1
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Electrochemical behavior of methylene blue at bare and DNA-modified silver solid amalgam electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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2
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Svitková V, Nemčeková K, Vyskočil V. Application of silver solid amalgam electrodes in electrochemical detection of DNA damage. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5435-5444. [PMID: 35132476 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a mercury meniscus-modified silver solid amalgam electrode was used for the first time for the detection of UV-induced DNA damage. The integrity of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) layer was detected indirectly using the evaluation of the methylene blue reduction within its accumulation into dsDNA after the UV irradiation of the biosensor surface with two different wavelengths (254 nm and 365 nm), monitored by differential pulse voltammetry. Moreover, a simple electrochemical characterization of the biosensor surface was performed using cyclic voltammetry of the redox indicator hexaammineruthenium chloride (RuHex) present in the solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used in both cases for the verification of results. Individual electrochemical signals depend on the time of biosensor exposure to UV irradiation as well as on the selected wavelengths and are different for both used types of dsDNA (salmon sperm and calf thymus). The highest degradation degree up to 60% was observed using sensitive EIS of methylene blue after 10 min irradiation of the biosensor at 254 nm. The use of RuHex seems to be less sensitive for the detection of dsDNA structural changes, when the degradation degree up to 40% was observed, using EIS at the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Svitková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katarína Nemčeková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vlastimil Vyskočil
- UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Gum Arabic-capped silver nanoparticles for electrochemical amplification sensing of methylene blue in river water. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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4
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Vajedi FS, Dehghani H. A high-sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a novel ZnAl/layered double hydroxide modified cobalt ferrite-graphene oxide nanocomposite electrophoretically deposited onto FTO substrate for electroanalytical studies of etoposide. Talanta 2020; 208:120444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Abstract
A novel disposable electrochemical biosensor based on immobilized calf thymus double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) on the carbon-based screen-printed electrode (SPE) is developed for rapid biorecognition of carrageenan by using methylene blue (MB) redox indicator. The biosensor protocol for the detection of carrageenan is based on the concept of competitive binding of positively charged MB to the negatively charged dsDNA and carrageenan. The decrement in the MB cathodic peak current (ipc) signal as a result of the released MB from the immobilized dsDNA, and attracted to the carrageenan can be monitored via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The biosensor showed high sensitivity and selectivity to carrageenan at low concentration without interference from other polyanions such as alginate, gum arabic and starch. Calibration of the biosensor with carrageenan exhibited an excellent linear dependence from 1–10 mg L−1 (R2 = 0.98) with a detection limit of 0.08 mg L−1. The DNA-based carrageenan biosensor showed satisfactory reproducibility with 5.6–6.9% (n = 3) relative standard deviations (RSD), and possessing several advantages such as simplicity, fast and direct application to real sample analysis without any prior extensive sample treatments, particularly for seaweeds and food analyses.
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6
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Mohammed G, Khraibah N, Bashammakh A, El-Shahawi M. Electrochemical sensor for trace determination of timolol maleate drug in real samples and drug residues using Nafion/carboxylated-MWCNTs nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Mashhadizadeh MH, Talemi RP. Multilayer film of thiourea and gold nanoparticles as an effective platform for immobilization of activated non-labeled-DNA and construction of an ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193515080078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Rafiee-Pour HA, Behpour M, Keshavarz M. A novel label-free electrochemical miRNA biosensor using methylene blue as redox indicator: application to breast cancer biomarker miRNA-21. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:202-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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A sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil based on glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(bromocresol purple). Talanta 2015; 144:793-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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10
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DNA nanostructures based biosensor for the determination of aromatic compounds. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:191-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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A comparative study of electrochemical performances of carbon nanomaterial-modified electrodes for DNA detection. Nanotubes or graphene? J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Li F, Peng J, Zheng Q, Guo X, Tang H, Yao S. Carbon Nanotube-Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Hybrid-Modified Electrodes for Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of MicroRNA24. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4806-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengye Li
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
(Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Mashhadizadeh MH, Talemi RP. Application of diazo-thiourea and gold nano-particles in the design of a highly sensitive and selective DNA biosensor. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Primo EN, Oviedo MB, Sánchez CG, Rubianes MD, Rivas GA. Bioelectrochemical sensing of promethazine with bamboo-type multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersed in calf-thymus double stranded DNA. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 99:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Fotouhi L, Arabiyan S. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)-Ionic Liquid-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: Probing FurazolidoneDNA Interactions and DNA Determination. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Afkhami A, Ghaedi H, Madrakian T, Nematollahi D, Mokhtari B. Electro-oxidation and voltammetric determination of oxymetholone in the presence of mestanolone using glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon nanotubes. Talanta 2014; 121:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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García-González R, Costa-García A, Fernández-Abedul MT. Methylene blue covalently attached to single stranded DNA as electroactive label for potential bioassays. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2014; 191:784-790. [PMID: 32288245 PMCID: PMC7127606 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue is an electroactive molecule that has been employed for the detection of the DNA hybridization event in electrochemical sensors. However, its use as a covalent label is very scarce and in most of the cases, non-covalent interactions (hydrophobic, electrostatic) are employed. Although it has advantages as simplicity and fewer number of procedure steps, the covalent attachment is less exploited in the development of these sensors. In this article, the electrochemical behavior of methylene blue attached to different DNA-strands is studied. Several lengths (15- and 30-mer) and different degree of DNA modification (MB-DNA, MB-DNA-MB and MB-DNA-SH) have been studied. The highest signals were obtained for longer strands with two MB molecules. In all the cases the signal is enhanced by CNT-nanostructuration of the electrode. Adsorption on these modified screen-printed electrodes allowed the amplification by employing an accumulation time. In this way, a sensitivity of -0.2864 μA μM-1 and a limit of detection of 800 nM for a 120 s accumulation time were obtained.
