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Sahraneshin Samani S, Sameiyan E, Tabatabaei Yazdi F, Mortazavi SA, Alibolandi M, Ramezani M, Taghdisi SM, Abnous K. Sandwich-type aptamer-based biosensors for thrombin detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1985-2001. [PMID: 38502201 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Thrombin, a proteolytic enzyme, plays an essential role in catalyzing many blood clotting reactions. Thrombin can act as a marker for some blood-related diseases, such as leukemia, thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease and liver disease. Therefore, its diagnosis is of great importance in the fields of biological and medical research. Biosensors containing sandwich-type structures have attracted much consideration owing to their superior features such as reproducible and stable responses with easy improvement in the sensitivity of detection. Sandwich-type platforms can be designed using a pair of receptors that are able to bind to diverse locations of the same target. Herein, we investigate recent advances in the progress and applications of thrombin aptasensors containing a sandwich-type structure, in which two thrombin-binding aptamers (TBAs) identify different parts of the thrombin molecule, leading to the formation of a sandwich structure and ultimately signal detection. We also discuss the pros and cons of these approaches and outline the most logical approach in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Sahraneshin Samani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Sameiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farideh Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ratiometric Electrochemical Biosensing of Methyltransferase Activity. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel ratiometric electrochemical readout platform was proposed and developed for the fast and flexible analysis of M.SssI methyltransferase (MTase) activity. In this platform, two hairpin DNAs (H1 and H2) were designed. H1 contains the palindromic sequence of 5′-CCGG-3′ in its stem which could be methylated and hybridize with H2 labeled by methylene blue (MB) as one of the signal reporters on a gold electrode (GE) in the presence of M.SssI MTase. Additionally, a specific immunoreaction was introduced by conjugating an anti-5-methylcytosine antibody, a DNA CpG methylation recognition unit, with 1,3-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (Fc) as the second signal reporter. The results showed that when the Fc tag approaches, the MB tag was far from the gold electrode surface, resulting in a decrease in the oxidation peak current of MB (IMB) and an increase in the oxidation peak current of Fc (IFc). The ratiometric electrochemical method above shows the linear range of detection was 0 U/mL 40 U/mL with a detection limit of 0.083 U/mL (the mean signal of blank measures þ3s).
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Raicopol M, Pilan L. The Role of Aryldiazonium Chemistry in Designing Electrochemical Aptasensors for the Detection of Food Contaminants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143857. [PMID: 34300776 PMCID: PMC8303706 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Food safety monitoring assays based on synthetic recognition structures such as aptamers are receiving considerable attention due to their remarkable advantages in terms of their ability to bind to a wide range of target analytes, strong binding affinity, facile manufacturing, and cost-effectiveness. Although aptasensors for food monitoring are still in the development stage, the use of an electrochemical detection route, combined with the wide range of materials available as transducers and the proper immobilization strategy of the aptamer at the transducer surface, can lead to powerful analytical tools. In such a context, employing aryldiazonium salts for the surface derivatization of transducer electrodes serves as a simple, versatile and robust strategy to fine-tune the interface properties and to facilitate the convenient anchoring and stability of the aptamer. By summarizing the most important results disclosed in the last years, this article provides a comprehensive review that emphasizes the contribution of aryldiazonium chemistry in developing electrochemical aptasensors for food safety monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matei Raicopol
- Costin Nenitzescu, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Luisa Pilan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-402-3977
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Spring SA, Goggins S, Frost CG. Ratiometric Electrochemistry: Improving the Robustness, Reproducibility and Reliability of Biosensors. Molecules 2021; 26:2130. [PMID: 33917231 PMCID: PMC8068091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors are an increasingly attractive option for the development of a novel analyte detection method, especially when integration within a point-of-use device is the overall objective. In this context, accuracy and sensitivity are not compromised when working with opaque samples as the electrical readout signal can be directly read by a device without the need for any signal transduction. However, electrochemical detection can be susceptible to substantial signal drift and increased signal error. This is most apparent when analysing complex mixtures and when using small, single-use, screen-printed electrodes. Over recent years, analytical scientists have taken inspiration from self-referencing ratiometric fluorescence methods to counteract these problems and have begun to develop ratiometric electrochemical protocols to improve sensor accuracy and reliability. This review will provide coverage of key developments in ratiometric electrochemical (bio)sensors, highlighting innovative assay design, and the experiments performed that challenge assay robustness and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Sean Goggins
