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Kashiwazaki K, Komagamine Y, Uehara Y, Yamamoto M, Nakai H, Bui NHT, Liu H, Namano S, Tonprasong W, Kanazawa M, Minakuchi S. Effect of gum-chewing exercise on maintaining and improving oral function in older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1021-1027. [PMID: 38618096 PMCID: PMC11010614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Gum chewing has been found to improve oral function. Nevertheless, few randomized controlled trials have investigated the effects of gum-chewing exercises on oral function in older adults. This study aimed to examine the effect of gum-chewing exercises on oral function in older adults. Materials and methods This was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial, conducted from November 2021 to January 2022. A total of 130 participants were divided randomly into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group was told to chew experimental gums for one month, while the control group was instructed to chew experimental tablets for one month. Maximum bite force, occlusal contact areas, oral dryness, tongue pressure, tongue and lip functions (number of times each of the following syllables is pronounced per second:/pa/,/ta/, and/ka/), masticatory function, subjective masticatory function, and gum-chewing time were measured at baseline and one month following intervention to assess outcomes. Results One month following the intervention, tongue pressure was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P = 0.027). In the within-group comparisons, maximum bite force (P < 0.001), unstimulated saliva flow (P < 0.001), tongue and lip functions (/pa/: P < 0.001;/ta/: P < 0.001;/ka/: P < 0.001), color scale value (P = 0.019), and ΔE value (P = 0.024) were significantly increased in the intervention group. Conclusion The results suggest that gum-chewing exercises can improve oral functions in older adults, although additional increases in masticatory load may be necessary to establish a more effective oral function training method using gum-chewing exercises in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kashiwazaki
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Komagamine
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Uehara
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mao Yamamoto
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakai
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ngoc Huyen Trang Bui
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hengyi Liu
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahaprom Namano
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Watcharapong Tonprasong
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kanazawa
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishii Y, Iida T, Honda-Sakaki M, Yoshida K, Svensson P, Komiyama O. Comparison of masticatory muscle activity between young adults and elderly participants using a novel standardized bite device. J Dent 2024; 143:104887. [PMID: 38360395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Standardized bite training is required to prevent oral hypofunction in elderly individuals. We aimed to compare masticatory muscle activity between 24 young adults and 16 pre-elderly individuals during a biting task using a novel standardized bite device (BD). METHODS The BD was made of silicone rubber and included a high-force or low-force plate spring or no plate spring (dummy). The compressive stiffness of the material in each BD was measured using a texture analyzer. All participants performed a biting task 50-times at a rate of 1/s each using the three types of BDs on the right first molar. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded bilaterally from the masseter and temporalis muscles. The variability of each biting training session was calculated as the coefficient of variance (CV) from the EMG activity during each biting task for each muscle. Masticatory muscle fatigue was assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS). RESULTS Compressive stiffness was significantly different between each BD (P < 0.001). The CV and NRS scores were not significantly different between the groups. The EMG activities during each bite task in all muscles were not significantly different for any measurement item between the age groups. The EMG activities of high- and low-force BDs in the right temporalis (ipsilateral) muscle were significantly higher than those of the dummy BD (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compressive stiffness of the BD affected EMG activity only in the ipsilateral temporalis muscle, but not in the masseter or contralateral temporalis muscles, without any age effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishii
- Department of Oral Function and Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan; Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Takashi Iida
- Department of Oral Function and Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
| | - Mika Honda-Sakaki
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Oral Function and Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan; Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Dentistry, Malmø University, Sweden
| | - Osamu Komiyama
- Department of Oral Function and Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
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Kawamura J, Tanaka T, Kanno S, Osawa K, Okabayashi K, Hirano H, Shirobe M, Nagatani M, Son BK, Lyu W, Iijima K. Relationship between a gum-chewing routine and oral, physical, and cognitive functions of community-dwelling older adults: A Kashiwa cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:68-74. [PMID: 38054384 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM As associations between oral function and general health have been reported in community-dwelling older adults, easily implementable preventive measures are urgently required. We focused on the health benefits of gum chewing, as no studies have been carried out on the impact of gum-chewing routines on the health of older adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether the gum-chewing routine is associated with oral, physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This study included 1617 community-dwelling older participants in a health survey carried out in 2021. The gum-chewing routine and weekly chewing time were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The outcome measures, including actual measurements of oral function, physical function, cognitive function, dietary intake and lifestyle, were evaluated using self-administered questionnaires or health surveys. RESULTS We analyzed 1474 (mean age 76.1 ± 5.8 years, 45% women) participants for whom all data were not missing, and 14% of them had a gum-chewing routine for more than 30 min weekly. Oral functions were significantly higher in older adults with a gum-chewing routine, and there were substantially fewer participants with oral frailty (adjusted odds ratio 0.581, 95% confidence interval 0.340-0.993). Additionally, cognitive and physical functions, including grip strength, were significantly higher in the gum-chewing routine group. CONCLUSIONS Community-dwelling older adults with a gum-chewing routine have higher oral, physical and cognitive functions. These findings indicate that a gum-chewing routine might contribute to maintaining oral function and preventing frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 68-74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kawamura
