visible light (Vis), were shown to induce independent, cumulative and synergistic effects with UVA1 rays. In this review, we synthetize the biological and clinical effects of UVA1 and the complementary effects of UVA1 with pollutants or Vis. The identified deleterious biological impact of UVA1 contributing to clinical consequences, combined with the predominance of UVA1 rays in solar UV radiation, constitute a solid rational for the need for a broad photoprotection, including UVA1 up to 400 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Bernerd
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay sous Bois, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-48-68-95-95
| | - Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nice, University Côte d’Azur, 151, Route de Ginestière, 06200 Nice, France;
- Research Center C3M, INSERM Unit 1065, University Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Castiel
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 3 Rue Dora Maar, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France;
| | - Claire Marionnet
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay sous Bois, France;
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Francois-Newton V, Kolanthan VL, Mandary MB, Philibert EG, Soobramaney V, Petkar G, Sokeechand BN, Hosenally M, Cavagnino A, Baraibar MA, Ng SP. The protective effect of a novel sunscreen against blue light. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:464-476. [PMID: 35689421 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Premature skin ageing, and skin hyperpigmentation are influenced by exogenous factors, such as ultraviolet radiation and blue light. In this study, we assess the protective effect of a sunscreen (TDF® Blu Voile Sunscreen) in protecting the skin against the harmful effects of blue light irradiation in vivo and through the in situ quantitative and qualitative evaluation of protein carbonylation in human skin explants. METHODOLOGY The protective effect of the test product against blue light was first evaluated ex vivo on human skin explants. The treated and non-treated explants were exposed to 14 J/cm2 of blue light 460 nm following which the protein carbonylation was evaluated by in situ epifluorescence imaging and separation by high-resolution gel electrophoresis. To determine whether the test product could also protect against the immediate and persistent pigmenting effect of blue light, two randomized in vivo studies were conducted, which included respectively 17 subjects with a skin phototype of IV and V (Fitzpatrick classification) and 22 subjects with a skin phototype of IV, V, and VI (Fitzpatrick classification). The duration of the study for each subject was 2 days (D1 and D2) for immediate observations and 5 days (D1-D5) for persistent observations. Specific zones on the subjects' back were either left non-treated or treated with the test product and were then exposed to a unique dose of blue light 415 nm. The onset of pigmentation between the treated and exposed zones was then assessed relative to the non-exposed treated zone through colorimetric measurements of the Individual Typology Angle (ITAo ). RESULTS Human skin explants treated with test product showed significantly lower levels of accumulated carbonylated proteins, with a protection of 82%, following exposure to blue light 460 nm. Findings of the in vivo studies also indicated that the test product presented significantly better protective efficacy against immediate and persistent pigmentation induced by blue light 415 nm. CONCLUSION Hence, it can be concluded that the test product can protect against the oxidative stress as well as the immediate and persistent pigmentation induced by blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vitisha Soobramaney
- Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (CIDP), Phoenix, Mauritius
| | - Gitanjali Petkar
- Centre International de Développement Pharmaceutique (CIDP), Phoenix, Mauritius
| | | | - Muzzammil Hosenally
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | | | | | - Sue Phay Ng
- Hyphens Pharma Pte Ltd, Singapore City, Singapore
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Schalka S, Silva MS, Lopes LF, de Freitas LM, Baptista MS. The skin redoxome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:181-195. [PMID: 34719068 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redoxome is the network of redox reactions and redox active species (ReAS) that affect the homeostasis of cells and tissues. Due to the intense and constant interaction with external agents, the human skin has a robust redox signalling framework with specific pathways and magnitudes. The establishment of the skin redoxome concept is key to expanding knowledge of skin disorders and establishing better strategies for their prevention and treatment. This review starts with its definition and progress to propose how the master redox regulators are maintained and activated in the different conditions experienced by the skin and how the lack of redox regulation is involved in the accumulation of several oxidation end products that are correlated with various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - M S Silva
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - L F Lopes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L M de Freitas
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Baptista
