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Liu F, Zhao Y, Pei Y, Lian F, Lin H. Role of the NF-kB signalling pathway in heterotopic ossification: biological and therapeutic significance. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:159. [PMID: 38439078 PMCID: PMC10910758 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological process in which ectopic bone develops in soft tissues within the skeletal system. Endochondral ossification can be divided into the following types of acquired and inherited ossification: traumatic HO (tHO) and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling is essential during HO. NF-κB signalling can drive initial inflammation through interactions with the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In the chondrogenesis stage, NF-κB signalling can promote chondrogenesis through interactions with mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) and other molecules, including R-spondin 2 (Rspo2) and SRY-box 9 (Sox9). NF-κB expression can modulate osteoblast differentiation by upregulating secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and interacting with mTOR signalling, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling or integrin-mediated signalling under stretch stimulation in the final osteogenic stage. In FOP, mutated ACVR1-induced NF-κB signalling exacerbates inflammation in macrophages and can promote chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through interactions with smad signalling and mTOR signalling. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of NF-κB signalling during HO and highlights potential therapeutics for treating HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Yike Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Yiran Pei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Fengyu Lian
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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Markes AR, Venishetty N, Gatto A, Swarup I. Pediatric Heterotopic Ossification: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2023; 16:514-520. [PMID: 37589874 PMCID: PMC10587037 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-023-09862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of heterotopic ossification (HO) in pediatric patients, including an in-depth examination of the risk factors associated with this condition, current prophylactic measures, and available management strategies. RECENT FINDINGS HO is a medical disorder in which bone tissue inexplicably develops in soft tissues such as muscles and tendons. It involves the formation of mature, lamellar bone in extra-skeletal soft tissue, and its formation is influenced by oxygen tension, pH, the availability of micronutrients, and mechanical stimulation. HO has many cellular origins, with the most common theory being multipotent cells in local tissue. The diagnosis of HO is typically made based on exam, radiographs, and CT. Management includes both prophylactic nonsurgical options and surgical resection for severe or recalcitrant cases. The review highlights the incidence, risk factors, and management strategies associated with HO in pediatric patients. HO is a rare condition in children, with severe neurologic injury being the most common cause. Pediatric patients most commonly develop HO following severe neurologic injury, followed by trauma and surgery. Current prophylactic measures, include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and radiation therapy though limited literature on their use in the pediatric population exists. For recalcitrant symptomatic cases, wide surgical resection can be considered but has a higher risk profile and associated morbidity. This review highlights the need for further pediatric specific research to inform guidelines and management strategies for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Markes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, 1500 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Nikit Venishetty
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX USA
| | | | - Ishaan Swarup
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, 1500 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA USA
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Yang W, Zuo Y, Zhang N, Wang K, Zhang R, Chen Z, He Q. GNAS locus: bone related diseases and mouse models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1255864. [PMID: 37920253 PMCID: PMC10619756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1255864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GNASis a complex locus characterized by multiple transcripts and an imprinting effect. It orchestrates a variety of physiological processes via numerous signaling pathways. Human diseases associated with the GNAS gene encompass fibrous dysplasia (FD), Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy (AHO), parathyroid hormone(PTH) resistance, and Progressive Osseous Heteroplasia (POH), among others. To facilitate the study of the GNAS locus and its associated diseases, researchers have developed a range of mouse models. In this review, we will systematically explore the GNAS locus, its related signaling pathways, the bone diseases associated with it, and the mouse models pertinent to these bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyi Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangning Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Runze Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Bohner M, Maazouz Y, Ginebra MP, Habibovic P, Schoenecker JG, Seeherman H, van den Beucken JJ, Witte F. Sustained local ionic homeostatic imbalance caused by calcification modulates inflammation to trigger heterotopic ossification. