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Wong HQ, Lin TH, Liao JM, Kholimatussadiah S, Baskoro F, Tsai HHG, Yen HJ. Electroactive Carbazole-Based Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Computational Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29379-29390. [PMID: 39005832 PMCID: PMC11238223 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we explored the oxidative coupling reactions of carbazole-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using traditional Scholl reactions and electrochemical oxidation. Our findings indicate that the oxidation predominantly occurs at the carbazole functional group. The underlying reaction mechanisms were also clarified through theoretical investigations, highlighting that the primary oxidation pathway involves the 3,6-positions of the carbazole moiety, which is attributable to its high electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi Wong
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Sustainable
Chemical Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate
Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica and National
Taiwan University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Lin
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ming Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Septia Kholimatussadiah
- Nano Science
and Technology Program, TIGP, Academia Sinica
and National Taiwan University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Febri Baskoro
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsu Gavin Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- Research
Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Yen
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Nayana V, Kandasubramanian B. Polycarbazole and its derivatives: progress, synthesis, and applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Chylewska A, Dąbrowska AM, Ramotowska S, Maciejewska N, Olszewski M, Bagiński M, Makowski M. Photosensitive and pH-dependent activity of pyrazine-functionalized carbazole derivative as promising antifungal and imaging agent. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11767. [PMID: 32678219 PMCID: PMC7367338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbazole skeleton plays a significant role as a structural scaffold of many pharmacologically active compounds. Pyrazine-functionalized carbazole derivative was constructed by coupling 2-amino-5-bromo-3-methylaminepyrazine (ABMAP) into 3 and 6 positions of the carbazole ring. Multi-experimental methods were used, e.g., potentiometric, spectroscopic (ATR, UV, XRD powder,1H and13C NMR), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry), and optical techniques, to receive the complete structural analysis, physicochemical (pKa, logP) and biological profile of a new carbazole derivative with acronym 3,6-PIRAMICAR. The interaction ability of the compound studied with potential cellular targets like Calf Thymus DNA (CT-DNA), or Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were also taken into account. Experiments showed the existence of strong binding, but no DNA or BSA cleavage was observed. The comparative analyzes of compounds anti-Candida action clearly show pH-dependent antifungal activity of 3,6-PIRAMICAR, which was strongly stimulated in the acidic media. Surprisingly, the titled compound turn out to be much more effective (14 times by MIC50; 8 times by MIC; c.a. 4 times by MFC) against Candida krusei than fluconazole at pH 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chylewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Sandra Ramotowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Maciejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Bagiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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5
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Kirankumar R, Tsuda T, Chen CY, Lu CY, Kuwabata S, Chen PY. Multifunctional electropolymerizable carbazole-based ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electropolymerizable carbazole-functionalized ionic liquids with adjustable properties (via changing counter anions) show interesting electrochemical, electrochromic, and solvatochromic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendranath Kirankumar
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Chih-Yao Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry
- College of Medicine
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
| | - Susumu Kuwabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Osaka 565-0871
- Japan
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
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7
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Kubiak PS, Awhida S, Hotchen C, Deng W, Alston B, McDonald TO, Adams DJ, Cameron PJ. Polymerization of low molecular weight hydrogelators to form electrochromic polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10427-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We show that is possible to directly electropolymerize pre-assembled carbazole-based hydrogels to give electrochromic polymers with distinctive structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salmah Awhida
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | | | - Wentao Deng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Ben Alston
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | | | - Dave J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
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Hao Q, Lei W, Xie X, Xia M, Wang F, Yang X. High-quality and excellent green-light-emitting poly(acenaphthylene) film: electrosynthesis and characterization. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00008j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conducting poly(acenaphthylene) (PAcN) films with high quality have been electrochemically synthesized in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate medium containing 20% (by volume) ethyl ether. The green-light-emitting PAcN film has a high molecular weight and a narrow distribution of molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Hao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Ministry of Education, (Nanjing University of Science & Technology)
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Wu Lei
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xingen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Ministry of Education, (Nanjing University of Science & Technology)
- Nanjing
- China
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry
| | - Mingzhu Xia
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xujie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Ministry of Education, (Nanjing University of Science & Technology)
- Nanjing
- China
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Sezai Sarac A, Sezgin S, Ates M, Turhan MC. Monomer concentration effect on electrochemically modified carbon fiber with poly[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole] as microcapacitor electrode. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.20152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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