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Pence M, Rodríguez O, Lukhanin NG, Schroeder CM, Rodríguez-López J. Automated Measurement of Electrogenerated Redox Species Degradation Using Multiplexed Interdigitated Electrode Arrays. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:62-72. [PMID: 36817007 PMCID: PMC9936799 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the decomposition of electrogenerated species in solution is essential for applications involving electrosynthesis, homogeneous electrocatalysis, and energy storage with redox flow batteries. In this work, we present an automated, multiplexed, and highly robust platform for determining the rate constant of chemical reaction steps following electron transfer, known as the EC mechanism. We developed a generation-collection methodology based on microfabricated interdigitated electrode arrays (IDAs) with variable gap widths on a single device. Using a combination of finite-element simulations and statistical analysis of experimental data, our results show that the natural logarithm of collection efficiency is linear with respect to gap width, and this quantitative analysis is used to determine the decomposition rate constant of the electrogenerated species (k c). The integrated IDA method is used in a series of experiments to measure k c values between ∼0.01 and 100 s-1 in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents and at concentrations as high as 0.5 M of the redox-active species, conditions that are challenging to address using standard methods based on conventional macroelectrodes. The versatility of our approach allows for characterization of a wide range of reactions including intermolecular cyclization, hydrolysis, and the decomposition of candidate molecules for redox flow batteries at variable concentration and water content. Overall, this new experimental platform presents a straightforward automated method to assess the degradation of redox species in solution with sufficient flexibility to enable high-throughput workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
A. Pence
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Oliver Rodríguez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Nikita G. Lukhanin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Charles M. Schroeder
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
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2
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Bertotti M, Silva F, Lima A, Santos C, Meloni G. Increased sensitivity of Ascorbate Detection by Mediated Oxidation in Confined Electrochemical Cells. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo BRAZIL
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3
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Kostiuchenko ZA, Lemay SG. Quasi-One-Dimensional Generator-Collector Electrochemistry in Nanochannels. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2847-2852. [PMID: 31934747 PMCID: PMC7003156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Mass transport in
fluidic channels under conditions of pressure-driven
flow is controlled by a combination of convection and diffusion. For
electrochemical measurements the height of a channel is typically
of the same order of magnitude as the electrode dimensions, resulting
in complex two- or three- dimensional concentration distributions.
Electrochemical nanofluidic devices, however, can have such a low
height-to-length ratio that they can effectively be considered as
one-dimensional. This greatly simplifies the modeling and quantitative
interpretation of analytical measurements. Here we study mass transport
in nanochannels using electrodes in a generator-collector configuration.
The flux of redox molecules is monitored amperometrically. We observe
the transition from diffusion-dominated to convection-dominated transport
by varying both the flow velocity and the distance between the electrodes.
These results are described quantitatively by the one-dimensional
Nernst–Planck equation for mass transport over the full range
of experimentally accessible parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida A Kostiuchenko
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Serge G Lemay
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
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4
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Hauke A, Ehrlich S, Levine L, Heikenfeld J. An Improved Design and Versatile New Lamination Fabrication Method for Twin Electrode Thin Layer Cells Utilizing Track‐etch Membranes. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hauke
- Novel Devices Laboratory School of Electronics and Computing Systems University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 USA
| | - Said Ehrlich
- ALine, Inc., Accelerated Microfluidic Development Rancho Dominguez, California 90220 USA
| | - Leanna Levine
- ALine, Inc., Accelerated Microfluidic Development Rancho Dominguez, California 90220 USA
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Novel Devices Laboratory School of Electronics and Computing Systems University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 USA
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5
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Dejmkova H, Morozova K, Scampicchio M. Estimation of Scoville index of hot chili peppers using flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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An electrochemical immunosensor based on a 3D carbon system consisting of a suspended mesh and substrate-bound interdigitated array nanoelectrodes for sensitive cardiac biomarker detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:10-16. [PMID: 29425858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We developed an electrochemical redox cycling-based immunosensor using a 3D carbon system consisting of a suspended mesh and substrate-bound interdigitated array (IDA) nanoelectrodes. The carbon structures were fabricated using a simple, cost-effective, and reproducible microfabrication technology known as carbon microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS). We demonstrated that the 3D sub-micrometer-sized mesh architecture and selective modification of the suspended mesh facilitated the efficient production of large quantities of electrochemical redox species. The electrochemically active surfaces and small size of IDA nanoelectrodes with a 1:1 aspect ratio exhibited high signal amplification resulting from efficient redox cycling of electrochemical species (PAP/PQI) by a factor of ~25. The proposed selective surface modification scheme facilitated efficient redox cycling and exhibited a linear detection range of 0.001-100 ng/mL for cardiac myoglobin (cMyo). The specific detection of cMyo was also achieved in the presence of other interfering species. Moreover, the proposed 3D carbon system-based immunosensor successfully detected as low as ~0.4 pg/mL cMyo in phosphate-buffered saline and human serum.