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:1-24. [PMID: 35398267 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a condition triggered by an injury leading to the formation of mature lamellar bone in extraskeletal soft tissues. Despite being a frequent complication of orthopedic and trauma surgery, brain and spinal injury, the etiology of HO is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that a sustained local ionic homeostatic imbalance (SLIHI) created by mineral formation during tissue calcification modulates inflammation to trigger HO. This evaluation also considers the role SLIHI could play for the design of cell-free, drug-free osteoinductive bone graft substitutes. The evaluation contains five main sections. The first section defines relevant concepts in the context of HO and provides a summary of proposed causes of HO. The second section starts with a detailed analysis of the occurrence and involvement of calcification in HO. It is followed by an explanation of the causes of calcification and its consequences. This allows to speculate on the potential chemical modulators of inflammation and triggers of HO. The end of this second section is devoted to in vitro mineralization tests used to predict the ectopic potential of materials. The third section reviews the biological cascade of events occurring during pathological and material-induced HO, and attempts to propose a quantitative timeline of HO formation. The fourth section looks at potential ways to control HO formation, either acting on SLIHI or on inflammation. Chemical, physical, and drug-based approaches are considered. Finally, the evaluation finishes with a critical assessment of the definition of osteoinduction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The ability to regenerate bone in a spatially controlled and reproducible manner is an essential prerequisite for the treatment of large bone defects. As such, understanding the mechanism leading to heterotopic ossification (HO), a condition triggered by an injury leading to the formation of mature lamellar bone in extraskeletal soft tissues, would be very useful. Unfortunately, the mechanism(s) behind HO is(are) poorly understood. The present study reviews the literature on HO and based on it, proposes that HO can be caused by a combination of inflammation and calcification. This mechanism helps to better understand current strategies to prevent and treat HO. It also shows new opportunities to improve the treatment of bone defects in orthopedic and dental procedures.
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Ustriyana P, Hennefarth MR, Srirangapatanam S, Jung H, Wang Y, Chen L, Lue TF, Lin G, Kang M, Stoller ML, Ho SP. Mineralized Peyronie's plaque has a phenotypic resemblance to bone. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:457-466. [PMID: 34818578 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized Peyronie's plaque (MPP) impairs penile function. The association, colocalization, and dynamic interplay between organic and inorganic constituents can provide insights into biomineralization of Peyronie's plaque. Human MPPs (n = 11) were surgically excised, and the organic and inorganic constituents were spatially mapped using multiple high-resolution imaging techniques. Multiscale image analyses resulted in spatial colocalization of elements within a highly porous material with heterogenous composition, lamellae, and osteocytic lacuna-like features with a morphological resemblance to bone. The lower (520 ± 179 mg/cc) and higher (1024 ± 155 mg/cc) mineral density regions were associated with higher (11%) and lower (7%) porosities in MPP. Energy dispersive X-ray and micro-X-ray fluorescent spectroscopic maps in the higher mineral density regions of MPP revealed higher counts of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), and a Ca/P ratio of 1.48 ± 0.06 similar to bone. More importantly, higher counts of zinc (Zn) were localized at the interface between softer (more organic to inorganic ratio) and harder (less organic to inorganic ratio) tissue regions of MPP and adjacent softer matrix, indicating the involvement of Zn-related proteins and/or pathways in the formation of MPP. In particular, dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) was colocalized in a matrix rich in proteoglycans and collagen that contained osteocytic lacuna-like features. This combined materials science and biochemical with correlative microspectroscopic approach provided insights into the plausible cellular and biochemical pathways that incite mineralization of an existing fibrous Peyronie's plaque. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Aberrant human penile mineralization is known as mineralized Peyronie's plaque (MPP) and often results in a loss of form and function. This study focuses on investigating the spatial association of matrix proteins and elemental composition of MPP by colocalizing calcium, phosphorus, and trace metal zinc with dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), acidic proteoglycans, and fibrillar collagen along with the cellular components using high resolution correlative microspectroscopy techniques. Spatial maps provided insights into cellular and biochemical pathways that incite mineralization of fibrous Peyronie's plaque in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Ustriyana
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Matthew R Hennefarth
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sudarshan Srirangapatanam
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Haeyoon Jung
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tom F Lue
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Guiting Lin
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Misun Kang
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marshall L Stoller
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Sunita P Ho
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States.
