Surgical-derived oral adipose tissue provides early stage adult stem cells

Low Molecular Weight Sericin Enhances the In Vitro of Immunological Modulation and Cell Migration

Sericin, a waste product of the silk textile industry, has favorable physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, we extracted a low molecular weight (MW) sericin (LMW-sericin; below 10 kDa) by a performing high-temperature and high-pressure method and confirmed the MW using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we determined its biological effects on macrophages and human adipose stem cells (hASCs) as cell models to investigate the biocompatibility, immunomodulation behavior, and potential signaling pathway-related wound healing via analyses of gene expression of focal adhesion and human cytokines and chemokines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and cytokine assay. LMW-sericin showed good biocompatibility both in macrophages and hASCs. Macrophages cultured with 0.1 mg/ml LMW-sericin displayed an improved inflammatory response shown by the upregulation of CXCL9, IL12A, BMP7, and IL10, which developed Th1 and Th2 balance. LMW-sericin also improved the differentiation of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype by significantly enhancing the expression of Arg-1, which is conducive to the repair of the inflammatory environment. Moreover, the gene expression of hASCs showed that LMW-sericin promoted the secretion of beneficial adhesion molecules that potentially activate the gene transcription of differentiation and migration in hASCs, as well as significantly enhanced the levels of PKCβ1, RhoA, and RasGFR1 as fruitful molecules in wound healing. These findings provide insights into LMW-sericin application as a potential biomaterial for wound management.

Polymeric Gelatin Scaffolds Affect Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Its Diverse Applications in Tissue Engineering

Studies using polymeric scaffolds for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, implants and medical substitutes, and drug delivery systems, have attempted to identify suitable material for tissue regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility and effectiveness of a gelatin scaffold seeded with human adipose stem cells (hASCs), including physical characteristics, multilineage differentiation in vitro, and osteogenic potential, in a rat model of a calvarial bone defect and to optimize its design. This functionalized scaffold comprised gelatin-hASCs layers to improve their efficacy in various biomedical applications. The gelatin scaffold exhibited excellent biocompatibility in vitro after two weeks of implantation. Furthermore, the gelatin scaffold supported and specifically regulated the proliferation and osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of hASCs, respectively. After 12 weeks of implantation, upon treatment with the gelatin-hASCs scaffold, the calvarial bone harboring the critical defect regenerated better and displayed greater osteogenic potential without any damage to the surrounding tissues compared to the untreated bone defect. These findings suggest that the present gelatin scaffold is a good potential carrier for stem cells in various tissue engineering applications.

Combination of resveratrol-containing collagen with adipose stem cells for craniofacial tissue-engineering applications

Repair and regeneration of craniofacial tissues is particularly challenging because they comprise a complex structure of hard and soft tissues involved in intricate functions. This study combined collagen scaffolds and human adipose stem cells (hASCs) for oral mucosal and calvarial bone regeneration by using resveratrol (RSV), which affects the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. We have evaluated the effect of collagen scaffold-containing RSV (collagen/RSV) scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo for their wound healing and bone regeneration potential. Scanning electron microscopy and immunostaining results reveal that hASCs adhere well to and proliferate on both collagen scaffolds and collagen/RSV scaffolds. Oral mucosal lesion experiments demonstrated that the collagen/RSV scaffold is more effective in wound closure and contraction than the collagen scaffold. The micro-computed tomography (μCT) images of calvarial bone display regenerating bone in defects covered with hASCs on collagen/RSV scaffolds that are more visible than that in defects covered with hASCs on a collagen scaffolds. RSV was more effective at inducing hASC differentiation on the collagen scaffold, suggesting that collagen/RSV scaffolds can provide useful biological cues that stimulate craniofacial tissue formation.

Osteogenic prospective of deriving human dental stem cells in collagen matrix boost

Stem cells derived from oral tissue represent a highly attractive alternative source for clinical bone regeneration because they can be collected by non-invasive or minimally invasive procedures. Herein, we describe the human dental stem cells (DSCs) deriving from buccal fat pads (BFP), dental pulp (DP) of impacted teeth, and periodontal ligaments (PDL) to obtain BFPSCs, DPSCs, and PDLSCs, respectively. Cells were purified with selected medium and expanded through passages in stem cell culture medium. Purified cells were characterized for stemness by their growth rate, immunostaining, and multilineage differentiation ability. They showed plastic adherence, expression of stemness-specific markers, and multilineage differentiation potential. Immunocytochemistry analysis confirmed that DPSCs had more osteogenic potential than BFSCs and PDLSCs. Calcium-rich deposits, evaluated by von Kossa and Alizarin red staining, showed greater mineralization when DPSCs were cultured on collagen type I matrix than without collagen. Furthermore, DPSC-seeded collagen type I matrix maintained consistent osteogenesis and boosted mineral formation by 1-2 weeks over that in DPSCs cultured without collagen. Radiographic analysis of DPSC-seeded collagen type I matrix transplanted into rat cranial defects showed significant bone regeneration after 8 weeks. These results suggested that the redundant oral tissue can be used as a source of adult multipotent stem cells for clinical bone regeneration. Triple overlay images with biomarkers (red), nuclei (blue) and bright field morphology of DPSCs. The specifically osteo-differentiation shown by osteocalcin (left) expression and lack of sox9 (right) expressed in the images below which were cultured with collagen matrix, contrast with no collagen matrix group above.