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Avonmouth, Bristol BS11 9QD, UK;
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Nucleic acid-based ratiometric electrochemiluminescent, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhu C, Liu M, Li X, Zhang X, Chen J. A new electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive assay of a protein based on the dual-signaling electrochemical ratiometric method and DNA walker strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10359-10362. [PMID: 30152501 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a new electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor for highly sensitive assay of thrombin has been developed based on the dual-signaling electrochemical ratiometric method and the DNA walker strategy, and shows a low detection limit of about 56 fM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
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An electrochemiluminescence ratiometric self-calibrated biosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yu J, Jin H, Gui R, Lv W, Wang Z. A facile strategy for ratiometric electrochemical sensing of quercetin in electrolyte solution directly using bare glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Gong C, Shen Y, Song Y, Wang L. On-Off Ratiometric Electrochemical Biosensor for Accurate Detection of Glucose. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Goggins S, Apsey EA, Mahon MF, Frost CG. Ratiometric electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2459-2466. [PMID: 28256671 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection is of high importance as it is a versatile (bio)marker whose detection can indicate the presence of explosives, enzyme activity and cell signalling pathways. Herein, we demonstrate the rapid and accurate ratiometric electrochemical detection of H2O2 using disposable screen-printed electrodes through a reaction-based indicator assay. Ferrocene derivatives equipped with self-immolative linkers and boronic acid ester moieties were synthesised and tested, and, through a thorough assay optimisation, the optimum probe showed good stability, sensitivity and selectivity towards H2O2. The optimised conditions were then applied to the indirect detection of glucose via an enzymatic assay, capable of distinguishing 10 μM from the background within minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Goggins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Goggins S, Stark OP, Naz C, Marsh BJ, Frost CG. Ratiometric electrochemical detection of Pd•••π interactions: application towards electrochemical molecular logic gates. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2017.1288910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Goggins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Yu J, Jin H, Gui R, Wang Z, Ge F. A general strategy to facilely design ratiometric electrochemical sensors in electrolyte solution by directly using a bare electrode for dual-signal sensing of analytes. Talanta 2017; 162:435-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin China
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Song W, Niu Q, Qiang W, Li H, Xu D. Enzyme-free electrochemical aptasensor by using silver nanoparticles aggregates coupling with carbon nanotube inducing signal amplification through electrodeposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Liu L, Xia N, Meng JJ, Zhou BB, Li SJ. An electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive and selective detection of dopamine based on signal amplification of electrochemical-chemical redox cycling. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wei B, Zhang J, Wang H, Xia F. A new electrochemical aptasensor based on a dual-signaling strategy and supersandwich assay. Analyst 2016; 141:4313-8. [PMID: 27188283 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00594b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we develop a new electrochemical aptasensor by coupling two amplification strategies, including a dual signaling strategy and a supersandwich assay. In order to fabricate this aptasensor, a thiolated capture probe (CP) was first self-assembled on the gold electrode surface by Au-S bonds. After the addition of methylene blue (MB) modified signal probe 1 (SP1) and ferrocene (Fc) labeled signal probe 2 (SP2), supersandwich structure DNA, including multiple units of SP1 and SP2, was grown from the CP on the electrode surface. In the presence of ATP, the strong interaction between ATP and its aptamer (CP, SP1) leads to the disassembly of the supersandwich structure and thereby, the release of SP1 and SP2 from the gold electrode surface, resulting in a decrease of the MB and Fc signals. Taking "Signal gainMB + Signal gainFc" as the response signal, ATP can be detected sensitively; the detection limit is 2.1 nM, which is lower than that using either a single-signaling strategy or a traditional sandwich assay alone. Moreover, the new aptasensor also exhibits excellent specificity, selectivity, reliability and applicability. We believe that this new strategy will be helpful for fabricating sensitive and selective electrochemical aptasensors of other biomolecules and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benmei Wei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, P. R. China.
