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Chalmers FE, Dusold JE, Shaik JA, Walsh HA, Glick AB. Targeted deletion of TGFβ1 in basal keratinocytes causes profound defects in stratified squamous epithelia and aberrant melanocyte migration. Dev Biol 2022; 485:9-23. [PMID: 35227671 PMCID: PMC8969113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial cells. While its role in cancer is well studied, less is known about TGFβ1 and regulation of epithelial development. To address this, we deleted TGFβ1 in basal keratinocytes of stratified squamous epithelia. Newborn mice with a homozygous TGFβ1 deletion had significant defects in proliferation and differentiation of the epidermis and oral mucosa, and died shortly after birth. Hair follicles were sparse in TGFβ1 depleted skin and had delayed development. Additionally, the Wnt pathway transcription factor LEF1 was reduced in hair follicle bulbs and nearly absent from the basal epithelial layer. Hemizygous knockout mice survived to adulthood but were runted and had sparse coats. The skin of these mice had irregular hair follicle morphology and aberrant hair cycle progression, as well as abnormally high melanin expression and delayed melanocyte migration. In contrast to newborn TGFβ1 null mice, the epidermis was hyperproliferative, acanthotic and inflamed. Expression of p63, a master regulator of stratified epithelial identity, proliferation and differentiation, was reduced in TGFβ1 null newborn epidermis but expanded in the postnatal acanthotic epidermis of TGFβ1 hemizygous mice. Thus, TGFβ1 is both essential and haploinsufficient with context dependent roles in stratified squamous epithelial development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Chalmers
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Justyn E Dusold
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Javed A Shaik
- Dermatology Department, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Hailey A Walsh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Adam B Glick
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
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Tyumentseva A, Averchuk A, Palkina N, Zinchenko I, Moshev A, Savchenko A, Ruksha T. Transcriptomic Profiling Revealed Plexin A2 Downregulation With Migration and Invasion Alteration in Dacarbazine-Treated Primary Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732501. [PMID: 34926249 PMCID: PMC8677675 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is highly heterogeneous type of malignant neoplasm that is responsible for the majority of deaths among other types of skin cancer. In the present study, we screened a list of differentially expressed genes in two primary, drug-naïve melanoma cell lines derived from patients with melanoma following treatment of the cells with the chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine. The aim was to determine the transcriptomic profiles and associated alterations in the cell phenotype. We found the vascular endothelial growth factor A/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and focal adhesion signaling pathways to be top altered after dacarbazine treatment. In addition, we observed the expression levels of genes associated with tumor dissemination, integrin β8 and matrix metalloproteinase-1, to be diminished in both cell lines studied, the results of which were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. By contrast, plexin A2 expression was found to be upregulated in K2303 cells, where reduced migration and invasion were also observed, following dacarbazine treatment. Plexin A2 downregulation was associated with the promotion of migrative and invasive capacities in B0404 melanoma cells. Since plexin A2 is semaphorin co-receptor that is involved in focal adhesion and cell migration regulation, the present study suggested that plexin A2 may be implicated in the dacarbazine-mediated phenotypic shift of melanoma cells. We propose that the signature of cancer cell invasiveness can be revealed by using a combination of transcriptomic and functional approaches, which should be applied in the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for each patient with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tyumentseva
- Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anton Averchuk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Palkina
- Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Zinchenko
- Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anton Moshev
- Laboratory of Cell Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of The Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Savchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of The Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ruksha
- Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Keratinocytes Regulate the Threshold of Inflammation by Inhibiting T Cell Effector Functions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071606. [PMID: 34206914 PMCID: PMC8306889 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst the importance of keratinocytes as a first-line defense has been widely investigated, little is known about their interactions with non-resident immune cells. In this study, the impact of human keratinocytes on T cell effector functions was analyzed in an antigen-specific in vitro model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to nickel sulfate. Keratinocytes partially inhibited T cell proliferation and cytokine production. This effect was dependent on the keratinocyte/T cell ratio and was partially reversible by increasing the number of autologous dendritic cells. The inhibition of T cell proliferation by keratinocytes was independent of the T cell subtype and antigen presentation by different professional antigen-presenting cells. Autologous and heterologous keratinocytes showed comparable effects, while the fixation of keratinocytes with paraformaldehyde abrogated the immunosuppressive effect. The separation of keratinocytes and T cells by a transwell chamber, as well as a cell-free keratinocyte supernatant, inhibited T cell effector functions to the same amount as directly co-cultured keratinocytes, thus proving that soluble factor/s account for the observed suppressive effects. In conclusion, keratinocytes critically control the threshold of inflammatory processes in the skin by inhibiting T cell proliferation and cytokine production.
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Hirai T, Yang Y, Zenke Y, Li H, Chaudhri VK, De La Cruz Diaz JS, Zhou PY, Nguyen BAT, Bartholin L, Workman CJ, Griggs DW, Vignali DAA, Singh H, Masopust D, Kaplan DH. Competition for Active TGFβ Cytokine Allows for Selective Retention of Antigen-Specific Tissue- Resident Memory T Cells in the Epidermal Niche. Immunity 2020; 54:84-98.e5. [PMID: 33212014 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Following antigen-driven expansion in lymph node, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is required for differentiation of skin-recruited CD8+ T cell effectors into epidermal resident memory T (Trm) cells and their epidermal persistence. We found that the source of TGFβ -supporting Trm cells was autocrine. In addition, antigen-specific Trm cells that encountered cognate antigen in the skin, and bystander Trm cells that did not, both displayed long-term persistence in the epidermis under steady-state conditions. However, when the active-TGFβ was limited or when new T cell clones were recruited into the epidermis, antigen-specific Trm cells were more efficiently retained than bystander Trm cells. Genetically enforced TGFβR signaling allowed bystander Trm cells to persist in the epidermis as efficiently as antigen-specific Trm cells in both contexts. Thus, competition between T cells for active TGFβ represents an unappreciated selective pressure that promotes the accumulation and persistence of antigen-specific Trm cells in the epidermal niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Hirai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yukari Zenke
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haiyue Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 1 Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Virendra K Chaudhri
- Center for Systems Immunology and the Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacinto S De La Cruz Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Paul Yifan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Breanna Anh-Thu Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- TGF-b & Pancreatic Cancer Lab, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - David W Griggs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, MO 63104, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology and the Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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McEntee CP, Gunaltay S, Travis MA. Regulation of barrier immunity and homeostasis by integrin-mediated transforming growth factor β activation. Immunology 2019; 160:139-148. [PMID: 31792952 PMCID: PMC7218408 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, migration and death dependent on cell type, developmental stage, or tissue conditions. Various cell types secrete TGF‐β, but always as an inactive complex. Hence, for TGF‐β to function, this latent complex must somehow be activated. Work in recent years has highlighted a critical role for members of the αv integrin family, including αvβ1, αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6 and αvβ8 that are involved in TGF‐β activation in various contexts, particularly at barrier sites such as the gut, lung and skin. The integrins facilitating this context‐ and location‐specific regulation can be dysregulated in certain diseases, so are potential therapeutic targets in a number of disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of TGF‐β at these barrier sites with a focus on how integrin‐mediated TGF‐β activation regulates tissue and immune homeostasis, and how this is altered in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P McEntee
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sezin Gunaltay
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark A Travis
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester, UK.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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