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Ishikawa A, Ito J, Shimizu N, Kato S, Kobayashi E, Ohnari H, Sakata O, Naru E, Nakagawa K. Linoleic acid and squalene are oxidized by discrete oxidation mechanisms in human sebum. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1500:112-121. [PMID: 34060095 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that squalene (SQ) in sebum is oxidized by a photooxidation mechanism (i.e., singlet oxygen oxidation) to create SQ hydroperoxide (SQOOH), a compound that causes adverse skin conditions. However, oxidation of other lipids in sebum, such as linoleic acid (LA), has not been fully understood. Elucidating their oxidation, especially its mechanisms, may lead to a further understanding of the relationship between sebum oxidation and skin conditions. In this study, using HPLC-MS/MS, we aimed to detect LA hydroperoxide (LAOOH) directly from sebum and identify the oxidation mechanism of LA in sebum through analysis of LAOOH isomers. We developed extraction and HPLC-MS/MS analysis conditions that can sufficiently quantify each LAOOH isomer in sebum. Using this method, LAOOH was detected in samples from healthy individuals, demonstrating the presence of LAOOH in human sebum. Moreover, isomer analysis of LAOOH and SQOOH indicated that LA and SQ are oxidized in sebum by discrete oxidation mechanisms (LA oxidized by free radical oxidation, whereas SQ oxidized by singlet oxygen oxidation). Such results may further lead to the development of mechanism-specific ways to prevent oxidation of sebum via a selection of appropriate antioxidants, ultimately leading to the promotion of skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Ishikawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimizu
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shunji Kato
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Eri Kobayashi
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,R&D Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Sakata
- R&D Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Naru
- R&D Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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10
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Gabe Y, Takeda K, Tobiishi M, Kikuchi S, Tsuda K, Haryuu Y, Nakajima Y, Inomata Y, Nakamura S, Murase D, Tokunaga S, Miyaki M, Takahashi Y. Evaluation of subclinical chronic sun damage in the skin via the detection of long-lasting ultraweak photon emission. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:1064-1071. [PMID: 33998715 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that solar radiation accelerates skin photoaging. To evaluate subclinical photodamage in the skin especially from the early phase of ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage, we have focused on ultraweak photon emission (UPE), also called biophotons. Our previous study reported that the amount of long-lasting UPE induced by UV, predominantly from lipid peroxidation, is a valuable indicator to assess cutaneous photodamage even at a suberythemal dose, although it was only applied to evaluate acute UV damage. The aim of this study was to further investigate whether long-lasting UPE could also be a useful marker to assess subclinical chronic sun damage in the course of skin photoaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three Japanese females in their 20s were recruited and were divided into two groups according to their history of sun exposure based on a questionnaire (high- and low-sun-exposure groups). Several skin properties on the cheek and outer forearm were measured in addition to UV-induced UPE. RESULTS Among the skin properties measured, water content, average skin roughness, and the lateral packing of lipids in the stratum corneum were significantly deteriorated in the high-sun-exposure group as were changes in some skin photoaging scores such as pigmented spots and wrinkles. In addition, those skin properties were correlated with the UPE signals, suggesting the possible impact of oxidative stress on chronic skin damage. CONCLUSION Subtle oxidative stress detected by long-lasting UPE may contribute to subclinical cutaneous damage at the beginning phase of chronic sun exposure, which potentially enhances skin photoaging over a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gabe
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Tobiishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Sho Kikuchi
- Skin Care Research, Kao Corporation, Sumida, Japan
| | - Koki Tsuda
- Analytical Science Research, Kao Corporation, Japan, Haga
| | | | | | | | - Shun Nakamura
- Analytical Science Research, Kao Corporation, Japan, Haga
| | - Daiki Murase
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
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11
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Cho C, Lee E, Cho E, Yoo H, Bae J, Ha J, Hwang J. In vivo method to evaluate antioxidative activity using UVA-induced carbonylated protein on human skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:1263-1269. [PMID: 33991394 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin is continuously exposed to oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the ultraviolet (UV) light, and it is important to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Carbonylated proteins (CPs) are candidate markers of oxidative modification as a result from the ROS. We aimed to develop the CP-based method to assess the efficacy of antioxidants in human skin. METHODS Ten healthy females were enrolled in the study to determine the UVA dosage for CP production, and another 10 females were included to evaluate the antioxidative activity. The stratum corneum was collected from test skin using D-Squame tape, and CPs from the SC were stained by fluorescence labeling and observed using a fluorescence microscope. RESULTS CP level significantly increased with UVA irradiation from 15J/cm2 to 50J/cm2 compared to the control (non-UVA) area. CP production significantly increased by 34.38% and 35.22% in UVA irradiation and squalene (vehicle) areas. 5% α-tocopherol and β-carotene significantly increased the CP production by 20.77% and 19.34% after 2 hours of 30J of UVA irradiation compared to control area. Inhibition rate of CPs in 5% α-tocopherol and 5% β-carotene showed 41.45% and 45.37% after 2 hours of UVA irradiation. CONCLUSION This study developed the simple, visual, and direct in vivo method to evaluate the antioxidative activity for products in human skin by measuring the CP level as an oxidative modification caused by UVA-induced ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Skin Research Center, Institut d'Expertise Clinique (IEC) KOREA, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyul Cho
