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Steier L, Albino Souza M, Poli de Figueiredo JA. NaOCl alternative options. Br Dent J 2024; 236:859. [PMID: 38877233 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L Steier
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - M Albino Souza
- University of Passo Fundo, Dental School, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - J A Poli de Figueiredo
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Morphological Sciences, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Souza MA, Steier L, Vanin GN, Zanella ML, Pizzi CM, Ferreira ER, Dallepiane FG, Piccolo NM, da Silva Koch J, Souza KR, Costa UMD, Dos Santos VV, Palatynska-Ulatowska A, de Figueiredo JAP. Antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity and erosive potential of hypochlorous acid obtained from an electrolytic device compared with sodium hypochlorite. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:282. [PMID: 38683234 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity, cleaning ability, and erosion of dentine of hypochlorous acid (HClO) obtained from an electrolytic device at two different concentrations (Dentaqua) and three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). METHODS Microbiological test-The root canals of sixty single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 6 groups (n = 10), according to decontamination protocol: DW (control); 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl; 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO. The colony-forming units were counted to evaluate the decontamination potential of each group, calculating the reduction in bacterial percentage. Cytotoxicity test-Cytotoxicity was evaluated after inoculation of the same tested protocols in fibroblastic cells for 3 min, calculating the cell viability percentages. Specifical statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%). Cleaning ability and erosion-Fifty-six single-rooted bovine lower incisors were divided into seven groups of 8 roots each, being the test groups 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5,25% NaOCl; 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO, and a negative and positive control. Negative control was not contaminated, and the other groups were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. SEM images were ranked as from the cleanest to the least clean. Erosion was also assessed, being ranked from the least to the most eroded dentine. RESULTS The highest bacterial reduction was observed in experimental groups, with no statistical differences between them (p > 0.05). The highest number of viable cells was observed in control group, followed by 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO groups, with statistical differences between them (p < 0.05). 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl and 500 ppm HClO displayed the cleanest areas. All sodium hypochlorite groups displayed erosion with higher ranks with greater concentration, while hypochlorous acid did not display any erosion regardless the concentration. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to conclude that HClO obtained from an electrolytic device presented high antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity in both tested concentrations. 500 ppm HClO did not display erosion and showed great cleaning ability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of 500 ppm hypochlorous acid may reduce unfavorable behavior of sodium hypochlorite whilst maintaining its antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Albino Souza
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo - UPF. BR 285/São José, Prédio A7, Apto 2, Passo Fundo, RS, CEP: 9052-900, Brazil
| | - Liviu Steier
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania - UPENN, 240 South 40Th Street (40Th & Locust St.), Philadelphia, PA, ZIP19104, USA
| | - Gabriele Nichetti Vanin
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo - UPF. BR 285/São José, Prédio A7, Apto 2, Passo Fundo, RS, CEP: 9052-900, Brazil
| | - Mylena Lazareti Zanella
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo - UPF. BR 285/São José, Prédio A7, Apto 2, Passo Fundo, RS, CEP: 9052-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Monteiro Pizzi
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo - UPF. BR 285/São José, Prédio A7, Apto 2, Passo Fundo, RS, CEP: 9052-900, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Rizzon Ferreira
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo - UPF. BR 285/São José, Prédio A7, Apto 2, Passo Fundo, RS, CEP: 9052-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gomes Dallepiane
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo - UPF. BR 285/São José, Prédio A7, Apto 2, Passo Fundo, RS, CEP: 9052-900, Brazil
| | - Nathan Mateus Piccolo
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo - UPF. BR 285/São José, Prédio A7, Apto 2, Passo Fundo, RS, CEP: 9052-900, Brazil
| | - Jordana da Silva Koch
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Oral Biology Lab, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Sarmento Leite 500 Sala 134, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP90050-170, Brazil
| | - Kellyn Rocca Souza
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Oral Biology Lab, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Sarmento Leite 500 Sala 134, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Maciel da Costa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Santa Catarina - UDESC, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, SC, CEP: 88.520-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Valgas Dos Santos
- School of Medicine, University of Planalto Catarinense - UNIPLAC, Av. Mal. Castelo Branco 170, Lages, SC, CEP 88526-075, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Palatynska-Ulatowska
- Department of Endodontics, Medical Faculty, Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Lödz, 251 Pomorska Street, Lödz, 92-213, Poland
| | - José Antônio Poli de Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Oral Biology Lab, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Sarmento Leite 500 Sala 134, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP90050-170, Brazil.
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Dang X, Yu Z, Wang X, Li N. Eco-Friendly Cellulose-Based Nonionic Antimicrobial Polymers with Excellent Biocompatibility, Nonleachability, and Polymer Miscibility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50344-50359. [PMID: 37862609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to prepare natural biomass-based nonionic antimicrobial polymers with excellent biocompatibility, nonleachability, antimicrobial activity, and polymer miscibility. Two new cellulose-based nonionic antimicrobial polymers (MIPA and MICA) containing many terminal indole groups were synthesized using a sustainable one-pot method. The structures and properties of the nonionic antimicrobial polymers were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel chromatography (GPC), and other analytical techniques. The results showed that microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) molecules combined with indole derivatives through an esterification reaction to produce MICA and MIPA. The crystallinity of the prepared MICA and MIPA molecules decreased after MCC modification; their morphological structure changed from short fibrous to granular and showed better thermal stability and solubility. The paper diffusion method showed that both nonionic polymers had good bactericidal effects against the two common pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli, inhibition zone diameters >22 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, inhibition zone diameters >38 mm). Moreover, MICA and MIPA showed good miscibility with biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and the miscible cellulose-based composite films (PVA-MICA and PVA-MIPA) showed good phase compatibility, light transmission, thermal stability (maximum thermal decomposition temperature >300 °C), biocompatibility, biological cell activity (no cytotoxicity), nonleachability, antimicrobial activity, and mechanical properties (maximum fracture elongation at >390%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xugang Dang
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production and High Value Utilization of Bio-Based Textile Materials, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfu Yu
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute for Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
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