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18
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Zhou J, Wang W, Yu P, Xiong E, Zhang X, Chen J. A simple label-free electrochemical aptasensor for dopamine detection. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and label-free electrochemical biosensor based on a dopamine DNA aptamer was developed for the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wenyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Erhu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, P.R. China
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19
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Zeng L, Wang R, Zhu L, Zhang J. Graphene and CdS nanocomposite: A facile interface for construction of DNA-based electrochemical biosensor and its application to the determination of phenformin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 110:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Kang TF, Xiong Y, Xue R, Cheng SY. Investigation of DNA Pesticide Interactions by Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Method. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.757702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Suginta W, Khunkaewla P, Schulte A. Electrochemical Biosensor Applications of Polysaccharides Chitin and Chitosan. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5458-79. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300325r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wipa Suginta
- Biochemistry and Electrochemistry
Research Unit, Schools
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand
| | - Panida Khunkaewla
- Biochemistry and Electrochemistry
Research Unit, Schools
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand
| | - Albert Schulte
- Biochemistry and Electrochemistry
Research Unit, Schools
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand
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22
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Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and rutin in pharmaceutical preparations with electrochemical method based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan composite film modified electrode. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 76:234-42. [PMID: 23348612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the simultaneous voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and rutin (Ru) has been achieved at an acetylene black paste electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan composite film (denoted as MWCNTs-CHIT/ABPE). Compared with bare electrode, the peak currents of AA and Ru at MWCNTs-CHIT/ABPE increased greatly and the anodic peak potential difference (ΔE(pa)) between AA and Ru are up to 342mV, which is undoubtedly attributed to the unique characteristics of AB and MWCNTs such as excellent electric conductivity, high surface area and strong adsorptive abilities, resulting in higher accumulation efficiency to AA and Ru. The influences of some experimental conditions on the oxidation of AA and Ru were tested and the calibration plot was examined. Under the optimized condition, a good linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 1μM-0.4mM for AA in the presence of 10μM Ru and 20nM-10μM for Ru in the presence of 1mM AA. The detection limits (S/N=3) of AA and Ru are 0.8μM and 10nM, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of AA and Ru in pharmaceutical samples with reliable recovery.
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23
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Wu L, Yang Y, Zhang H, Zhu G, Zhang X, Chen J. Sensitive electrochemical detection of hydroxyl radical with biobarcode amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Xiong Y, Kang TF, Lu LP. Electrochemistry of complex formation of carbaryl with ds-DNA using [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ as probe. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Kuralay F, Vural T, Bayram C, Denkbas EB, Abaci S. Carbon nanotube-chitosan modified disposable pencil graphite electrode for vitamin B12 analysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 87:18-22. [PMID: 21616649 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A single walled carbon nanotube-chitosan (SWCNT-chitosan) modified disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was used in this study for the electrochemical detection of Vitamin B(12). Electrochemical behaviors of SWCNT-chitosan PGE and chitosan modified PGE were compared by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. SWCNT-chitosan modified electrode was also used for the quantification of Vitamin B(12) in pharmaceutical products. The results show that this electrode system is suitable for sensitive Vitamin B(12) analysis giving good recovery results. The surface morphologies of the SWCNT-chitosan PGE, chitosan modified PGE and unmodified PGE were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Kuralay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe-Ankara, Turkey
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26
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DNA hybridization biosensor using chitosan–carbon nanotubes composite film as an immobilization platform and [Cu(bpy)(MBZ)2(H2O)] (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine, MBZ=p-methylbenzoate) as a novel redox indicator. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Tran LD, Nguyen BH, Van Hieu N, Tran HV, Nguyen HL, Nguyen PX. Electrochemical detection of short HIV sequences on chitosan/Fe3O4 nanoparticle based screen printed electrodes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Wei MY, Guo LH, Famouri P. DNA biosensors based on metallo-intercalator probes and electrocatalytic amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Koev ST, Dykstra PH, Luo X, Rubloff GW, Bentley WE, Payne GF, Ghodssi R. Chitosan: an integrative biomaterial for lab-on-a-chip devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:3026-3042. [PMID: 20877781 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally derived polymer with applications in a variety of industrial and biomedical fields. Recently, it has emerged as a promising material for biological functionalization of microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMS). Due to its unique chemical properties and film forming ability, chitosan serves as a matrix for the assembly of biomolecules, cells, nanoparticles, and other substances. The addition of these components to bioMEMS devices enables them to perform functions such as specific biorecognition, enzymatic catalysis, and controlled drug release. The chitosan film can be integrated in the device by several methods compatible with standard microfabrication technology, including solution casting, spin casting, electrodeposition, and nanoimprinting. This article surveys the usage of chitosan in bioMEMS to date. We discuss the common methods for fabrication, modification, and characterization of chitosan films, and we review a number of demonstrated chitosan-based microdevices. We also highlight the advantages of chitosan over some other functionalization materials for micro-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Koev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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30
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Del Carlo M, Compagnone D. Recent strategies for the biological sensing of pesticides: from the design to the application in real samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-010-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Methylene blue as an electrochemical indicator for DF508 cystic fibrosis mutation detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:1423-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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