- Skin Research Center, Institut d'Expertise Clinique (IEC) KOREA, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoo Yoo
- Skin Research Center, Institut d'Expertise Clinique (IEC) KOREA, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Bae
- Skin Research Center, Institut d'Expertise Clinique (IEC) KOREA, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyoun Ha
- Skin Research Center, Institut d'Expertise Clinique (IEC) KOREA, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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12
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Luo SW, Alimujiang A, Balamurugan S, Zheng JW, Wang X, Yang WD, Cui J, Li HY. Physiological and molecular responses in halotolerant Dunaliella salina exposed to molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124014. [PMID: 33069998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (MoS2 NPs) has emerged as the promising nanomaterial with a wide array of applications in the biomedical, industrial and environmental field. However, the potential effect of MoS2 NPs on marine organisms has yet to be reported. In this study, the effect of MoS2 NPs on the physiological index, subcellular morphology, transcriptomic profiles of the marine microalgae Dunaliella salina was investigated for the first time. exhibited "doping-like" effects on marine microalgae; Growth stimulation was 193.55%, and chlorophyll content increased 1.61-fold upon the addition of 50 μg/L MoS2 NPs. Additionally, exposure to MoS2 NPs significantly increased the protein and carbohydrate content by 2.03- and 1.56-fold, respectively. The antioxidant system was activated as well to eliminate the adverse influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in porphyrin synthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and DNA replication were upregulated upon MoS2 NPs exposure, which supports the mechanistic role of MoS2 NPs in improving cellular growth and photosynthesis. The "doping-like" effects on marine algae suggest that the low concentration of MoS2 NPs might change the rudimentary ecological composition in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Adili Alimujiang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Srinivasan Balamurugan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianghu Cui
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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13
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Lipsky ZW, German GK. Ultraviolet light degrades the mechanical and structural properties of human stratum corneum. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 100:103391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Mann T, Eggers K, Rippke F, Tesch M, Buerger A, Darvin ME, Schanzer S, Meinke MC, Lademann J, Kolbe L. High-energy visible light at ambient doses and intensities induces oxidative stress of skin-Protective effects of the antioxidant and Nrf2 inducer Licochalcone A in vitro and in vivo. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2019; 36:135-144. [PMID: 31661571 PMCID: PMC7078816 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar radiation causes skin damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While UV filters effectively reduce UV-induced ROS, they cannot prevent VIS-induced (400-760 nm) oxidative stress. Therefore, potent antioxidants are needed as additives to sunscreen products. METHODS We investigated VIS-induced ROS formation and the photoprotective effects of the Nrf2 inducer Licochalcone A (LicA). RESULTS Visible spectrum of 400-500 nm dose-dependently induced ROS in cultured human fibroblasts at doses equivalent to 1 hour of sunshine on a sunny summer day (150 J/cm2 ). A pretreatment for 24 hours with 1 µmol/L LicA reduced ROS formation to the level of unirradiated cells while UV filters alone were ineffective, even at SPF50+. In vivo, topical treatment with a LicA-containing SPF50 + formulation significantly prevented the depletion of intradermal carotenoids by VIS irradiation while SPF50 + control did not protect. CONCLUSION LicA may be a useful additive antioxidant for sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Mann
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Eggers
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Rippke
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Tesch
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anette Buerger
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Schanzer
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Kolbe
- Beiersdorf AG, Research and Development, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Abstract
:Protein carbonylation (PC) is a marker of reactive oxygen species-mediated alterations induced by external stimuli such as UV and blue light irradiation. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Vitachelox®, a mixture of three standardized natural extracts rich in polyphenols, against PC induced by blue light irradiation in human keratinocytes. We tested eight experimental conditions, including Vitachelox® 0.01% and 0.005% w/v, used for 6 or 24 h before irradiation, and a solution of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as positive control of protection. PC was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy in situ and by absolute quantification (Carbonyl Score) upon protein extraction and separation. Both the in situ visualization study and the carbonyl score showed a considerable increase in protein oxidative damage upon blue light irradiation, and a decrease in PC in the presence of Vitachelox®. In particular, Vitachelox® 0.005% showed superior results compared to NAC in terms of carbonyl score and protein quality, and it was estimated to exert a protective action against blue-light irradiation ranging from 72% (24 h) to 82% (6 h). The protective antioxidant effect of Vitachelox®, together with the anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties previously reported, make this natural active ingredient a valuable tool in the maintenance of healthy skin.