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Haffer H, Müller M, Ascherl R, Perka C, Winkler T. Diclofenac for prophylaxis of heterotopic ossification after hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Hip Int 2022; 32:144-151. [PMID: 33272062 DOI: 10.1177/1120700020978194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification (HO) is defined as the formation of lamellar bone in extraskeletal soft tissues. HO can be a severe complication after hip arthroplasty but can possibly be prevented by postoperative treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or radiotherapy. Diclofenac is 1 of the most used drugs in HO prophylaxis because it is effective and long established. However, there is still no uniform therapy regimen in terms of duration, dose and side effect profile regarding the application of diclofenac in HO prevention. We have, therefore, conducted the first systematic review investigating diclofenac for HO prophylaxis after hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy, dose and duration of diclofenac therapy in preventing HO after total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS According to the PRISMA Guidelines we performed a systematic literature search in EMBASE via Ovid, in MEDLINE via PubMed and in the Cochrane Library addressing all studies in English and German regarding the prophylaxis of HO with diclofenac after THA. We identified 731 potential studies and included 6 randomised controlled trials with 957 patients. RESULTS The studies were heterogeneous with regard to duration of therapy, dose, comparative group and follow-up period. The therapy duration ranged from 9 to 42 days, the applied diclofenac doses ranged from 75 mg to 150 mg daily. Patients treated with diclofenac showed a significant reduction in the total incidence of HO regarding to the Brooker Classification compared to placebo and no clinically relevant ossifications occured (Brooker III and IV). CONCLUSIONS Diclofenac is efficacious in the prevention of HO and can be used routinely after THA. The existing data indicates that a minimum dose of 75 mg diclofenac per day started on the first postoperative day for a minimum of 9 days is needed to prevent HO with an acceptable incidence of side effects, such as gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Haffer
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Ascherl
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Winkler
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Iida K, Hashimoto Y, Okazaki S, Nishida Y, Nakamura H. Surgical excision of heterotopic ossification associated with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 89:106643. [PMID: 34864268 PMCID: PMC8646994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Heterotopic ossification (HO) associated with Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is rare and the treatment strategy is unclear. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 31-year-old female diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis from Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, JAPAN that developed heterotopic ossification of the knees during prolonged coma. She was unable to walk because of pain and limited range of motion in both knees. Thirty months after the onset of the coma, surgical excision of the heterotopic bone in both knees was performed. The range of motion of both the knees improved markedly and she had no recurrence of heterotopic ossification on a three-year follow-up. Thus, this case can be used as a guide for surgeons with such patients. CONCLUSIONS We reported a case of heterotopic bone formation in the periarticular region of both bilateral knees in a patient who suffered a 2-month coma following anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Surgical excision of the heterotopic bones significantly improved the passive range of motion in both knees. Three years after the operation, the patient had no complaints about her knees, and there was no recurrence of HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Iida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shiro Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Delgado Caceres M, Angerpointner K, Galler M, Lin D, Michel PA, Brochhausen C, Lu X, Varadarajan AR, Warfsmann J, Stange R, Alt V, Pfeifer CG, Docheva D. Tenomodulin knockout mice exhibit worse late healing outcomes with augmented trauma-induced heterotopic ossification of Achilles tendon. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1049. [PMID: 34741033 PMCID: PMC8571417 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) represents a common problem after tendon injury with no effective treatment yet being developed. Tenomodulin (Tnmd), the best-known mature marker for tendon lineage cells, has important effects in tendon tissue aging and function. We have reported that loss of Tnmd leads to inferior early tendon repair characterized by fibrovascular scaring and therefore hypothesized that its lack will persistently cause deficient repair during later stages. Tnmd knockout (Tnmd-/-) and wild-type (WT) animals were subjected to complete Achilles tendon surgical transection followed by end-to-end suture. Lineage tracing revealed a reduction in tendon-lineage cells marked by ScleraxisGFP, but an increase in alpha smooth muscle actin myofibroblasts in Tnmd-/- tendon scars. At the proliferative stage, more pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and larger collagen II cartilaginous template were detected in this group. At the remodeling stage, histological scoring revealed lower repair quality in the injured Tnmd-/- tendons, which was coupled with higher HO quantified by micro-CT. Tendon biomechanical properties were compromised in both groups upon injury, however we identified an abnormal stiffening of non-injured Tnmd-/- tendons, which possessed higher static and dynamic E-moduli. Pathologically thicker and abnormally shaped collagen fibrils were observed by TEM in Tnmd-/- tendons and this, together with augmented HO, resulted in diminished running capacity of Tnmd-/- mice. These novel findings demonstrate that Tnmd plays a protecting role against trauma-induced endochondral HO and can inspire the generation of novel therapeutics to accelerate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado Caceres
