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Guo MS, Wu Q, Dong TT, Tsim KWK. The UV-induced uptake of melanosome by skin keratinocyte is triggered by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated phagocytosis. FEBS J 2023; 290:724-744. [PMID: 36048140 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The melanosome is an organelle that produces melanin for skin pigmentation, which is synthesized by epidermal melanocytes, subsequently transported and internalized by epidermal keratinocytes. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) from sunlight radiation is a major stimulator of melanosome uptake by keratinocytes. Acetylcholine (ACh) is known to be released by keratinocytes under UV exposure, which regulates melanin production in melanocytes by participating in which has been named as 'skin synapse'. Here, the role of cholinergic molecules, i.e. ACh and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), in regulating melanosome uptake through phagocytosis by keratinocytes was illustrated. In cultured keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), the fluorescent beads at different sizes imitating melanosomes, or melanosomes, were phagocytosed under UV exposure. The UV-induced phagocytosis in keratinocytes was markedly increased by applied ACh, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor or an α7 nAChR agonist. By contrast, the antagonist of α7 nAChR was able to fully block the UV-induced phagocytosis, suggesting the role of α7 nAChR in this event. The intracellular Ca++ mobilization was triggered by UV exposure, accounting for the initiation of phagocytosis. The blockage of UV-mediated Ca++ mobilization, triggered by BAPTA-AM or α7 nAChR antagonist, resulted in a complete termination of phagocytosis. Besides, the phosphorylation of cofilin, as well as expression and activation of RhoA, accounting for phagocytosis was induced by UV exposure: the phosphorylation was blocked by BAPTA-AM or α7 nAChR antagonist. The result suggests that the cholinergic system, especially α7 nAChR, is playing a regulatory role in modulating melanosome uptake in keratinocytes being induced by UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Suisui Guo
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Tingxia Dong
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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Katsuyama Y, Hiyama K, Sawamura A, Kawase I, Okano Y, Masaki H. Pyridoxine Has a Potential to Prevent the Appearance of Pigmented Spots: Effects on the Phagocytosis and Differentiation of Keratinocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1378-1384. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tan B, Wu X, Yu J, Chen Z. The Role of Saponins in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123956. [PMID: 35745079 PMCID: PMC9227328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain caused by tissue injury or disease involving the somatosensory nervous system, which seriously affects the patient's body function and quality of life. At present, most clinical medications for the treatment of neuropathic pain, including antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, or analgesics, often have limited efficacy and non-negligible side effects. As a bioactive and therapeutic component extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, the role of the effective compounds in the prevention and treatment of neuropathic pain have gradually become a research focus to explore new analgesics. Notably, saponins have shown analgesic effects in a large number of animal models. In this review, we summarized the most updated information of saponins, related to their analgesic effects in neuropathic pain, and the recent progress on the research of therapeutic targets and the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, we put up with some perspectives on future investigation to reveal the precise role of saponins in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (B.T.); (X.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (B.T.); (X.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (B.T.); (X.W.); (J.Y.)
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (B.T.); (X.W.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88208228
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He H, Lin K, Zou C, Pan J, Fu W, Zhou Y, Lin H, Chen C, Su Y. Knockdown of Annexin A2 Enhances Radiosensitivity by Increasing G2/M-Phase Arrest, Apoptosis and Activating the p38 MAPK-HSP27 Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:769544. [PMID: 35371986 PMCID: PMC8968728 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.769544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) has been found to be involved in cancer proliferation, metastasis and prognosis; however, its exact role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radioresistance remains unknown. We found that ANXA2 expression was correlated with prognosis in NPC patients, and longer overall survival in NPC patients with low ANXA2 expression than those with high ANXA2 expression. ANXA2 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity in radioresistant NPC cells, and ANXA2 overexpression decreased the radiosensitivity in NPC cells. Knocking-down ANXA2 expression increased the irradiation-induced apoptosis of radioresistant NPC cells, and ANXA2 overexpression decreased the irradiation-induced apoptosis of NPC cells. ANXA2 knockdown induced G2/M phase arrest in NPC cells post-irradiation, and ANXA2 overexpression abrogated G2/M phase arrest in NPC cells post-irradiation. ANXA2 overexpression resulted in inhibition of the p38 MAPK-HSP27 pathway, while ANXA2 knockdown resulted in activation of the p38 MAPK-HSP27 pathway. In addition, ANXA2 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity of the xenografted tumors in nude mice. Our data demonstrate that knockdown of Annexin A2 enhanced radiosensitivity in NPC by increasing G2/M-phase arrest, apoptosis and activating the p38 MAPK-HSP27 pathway. ANXA2 may be a promising target used to overcome radioresistance in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huocong He
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Keyu Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changyan Zou
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianru Pan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wankai Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huamei Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Su
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology and Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Su,
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