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16
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Kuehnle A, Schurr R. Brewing Change: Dark Fermentation of Photosynthetic Microalgae. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.29159.aku] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Kuehnle
- Kuehnle AgroSystems, Honolulu, HI
- Adelheid Kuehnle is CEO Kuehnle AgroSystems, Honolulu, HI and co-editor-in-chief, Industrial Biotechnology
| | - Robert Schurr
- Kuehnle AgroSystems, Honolulu, HI
- Robert Schurr is Senior Scientist, Kuehnle AgroSystems. Web:
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17
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Yamawaki Y, Mizutani T, Okano Y, Masaki H. The impact of carbonylated proteins on the skin and potential agents to block their effects. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28 Suppl 1:32-37. [PMID: 30698875 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbonylated proteins (CPs) are synthesized by reactions between amino groups in proteins and reactive aldehyde compounds (RAC) yielded from lipid peroxidation initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the skin, CPs are detected in a higher frequency at sun-exposed sites of the skin in elderly subjects. Since CPs in the stratum corneum (SC) have been reported to correlate with skin water content and transepidermal water loss, it is considered that the accumulation of CPs in the SC involves the loss of skin moisture functions. However, the roles of CPs in the dermis on skin physiology are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of CPs in the dermis during the progression of photoaged skin and to propose a method to prevent or reduce the synthesis of CPs. The exposure of human normal dermal fibroblasts to CPs increased intracellular ROS levels and the synthesis of intracellular CPs. In addition, CPs caused morphological changes of fibroblasts. Furthermore, CPs caused alterations of mRNA expression levels of dermal matrix-related proteins, such as upregulating MMP-1 and IL-8. These results indicated that CPs disrupt construction of the dermal matrix. On the other hand, α-tocopherol and β-carotene suppressed the synthesis of RAC during lipid peroxidation which resulted in the reduction of UVA-induced CPs in the SC. From these results, we propose that extracellular CPs increase intracellular ROS levels and contribute to alterations of the dermal matrix. To prevent the synthesis of CPs, the application of α-tocopherol or β-carotene could be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Yamawaki
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taeko Mizutani
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Okano
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Masaki
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Doi M, Sagawa Y, Tanaka T, Mizutani T, Okano Y, Masaki H. Defensive Effects of a Unique Polysaccharide, Sacran, to Protect Keratinocytes against Extracellular Stimuli and Its Possible Mechanism of Action. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 41:1554-1560. [PMID: 30270324 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sacran, a polysaccharide isolated from the alga Aphanothece sacrum (Suizenji-nori), has unique physical and physiological characteristics. In a previous study, we reported that sacran improves skin conditions in individuals who suffer from atopic dermatitis (AD), focusing on its trapping function against extrinsic stimuli compared with hyaluronic acid (HA). First, we examined the penetration of sacran through stratum corneum (SC) with an impaired barrier function using immature reconstructed human epidermal equivalents. Sacran penetrates the SC to living cell layers of the epidermis, which suggested that sacran would attenuate adverse influences in keratinocytes caused by extracellular factors such as irritants or proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1α (IL-1α). Sacran markedly reduced the cell damage induced by a nonionic detergent, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). Moreover, sacran restored the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels stimulated by SLS and by IL-1α. These effects of sacran were superior to those of HA. In order to investigate the restoration effects of sacran, the influence of sacran on the physical properties of lipid bilayers was evaluated by measuring the order parameter using the ESR spin-labeling method. Because sacran failed to cause changes in the order parameters of liposomes and HaCaT keratinocytes, these results indicate that sacran does not interact with lipid bilayers although it restored changes in the order parameter caused by SLS. The sum of these results demonstrates that sacran reduces the influence of extracellular stimuli by its trapping effects. We conclude that the improving action of sacran is based on its trapping effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Sagawa
- Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School, Department of Bionics
| | | | - Taeko Mizutani
- Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School, Department of Bionics
| | - Yuri Okano
- Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School, Department of Bionics
| | - Hitoshi Masaki
- Tokyo University of Technology Graduate School, Department of Bionics