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Angerpointner
- Hand, Elbow and Plastic Surgery Department, Schön Klinik München Harlaching, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Galler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Caritas Hospital St. Josef, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dasheng Lin
- Orthopaedic Center of People's Liberation Army, The Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Philipp A Michel
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Xin Lu
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adithi R Varadarajan
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens Warfsmann
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian G Pfeifer
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Herman ZJ, Edelman DG, Ilyas AM. Heterotopic Ossification After Elbow Fractures. Orthopedics 2021; 44:10-16. [PMID: 33238018 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20201119-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), a complication after surgical repair of elbow fractures, can result in pain, decreased range of motion, or complete ankylosis of the joint. This updated systematic review focused on compiling incidence and prevalence rates of HO after surgical repair of various types of elbow fractures. The overall incidence of HO after surgical repair was calculated to be 28.7%, a result comparable with rates in the literature. Further analysis suggested that the odds of having HO may be less after distal humerus fractures than after proximal radius fractures, terrible triad injuries, and elbow fractures/dislocations. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(1):10-16.].
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10
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Wong KR, Mychasiuk R, O'Brien TJ, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ, Brady RD. Neurological heterotopic ossification: novel mechanisms, prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic therapies. Bone Res 2020; 8:42. [PMID: 33298867 PMCID: PMC7725771 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a debilitating condition where bone forms in soft tissue, such as muscle surrounding the hip and knee, following an injury to the brain or spinal cord. This abnormal formation of bone can result in nerve impingement, pain, contractures and impaired movement. Patients are often diagnosed with NHO after the bone tissue has completely mineralised, leaving invasive surgical resection the only remaining treatment option. Surgical resection of NHO creates potential for added complications, particularly in patients with concomitant injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Although recent work has begun to shed light on the physiological mechanisms involved in NHO, there remains a significant knowledge gap related to the prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic treatments which are necessary to prevent NHO and optimise patient outcomes. This article reviews the current understanding pertaining to NHO epidemiology, pathobiology, biomarkers and treatment options. In particular, we focus on how concomitant CNS injury may drive ectopic bone formation and discuss considerations for treating polytrauma patients with NHO. We conclude that understanding of the pathogenesis of NHO is rapidly advancing, and as such, there is the strong potential for future research to unearth methods capable of identifying patients likely to develop NHO, and targeted treatments to prevent its manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Rui Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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11
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Qin MY, Atwood RE, Ketchum WA, Kaba SA, Bradley MJ. Characterization of serum levels of testosterone and corticosterone in a blast and amputation rat model of heterotopic ossification. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 509:110799. [PMID: 32209352 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endocrine dysregulation's role in heterotopic ossification (HO) remains unexplored. We sought to examine corticosterone and testosterone in established rat models of ectopic bone formation, and correlate to HO formation with CT analysis. METHODS Fifteen rats were placed into three groups of traumatic injury patterns: Blast and injury (120 kPa blast, femoral fracture and quadriceps crush), injury only, and blast only. Serum corticosterone and testosterone levels were drawn until post-operative day 40. HO was analyzed using CT. RESULTS Corticosterone levels peaked in the blast and injury group in the shortest time post injury, followed by injury only and blast only groups. Testosterone levels reached nadir in similar fashion. Volume of HO was highest in the blast and injury group, followed by the injury only group. CONCLUSION Corticosterone and testosterone's contribution to HO formation requires further characterization, but this study suggests that high peaks in corticosterone and a low nadir in testosterone are associated with higher volumes of HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Y Qin
- Naval Medical Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rex E Atwood
- Naval Medical Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Ketchum
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen A Kaba