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7
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Honeychurch KC. Cheap and disposable gold and silver electrodes: Trends in the application of compact discs and digital versatile discs for electroanalytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Han D, Kim YR, Kang CM, Chung TD. Electrochemical signal amplification for immunosensor based on 3D interdigitated array electrodes. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5991-8. [PMID: 24842332 DOI: 10.1021/ac501120y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We devised an electrochemical redox cycling based on three-dimensional interdigitated array (3D IDA) electrodes for signal amplification to enhance the sensitivity of chip-based immunosensors. The 3D IDA consists of two closely spaced parallel indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes that are positioned not only on the bottom but also the ceiling, facing each other along a microfluidic channel. We investigated the signal intensities from various geometric configurations: Open-2D IDA, Closed-2D IDA, and 3D IDA through electrochemical experiments and finite-element simulations. The 3D IDA among the four different systems exhibited the greatest signal amplification resulting from efficient redox cycling of electroactive species confined in the microchannel so that the faradaic current was augmented by a factor of ∼100. We exploited the enhanced sensitivity of the 3D IDA to build up a chronocoulometric immunosensing platform based on the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol. The mouse IgGs on the 3D IDA showed much lower detection limits than on the Closed-2D IDA. The detection limit for mouse IgG measured using the 3D IDA was ∼10 fg/mL, while it was ∼100 fg/mL for the Closed-2D IDA. Moreover, the proposed immunosensor system with the 3D IDA successfully worked for clinical analysis as shown by the sensitive detection of cardiac troponin I in human serum down to 100 fg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Korea
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9
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Dual electrode micro-channel flow cell for redox titrations: Kinetics and analysis of homogeneous ascorbic acid oxidation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Mizuguchi H, Shibuya K, Fuse A, Hamada T, Iiyama M, Tachibana K, Nishina T, Shida J. A dual-electrode flow sensor fabricated using track-etched microporous membranes. Talanta 2012; 96:168-73. [PMID: 22817945 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new dual-electrode flow sensor has been fabricated by piling the microporous membrane electrodes which have 7-10μm thickness. The electrode was prepared by sputtering of platinum onto both sides of the membrane filter which contain a smooth flat surface as well as cylindrical pores with uniform diameters. The electrolysis is performed when the sample solution flows through the membrane electrode, and a generated analyte on the first working electrode is instantaneously transported to the surface of second working electrode which is located at the downstream of the first one. In this case, the sample solution surely flows through the pores of the membrane filters. As the result, highly efficient electrolysis was achieved at each electrode, and the collection efficiency values as high as 100% were obtained in the wide range of flow rate. Good responses to the injections of sample solutions were also confirmed in the FIA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Mizuguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan.
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A copper interdigitated electrode and chemometrical tools used for the discrimination of the adulteration of ethanol fuel with water. Talanta 2011; 87:210-5. [PMID: 22099669 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the discrimination of the adulteration process of ethanol fuel with water is reported using a copper interdigitated electrode and chemometrical tools. The sensor was constructed using copper sheets with non-chemical modification of the electrode surface. The discrimination process was performed using capacitance values recorded at different frequencies (1,000 Hz to 0.1 MHz) as the input data for non-supervised pattern recognition methods (PCA: principal component analysis and HCA: hierarchical cluster analysis). The relative standard deviation for the capacitance signals obtained from ten independent interdigitated sensors was below 5.0%. The ability of the device to differentiate non-adulterated ethanol samples from those adulterated with water was demonstrated. In all analysed cases, there was good separation between the different samples in the score plots and the dendrograms obtained from PCA and hierarchical cluster analyses, respectively. Furthermore, the water content was quantified using a PCA approach. The results were consistent with those obtained using the Karl-Fischer method at a 95% confidence level, as measured using Student's t-test.
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Coltro WKT, de Jesus DP, da Silva JAF, do Lago CL, Carrilho E. Toner and paper-based fabrication techniques for microfluidic applications. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2487-98. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Amatore C, Da Mota N, Lemmer C, Pebay C, Sella C, Thouin L. Theory and experiments of transport at channel microband electrodes under laminar flows. 2. Electrochemical regimes at double microband assemblies under steady state. Anal Chem 2009; 80:9483-90. [PMID: 19007242 DOI: 10.1021/ac801605v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of any particular analytical or preparative applications using electrochemical techniques in microfluidic devices requires integration of microelectrodes. This involves detailed predictions for optimizing the design of devices and selecting the best hydrodynamic conditions. For this purpose, we undertook a series of works aimed at a precise investigation of mass transport near electrodes with focus on analytical measurements. Part I of this series (Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 8502-8510) evaluated the common case of a single microband electrode embedded within a microchannel under laminar flow. The present work (Part 2) investigated the case of a pair of microband electrodes operating either in generator-generator or generator-collector modes. The influence of the confining effect and flow velocity on the amperometric responses was examined on the basis of numerical simulations under steady-state regime. Several situations were identified, each of them corresponding to specific interactions taking place between the electrodes. Related conditions were extracted to establish a zone diagram describing all the situations. These predictions were systematically validated by experimental measurements. The results show that amperometric detections within microchannels can be performed at dual electrodes with higher analytical performances than at single ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Amatore
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS-ENS-UPMC 8640 Pasteur, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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14
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Torres Pio dos Santos W, Nascimento de Almeida E, Alves Ferreira H, Gimenes D, Richter E. Simultaneous Flow Injection Analysis of Paracetamol and Ascorbic Acid with Multiple Pulse Amperometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Spilker B, Randhahn J, Grabow H, Beikirch H, Jeroschewski P. New electrochemical sensor for the detection of hydrogen sulfide and other redox active species. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Ferreira TL, Paixão TRLC, Richter EM, El Seoud OA, Bertotti M. Use of Microdevices To Determine the Diffusion Coefficient of Electrochemically Generated Species: Application to Binary Solvent Mixtures and Micellar Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:12478-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075878s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago L. Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-900, and Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago R. L. C. Paixão
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-900, and Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Richter
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-900, and Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Omar A. El Seoud
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-900, and Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Bertotti
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-900, and Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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