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Central Research Laboratory, LOTTE CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tanaka
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Kanno
- Central Research Laboratory, LOTTE CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Osawa
- Central Research Laboratory, LOTTE CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Shirobe
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nagatani
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bo-Kyung Son
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Weida Lyu
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Iijima
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Gomi K, Moroi A, Yoshizawa K, Iguchi R, Ueki K. Evaluation of tongue pressure and lip closing force in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: A retrospective study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2023; 51:696-701. [PMID: 37652849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare changes in tongue pressure and lip closing force among skeletal Class II and Class III patients, who had undergone orthognathic surgery, and a control group. Maximum tongue pressure and lip closing forces were measured preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Time-course changes were analyzed and compared among the groups. The control group involved 40 skeletal Class I occlusion volunteers (20 male and 20 female), the Class II group involved 20 female patients, and the skeletal Class III group involved 40 patients, who were subdivided by sex into two groups comprising 20 males and 20 females, respectively. Time-course changes in tongue pressure were not significantly different between and within groups. However, postoperative lip closing forces became gradually higher in the Class III group female and male subjects compared with the control group, although this was not observed in the Class II group. There were significant correlations between tongue pressure and lip closing force before and after surgery (p = 0.001), and these correlations increased over time. Although there was no significant increase in maximum tongue pressure after orthognathic surgery, there was an associated increase in perioral muscle strength. This suggests that an increase in perioral muscle strength may contribute more to the stability of postoperative jaw morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gomi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K Ueki), Division of Clinical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Akinori Moroi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K Ueki), Division of Clinical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunio Yoshizawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K Ueki), Division of Clinical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ran Iguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K Ueki), Division of Clinical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ueki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. K Ueki), Division of Clinical Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato Chuo-shi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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Kashiwazaki K, Komagamine Y, Shanglin W, Ren X, Hayashi N, Nakayama M, Namano S, Kanazawa M, Minakuchi S. Improvements in Maximum Bite Force with Gum-Chewing Training in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6534. [PMID: 37892673 PMCID: PMC10607538 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
No specific methods have been officially proposed for the prevention and improvement of oral hypofunction. Therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to develop a gum-chewing training program and determine its effects in older adults. A total of 218 older adults, aged 65-85 years, were randomly allocated to the intervention or control groups. The intervention group chewed the experimental gum daily, whereas the control group consumed the experimental granular food daily. The outcome assessments measured the maximum bite force, occlusal contact areas, oral dryness, tongue pressure, tongue and lip functions, masticatory function, and gum-chewing time. The measured values for each outcome were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test and within groups pre- and post-intervention using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A total of 211 participants completed the study. After 2 months, the intervention group had a significantly higher maximum bite force than the control group (p = 0.01), indicating that gum-chewing training improved maximum bite force in older adults. This was determined using one type of bite force measuring device. Therefore, it is suggested that gum-chewing training has a high potential to improve oral hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kashiwazaki
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuriko Komagamine
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Wu Shanglin
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Xiangyu Ren
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Nanaka Hayashi
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (N.H.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Mirai Nakayama
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (N.H.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Sahaprom Namano
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Manabu Kanazawa
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (N.H.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (K.K.); (W.S.); (X.R.); (S.N.); (S.M.)