- Naval Medical Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Matthew J Bradley
- Naval Medical Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Bioinformatics Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of Late-Stage Heterotopic Ossification. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5097823. [PMID: 32382555 PMCID: PMC7180431 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5097823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common disease happened in soft tissues after injury. The present study utilized the bioinformatics method to analyze the HO samples in a mouse burn/tenotomy-induced HO model to identify the possible key points and treatment targets. Methods The transcriptome profiles of GSE126118 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The study was based on a mouse burn/tenotomy-induced HO model, and 2 tenotomy samples and 3 uninjured contralateral hindlimb tendon samples were collected at 3 weeks after injury for further analysis. The transcripts per million approach was performed for background correction and normalization; then, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected using the limma R package with the settings p < 0.01 and ∣log2FC∣ > 2.0. The Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed with the detected DEGs. Results A total of 74 DEGs were upregulated, and 159 DEGs were downregulated between the tenotomy and uninjured tendon group. Pathway and process enrichment analyses demonstrated that the upregulated DEGs were mainly associated with terms related to ECM remodeling, ossification, angiogenesis, inflammation, etc., and the downregulated DEGs were mainly associated with oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic process, etc. Conclusion The results of GO, KEGG, and PPI network analyses suggested that the ECM remodeling, ossification, angiogenesis, and inflammation processes were markedly upregulated in the tenotomy site. And the oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic processes were markedly downregulated. These findings provide valuable clues for highlighting the characteristics of late-stage HO and investigating possible treatments.
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Heterotopic Ossification following Total Elbow Arthroplasty in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease: Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Surg 2020; 2020:2068045. [PMID: 32231845 PMCID: PMC7085846 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2068045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Heterotopic ossification (HO) usually develops following surgery or trauma. Risk factors for HO following elbow fractures include delay to surgery (>7 days), floating fractures, and elbow subluxation. Systemic risk factors for HO include male sex; concurrent cranial, neurological, or abdominal injury; high-energy trauma; previous development of HO; and contralateral fracture. To date, no studies have reported on Parkinson's disease (PD) as a risk factor for the development of HO. Case Presentation. A 68-year-old female with PD (treated with levodopa-carbidopa) sustained a right closed (OTA type A3) distal humerus fracture and was treated with a total elbow arthroplasty. Postoperatively, development of significant near-ankylosing HO was observed and contributed to significant restriction of elbow motion with activities of daily living. After HO maturation, the osseous growth was excised, and the area irradiated. The patient regained excellent elbow motion with no recurrence of HO. Discussion. A literature review revealed six cases of HO development in PD patients following arthroplasty. Patients with PD have higher serum concentrations of interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α. These factors stimulate BMP-2 production which may promote osteogenesis. Levodopa-carbidopa may also influence HO through stimulation of growth hormone and IGF-1. Conclusion. Parkinsonism may promote heterotopic bone growth through the release of osteoinductive factors. HO development may also be mediated by levodopa-carbidopa therapy. Future research should highlight the link between HO and PD and identify if prophylaxis is warranted in PD patients undergoing arthroplasty.
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14
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Heterotopic ossification: radiological and pathological review. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53:275-284. [PMID: 31553710 PMCID: PMC6765162 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is a common condition referring to ectopic bone formation in soft tissues. It has two major etiologies, acquired (more common) and genetic. The acquired form is closely related to tissue trauma. The exact pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear; however, there is ongoing research in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments that is promising. Conclusions Due to HO potential to cause disability, it is so important to differentiate it from other causes in order to establish the best possible management.
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly orchestrated process and involves the activation of many cellular and molecular pathways. Although satellite cells (SCs) are the major cell type responsible for muscle regeneration, pericytes show remarkable myogenic potential and various advantages as cell therapy in muscular disorders. This chapter first introduces the structure, marker expression, origin, and category of pericytes. Next, we discuss their functions in muscular dystrophy and/or muscle injuries, focusing on their myogenic, adipogenic, fibrogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic activities. Understanding this knowledge will promote the development of innovative cell therapies for muscle disorders, including muscular dystrophy.