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19
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Red Raspberry Extract Protects the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage with Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9529676. [PMID: 30723535 PMCID: PMC6339709 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9529676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extensive exposure to UVB (280–320 nm) is the major risk responsible for various skin injuries. Numerous reports have shown that natural products could demonstrate photochemopreventive efficacy against UVB damage. We investigated the preventive effects and associated molecular mechanisms of red raspberry extract upon UVB-caused damage in human epidermal keratinocytes and a nude mouse model. The protein profiles and immunohistological study on a nude mouse skin indicated that red raspberry extract could prevent UVB-caused cell death and protect the skin against UVB-exposed injury manifested by wrinkling, scaling, tanning, and water loss as well as epidermal thickening. In addition, red raspberry extract application effectively abolished oxidative damage in DNA and attenuated the carbonylation level of proteins, which attributed to the activation of SOD, Nrf2 and its target genes, and HO-1. Red raspberry extract also altered the cells' apoptotic signaling pathways including caspase-3 as well as the inflammatory cascade such as c-jun and attenuated UVB-induced activation of NF-κB and COX-2. Red raspberry extract could alleviate direct photodamage to the skin caused by UVB exposure through the ROS scavenger and protection against inflammatory responses, which may allow the development of novel strategies in protecting the skin subjected to UVB radiation.
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20
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Lawrence KP, Douki T, Sarkany RPE, Acker S, Herzog B, Young AR. The UV/Visible Radiation Boundary Region (385-405 nm) Damages Skin Cells and Induces "dark" Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers in Human Skin in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12722. [PMID: 30143684 PMCID: PMC6109054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of terrestrial solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (~295–400 nm) on the skin are well documented, especially in the UVB region (~295–320 nm). The effects of very long-wave UVA (>380 nm) and visible radiation (≥400 nm) are much less known. Sunscreens have been beneficial in inhibiting a wide range of photodamage, however most formulations provide very little protection in the long wave UVA region (380–400 nm) and almost none from shortwave visible wavelengths (400–420 nm). We demonstrate photodamage in this region for a number of different endpoints including cell viability, DNA damage (delayed cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers), differential gene expression (for genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and photoageing) and induction of oxidizing species in vitro in HaCaT keratinocytes and in vivo in human volunteers. This work has implications for phototherapy and photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Lawrence
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Thierry Douki
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES/CIBEST, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Robert P E Sarkany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Bernd Herzog
- BASF Grenzach GmbH, Grenzach-Whylen, 79639, Germany
| | - Antony R Young
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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21
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Lim J, Lim CJ, Kim S, Nam G, Chang M, Park K, Park K, Kim HJ, Ahn JK, Jeong S. Antiaging and antioxidant effects of topical autophagy activator: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongmi Lim
- CRID Center NeoPharm Co., Ltd. Daejeon South Korea
| | - Chae Jin Lim
- Incospharm Corp. Daejeon South Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Daejeon South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Kim
- CRID Center NeoPharm Co., Ltd. Daejeon South Korea
| | - Gaewon Nam
- Department of Bio‐Cosmetic Science Seowon University Cheongju South Korea
| | - Minyoul Chang
- Department of Bio‐Cosmetic Science Seowon University Cheongju South Korea
| | | | - Kyungho Park
- Convergence Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, and Department of Food Science and Nutrition Hallym University Chuncheon South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology Seoul Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Jeong Keun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology School of Bioscience and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Daejeon South Korea
| | - Sekyoo Jeong
- Department of Bio‐Cosmetic Science Seowon University Cheongju South Korea
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22
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Carbonylated proteins contribute to the darkness around facial pores. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 89:299-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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