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Nucleic acid tool enzymes-aided signal amplification strategy for biochemical analysis: status and challenges. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:2793-811. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Smart protein biogate as a mediator to regulate competitive host-guest interaction for sensitive ratiometric electrochemical assay of prion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16015. [PMID: 26531259 PMCID: PMC4631995 DOI: 10.1038/srep16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel competitive host-guest strategy regulated by protein biogate was developed for sensitive and selective analysis of prion protein. The methylene blue (MB)-tagged prion aptamer (MB-Apt) was introduced to the multiwalled carbon nanotubes-β-cyclodextrins (MWCNTs-β-CD) composites-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode through the host-guest interaction between β-CD and MB. In the absence of prion, MB-Apt could be displaced by ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FCA) due to its stronger binding affinity to β-CD, resulting in a large oxidation peak of FCA. However, in the presence of prion, the specific prion-aptamer interaction drove the formation of protein biogate to seal the cavity of β-CD, which hindered the guest displacement of MB by FCA and resulted in the oxidation peak current of MB (IMB) increased and that of FCA (IFCA) decreased. The developed aptasensor showed good response towards the target (prion protein) with a low detection limit of 160 fM. By changing the specific aptamers, this strategy could be easily extended to detect other proteins, showing promising potential for extensive applications in bioanalysis.
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Xiong E, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhou J, Yu P, Li X, Chen J. Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Nucleic Acids Based on the Dual-Signaling Electrochemical Ratiometric Method and Exonuclease III-Assisted Target Recycling Amplification Strategy. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7291-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erhu Xiong
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yunqing Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiawan Zhou
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Gao F, Qian Y, Zhang L, Dai S, Lan Y, Zhang Y, Du L, Tang D. Target catalyzed hairpin assembly for constructing a ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:158-163. [PMID: 25897885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a novel dual-signaling amplified aptasensor for protein detection via target-catalyzed hairpin assembly. Thrombin was chosen as a model target. This aptasensor contains two DNA hairpins termed as H1 and H2. H1, which is modified at its 3' ends with a methylene blue (MB), consists of the aptamer sequence of human thrombin. Meanwhile, H2 which is modified at its 3' ends with a ferrocene (Fc), is partially complementary to H1. Upon the addition of target protein, it can facilitate the opening of the hairpin structure of H1 and thus accelerate the hybridization between H1 and H2, the target protein can be displaced from hairpin H1 by hairpin H2 through a process similar to DNA branch migration. The released target found another H1 to trigger the cycle, resulting in the multiplication of the Fc confined near the GE surface and MB away from the GE surface. When IFc/IMB is used as the response signal for quantitative determination of thrombin, the detection limit (41 fM) is much lower than that by using either MB or Fc alone. This new dual-signaling aptasensor is readily regenerated and shows good response toward the target. Furthermore, this amplified aptasensor shows high selectivity toward its target protein. The clever combination of the functional DNA hairpin and the novel device achieved a ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor, which could be used as a simple, sensitive high repeatability and selective platform for target protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 221004 Xuzhou, China.
| | - Yong Qian
- Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Shizhen Dai
- Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yanfei Lan
- Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Lili Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Daoquan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 221004 Xuzhou, China
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Aptamer-free electrochemical detection of thrombin based on coagulation reaction of ferrocene-labeled fibrinogen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Zhang P, Zhuo S, Sun L, Zhang P, Zhu C. Determination of gamma-globulin at nanogram levels by its quenching effect on the fluorescence of a red emitting conjugated polymer. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel red emitting fluorescence sensor has been constructed and used for the selective assay of gamma-globulin in the presence of serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Shujuan Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Lilin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Changqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
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