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16
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Sha II, Edwin A, Roy S. A rare case report of osteomyelitis of myositis ossificans traumatica mass in leg. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS AND SPINE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/joas.joas_20_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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17
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Lees-Shepard JB, Nicholas SAE, Stoessel SJ, Devarakonda PM, Schneider MJ, Yamamoto M, Goldhamer DJ. Palovarotene reduces heterotopic ossification in juvenile FOP mice but exhibits pronounced skeletal toxicity. eLife 2018; 7:40814. [PMID: 30226468 PMCID: PMC6143342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by debilitating heterotopic ossification (HO). The retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist, palovarotene, and antibody-mediated activin A blockade have entered human clinical trials, but how these therapeutic modalities affect the behavior of pathogenic fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) is unclear. Using live-animal luminescence imaging, we show that transplanted pathogenic FAPs undergo rapid initial expansion, with peak number strongly correlating with HO severity. Palovarotene significantly reduced expansion of pathogenic FAPs, but was less effective than activin A inhibition, which restored wild-type population growth dynamics to FAPs. Palovarotene pretreatment did not reduce FAPs’ skeletogenic potential, indicating that efficacy requires chronic administration. Although palovarotene inhibited chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and reduced HO in juvenile FOP mice, daily dosing resulted in aggressive synovial joint overgrowth and long bone growth plate ablation. These results highlight the challenge of inhibiting pathological bone formation prior to skeletal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Lees-Shepard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Sarah-Anne E Nicholas
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Sean J Stoessel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Parvathi M Devarakonda
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Michael J Schneider
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - David J Goldhamer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
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18
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Heterotopic Ossification of the Peroneus Longus Tendon in the Retromalleolar Portion with the Peroneus Quartus Muscle: A Case Report. Case Rep Orthop 2018; 2018:7978369. [PMID: 30151291 PMCID: PMC6087602 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7978369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is an ectopic formation of the lamellar bone in the soft tissues. Some authors have previously reported HO or calcific tendinitis of the peroneus longus tendon at the level of the cuboid bone, while the HO of the peroneus longus tendon in the retromalleolar portion has not been reported. The purpose of this report is to describe clinical, radiological, and histological features of this rare ossification and its treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report presenting a case of HO of the peroneus longus tendon, which developed in the retromalleolar portion.
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19
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Wang X, Li F, Xie L, Crane J, Zhen G, Mishina Y, Deng R, Gao B, Chen H, Liu S, Yang P, Gao M, Tu M, Wang Y, Wan M, Fan C, Cao X. Inhibition of overactive TGF-β attenuates progression of heterotopic ossification in mice. Nat Commun 2018; 9:551. [PMID: 29416028 PMCID: PMC5803194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired heterotopic ossification (HO) is a painful and debilitating disease characterized by extraskeletal bone formation after injury. The exact pathogenesis of HO remains unknown. Here we show that TGF-β initiates and promotes HO in mice. We find that calcified cartilage and newly formed bone resorb osteoclasts after onset of HO, which leads to high levels of active TGF-β that recruit mesenchymal stromal/progenitor cells (MSPCs) in the HO microenvironment. Transgenic expression of active TGF-β in tendon induces spontaneous HO, whereas systemic injection of a TGF-β neutralizing antibody attenuates ectopic bone formation in traumatic and BMP-induced mouse HO models, and in a fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive mouse model. Moreover, inducible knockout of the TGF-β type II receptor in MSPCs inhibits HO progression in HO mouse models. Our study points toward elevated levels of active TGF-β as inducers and promoters of ectopic bone formation, and suggest that TGF-β might be a therapeutic target in HO.