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Kim HE, Wallace J, Sohn W. Factors Affecting Masticatory Performance of Older Adults Are Sex-Dependent: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15742. [PMID: 36497815 PMCID: PMC9735781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study assessed the oral and physical factors contributing to improvement of the masticatory performance of community-dwelling older adults in South Korea. We enrolled 84 healthy older adults (38 men, 46 women; age, 71.40 ± 5.15 years) and assessed their skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), functional tooth units (FTUs), and mixing ability index (MAI). Associations between variables were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, and the effects of SMI and FTUs on the MAI were evaluated through linear multiple regression. FTUs were positively associated with the MAI in men and women (r = 0.339, p = 0.038 and r = 0.461, p = 0.001, respectively). SMI and FTUs were moderately associated in men (r = 0.459, p = 0.004). MAI showed an approximately 4.4 times increase for each FTU in men (B = 4.442, p = 0.037); however, after the SMI was added, this effect was no longer significant. In women, the MAI increased by about 6.7 times with each FTU (B = 6.685, p = 0.004). FTUs had a significant effect on the MAI only in women with low muscle mass. While there was no significant effect of the SMI on the MAI, its influence should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Eun Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gachon University College of Health Science, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Janet Wallace
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Woosung Sohn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Kim HJ, Lee JY, Lee ES, Jung HJ, Ahn HJ, Jung HI, Kim BI. Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1023-1031. [PMID: 32476089 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may extend a healthy life expectancy. AIMS To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral exercise (SOE) and chewing gum exercise on mastication, salivation, and swallowing function in adults aged ≥ 65 years. METHODS Ninety-six participants were assigned to control, SOE, and GOE (chewing gum exercise with SOE) groups. The SOE comprised exercises to improve mastication, salivation, and swallowing function. Control group participants performed no exercises. The intervention period was 8 weeks, followed by a 3-week maintenance period. The Mixing Ability Index (MAI), occlusal force, unstimulated saliva, and repetitive saliva swallowing test were evaluated at baseline and 2, 5, 8, and 11 weeks later. Self-reported discomfort was re-evaluated after 8 weeks. RESULTS After 8 weeks, mean MAI differences from baseline significantly increased in both groups; the increase in the GOE group was largest and four times higher than in the control group. Mean differences of occlusal force from baseline increased by 56 N (SOE group) and 60 N (GOE group). The increase of salivation was greater in the SOE (3.6-fold) and GOE (2.2-fold) groups than in the control group. Furthermore, 27% and 18% of SOE and GOE group participants, respectively, were re-categorized as having good swallowing function. Participants reported less discomfort as oral functions improved. DISCUSSION These findings may facilitate the development of clinical practice guidelines for optimal oral care in older adults. CONCLUSION While both SOE and GOE may improve oral function in older adults, GOE is recommended for those with impaired mastication. TRIAL REGISTRATION KCT0003305, retrospectively registered 31/10/2018.
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Matsubara C, Shirobe M, Furuya J, Watanabe Y, Motokawa K, Edahiro A, Ohara Y, Awata S, Kim H, Fujiwara Y, Obuchi S, Hirano H, Minakuchi S. Effect of oral health intervention on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 92:104267. [PMID: 33035763 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of dementia is rapidly increasing worldwide, especially in developed countries. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of dental intervention to prevent dementia or a decline in cognitive functions among community-dwelling older adults, but a few studies have reported a correlation between the lack of regular dental checkups and dementia. For that reason, this study aimed to investigate the effects of oral health intervention on cognitive functions in community-dwelling subjects with a mild cognitive decline via a randomized controlled trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-five community-dwelling older adults with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of ≥21 to ≤26 who had not visited a dental clinic in the previous year were randomized to an intervention group (n = 28) or a control group (n = 29). The intervention group received monthly oral health intervention by dental hygienists for 8 months while the control group did not. Data on demographics, cognitive function and oral parameters were collected before and after the intervention. RESULTS Twenty-five subjects in the intervention group (mean age 77.0 years) and 25 in the control group (mean age 72.8 years) completed the study. Significant improvements were observed in the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A, TMT-B, bleeding on probing rate, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure and chewing ability in the intervention group (P < 0.05). There were also significant interactions between the TMT-A and TMT-B scores, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure and chewing ability (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Oral health intervention by dental hygienists may be effective for improving the oral health and executive function of cognitive function assessed via TMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Matsubara
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Maki Shirobe
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Junichi Furuya
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7, Kita-13, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Keiko Motokawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Ayako Edahiro
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ohara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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Abe T, Viana RB, Wong V, Bell ZW, Spitz RW, Yamada Y, Thiebaud RS, Loenneke JP. The influence of training variables on lingual strength and swallowing in adults with and without dysphagia. JCSM CLINICAL REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/crt2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Ricardo B. Viana
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance Federal University of Goiás Goiânia Brazil
| | - Vickie Wong
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Zachary W. Bell
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Robert W. Spitz
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Yujiro Yamada
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Robert S. Thiebaud
- Department of Human Performance and Recreation Brigham Young University—Idaho Rexburg 83460 ID USA
| | - Jeremy P. Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
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Effects of Chewing Training on Orofacial and Cognitive Function in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is some evidence showing significant correlations between acute chewing gum and orofacial function, and between acute chewing gum and cognitive function; however, as far as we are aware, little is known about the chronic effects of chewing gum training on cognitive and orofacial functions in healthy adults. Objectives: To evaluate the chronic effects of chewing gum training on orofacial and cognitive functions in healthy adults. Method: Searches of the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, BVS, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar were conducted from inception to 14 January 2020. The inclusion criteria used were: clinical trial or randomized controlled trial lasting a minimum of four weeks, chewing gum intervention in at least one arm of the study, presence of a non-exercise control group, study population consisting of healthy adults, study outcomes consisting of orofacial function and/or cognitive function. Results: Starting from 5973 sources, a total of six articles met the inclusion criteria, and they were subjected to a systematic review. The main findings were that chewing gum training improved some variables related to orofacial function. No clear effect of chewing gum training on cognitive function was found. Conclusions: Chronic chewing gum training has an unclear positive effect on specific variables related to orofacial and cognitive function in healthy adults.
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