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MESH Headings
- Achilles Tendon/drug effects
- Achilles Tendon/injuries
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Becaplermin/metabolism
- Bone Remodeling
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic
- Cartilage
- Case-Control Studies
- Disease Models, Animal
- Elbow Joint/surgery
- Female
- Fracture Fixation, Internal
- Fractures, Bone
- Humans
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myositis Ossificans/metabolism
- Ossification, Heterotopic/metabolism
- Osteoclasts
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II/genetics
- Spinal Cord Injuries
- Tendon Injuries
- Tendons
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Young Adult
- Elbow Injuries
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Janet Crane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ruoxian Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Manman Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Manli Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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20
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Dubansky BH, Dubansky BD. Natural development of dermal ectopic bone in the american alligator (Alligator mississippiensis
) resembles heterotopic ossification disorders in humans. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 301:56-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke H. Dubansky
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Public Health; Tarleton State University; 1501 Enderly Place, Fort Worth Texas
| | - Benjamin D. Dubansky
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas, 1511 W. Sycamore St; Denton Texas
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21
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Winkler S, Springorum HR, Vaitl T, Handel M, Barta S, Kehl V, Craiovan B, Grifka J. Comparative clinical study of the prophylaxis of heterotopic ossifications after total hip arthroplasty using etoricoxib or diclofenac. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2016; 40:673-80. [PMID: 26728611 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-015-3077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated whether etoricoxib (COX-II blocker) has a superior efficacy of preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) compared to diclofenac (non-selective NSAID). METHODS One hundred patients were included (50 in each group) in this single centre, prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Etoricoxib (90 mg) was administered once and diclofenac (75 mg) twice per day for a perioperative period of nine days. The incidence of HO was evaluated on radiographs of the pelvis six months after surgery. RESULTS Eighty nine of 100 (89 %) patients could be analysed. The overall HO incidence was 37.8 %. There was no significant difference between both study groups. Twelve patients (27.3 %) of the DIC group and 13 patients (28.9 %) of the ETO group showed Brooker grade I ossifications. Five patients (11.4 %) of the DIC and four patients of the ETO (8.9 %) group showed grade II HO formations. No class III or IV HO formations occured in both groups. Ad hoc analysis detected a negative correlation between HO incidence and limited abduction and internal rotation of the hip. CONCLUSIONS Etoricoxib and diclofenac are equally effective for oral HO prophylaxis after primary cementless THA when given for nine peri-operative days to ensure a full recovery and high patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Winkler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany.
| | - Hans-Robert Springorum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Tobias Vaitl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Martin Handel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Sabine Barta
- Münchner Studienzentrum, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Victoria Kehl
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Craiovan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Centre, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
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22
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Winkler S, Niedermair T, Füchtmeier B, Grifka J, Grässel S, Anders S, Heers G, Wagner F. The impact of hypoxia on mesenchymal progenitor cells of human skeletal tissue in the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2015; 39:2495-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-015-2995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Zhang X, Jie S, Liu T, Zhang X. Acquired heterotopic ossification in hips and knees following encephalitis: case report and literature review. BMC Surg 2014; 14:74. [PMID: 25280472 PMCID: PMC4189048 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-14-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a rare and potentially detrimental complication of soft-tissue trauma, amputations, central nervous system injury (traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord lesions, tumors, encephalitis), vasculopathies, arthroplasties and burn injury, characterized by lamellar bone growth in non-osseous tissues such as the muscle and the joint capsule. Heterotopic ossification associated with encephalitis is rare and the occurrence of excessive, symptomatic heterotopic ossification around bilateral hips and bilateral knees is rarely described in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION We present a 47-year-old man with heterotopic ossification in the bilateral hips and bilateral knees that prevented him from walking after being attacked by encephalitis as the case study. He developed severe pain and significantly impaired range of motion of bilateral hips and bilateral knees. Research so far revealed that the management of heterotopic ossification is controversial. After requiring revision surgery resection of heterotopic ossification, reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament and adjunctive pharmacotherapy of 200 mg Celecoxib for 8 weeks after operation, he regained mobility of his joints. On review of X-ray, there was no recurrence of HO and no loosening of rivets which were used in the reconstruction of medial collateral ligament. CONCLUSION Heterotopic ossification in the bilateral hip joints and bilateral knee joints associated with encephalitis have never been reported previously. Daily functions of heterotopic ossification patients can be hampered by pain, inflammation, reduced mobility, the loss of normal posture and other complications. Further studies of presumptive root causes, the early diagnosis, preventability and optimal therapeutic measures for heterotopic ossification following encephalitis are required. Different patient should be managed with different appropriated protocol based on the risk of individual patient and the institutional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P,R, China.
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