1
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Sun Y. Research on Detection of Sterol Doping in Sports by Electrochemical Sensors: A Review. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:3394079. [PMID: 36117750 PMCID: PMC9477621 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3394079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of doping by athletes to improve performance is prohibited. Therefore, doping testing is an important step to ensure fairness in sports. Doping is gradually metabolized in the body and is therefore difficult to detect immediately by a common method. At the same time, the emergence of new doping agents poses a challenge for highly sensitive detection. Electrochemical sensors are a fast, highly sensitive, and inexpensive analytical detection technology. It provides qualitative and quantitative determination of analytes by altering the electrochemical signal of the analyte or probe at the electrode. In this min-review, we summarized the different electrochemical sensing strategies for sterol doping detection. Some of the representative papers were interpreted in detail. In addition, we compare different sensing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Sun
- Physical Education Department, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, Henan 473000, China
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2
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Nabizadeh H, Feyzi Bornaji B, Salarian AA, Abtahi SR, Mohammadi A, Hami Z. Electrochemical sensing platform based on graphene oxide‐chitosan for simultaneous determination of some antihypertensive drugs. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nabizadeh
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences IRAN (THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | | | | | | | - Ali Mohammadi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF
| | - Zahra Hami
- Aja University of Medical Sciences IRAN (THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
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3
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Ziaie N, Shabani-Nooshabadi M. Introduction of AlV 3O 9/CNT Nanocomposite for Modification of the Electrochemical Sensor in Order the Determination of Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Biological and Pharmaceutical Samples. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ziaie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shabani-Nooshabadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-51167, Iran
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4
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Yence M, Cetinkaya A, Ozcelikay G, Kaya SI, Ozkan SA. Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes: Recent Developments and Advances in View of Electrochemical Drug Sensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1122-1138. [PMID: 33464132 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1863769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Conductive boron-doped diamond (BDD), in addition to its superior material properties, offers many important advantages that make it an interesting material for electroanalytical studies. It has been considered as an excellent electrode material for electrooxidation of drug active compounds in their dosage forms or in biological materials due to its good physical and chemical properties. It contains not only the largest solvent working potential window compared to other electrode materials, but also it has low background and capacitive currents; lower problems with passivation and it has the ability to withstand extreme potentials, corrosive, and high temperature/pressure environments. The aim of this review is not only to provide a state-of-the-art of diamond electrochemistry but also to serve as a reference point for any researcher wishing to commence work with diamond electrodes and understand electrochemical data. Therefore, it is focused on the carbon-based materials, electrochemical properties of the BDD film electrode, its fundamental research, and its electrochemical pretreatment process are discussed in detail. In this case, there are important studies to show the effective BDD drug sensors for the detection and determination of drugs and the present review critically summarizes the available data in this field between 2015 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yence
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goksu Ozcelikay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Khairy M, Khorshed AA. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of two binary mixtures containing propranolol in pharmaceutical tablets and urine samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Development of a composite electrode based on graphite and polycaprolactone for the determination of antihypertensive drugs. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Lourencao BC, Brocenschi RF, Medeiros RA, Fatibello‐Filho O, Rocha‐Filho RC. Analytical Applications of Electrochemically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C. Lourencao
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) C.P. 676 13560-970 São Carlos – SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo F. Brocenschi
- Centro de Estudos do Mar Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) C.P. 61 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná – PR Brazil
| | - Roberta A. Medeiros
- Departamento de Química Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) C.P. 10.011 86057-970 Londrina – PR Brazil
| | - Orlando Fatibello‐Filho
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) C.P. 676 13560-970 São Carlos – SP Brazil
| | - Romeu C. Rocha‐Filho
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) C.P. 676 13560-970 São Carlos – SP Brazil
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8
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Baluchová S, Daňhel A, Dejmková H, Ostatná V, Fojta M, Schwarzová-Pecková K. Recent progress in the applications of boron doped diamond electrodes in electroanalysis of organic compounds and biomolecules – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:30-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Attimarad M, Narayanswamy VK, Aldhubaib BE, SreeHarsha N, Nair AB. Development of UV spectrophotometry methods for concurrent quantification of amlodipine and celecoxib by manipulation of ratio spectra in pure and pharmaceutical formulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222526. [PMID: 31525229 PMCID: PMC6746368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a new oral dosage preparation of amlodipine besylate (AML) and celecoxib (CEL) for the management of hypertension and osteoarthritis. However, no simultaneous estimation procedures for these two analytes have been described. Hence, two simple, accurate, and precise ultraviolet spectroscopic procedures that manipulated the ratio spectra were established for concurrent quantification of AML and CEL using ethanol as a solvent. The first method involves determining the peak-to-trough amplitude difference of the ratio spectra of AML and CEL. The second method involves determining the peak amplitude of the ratio first derivative (Δλ 4 nm) spectra of AML and CEL at 334.2 nm and 254.2 nm, correspondingly. Both methods showed linearity in the range of 1–6 μg mL-1 for AML and 5–40 μg mL-1 for CEL with an excellent correlation coefficient (<0.999). The proposed procedures were validated by following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for accuracy, precision, selectivity, recovery, and stability studies. It is evident from the low %RSD and %RE that both analytical procedures were found to be accurate and precise, respectively. The percent recovery of AML and CEL from the formulation was found to be 99.79% and 99.34% using the ratio-difference method and 100.13% and 99.70% using the ratio first-derivative method, with a low percent relative standard deviation. Further, the proposed techniques permit concurrent quantification of AML and CEL in different concentration ratios without interference from each other; hence, these techniques can be adopted for regular quality-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
- * E-mail:
| | - Venugopla Katarigatta Narayanswamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bandar Essa Aldhubaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
| | - Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
| | - Anroop Balachandran Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
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10
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Khorshed AA, Khairy M, Banks CE. Electrochemical determination of antihypertensive drugs by employing costless and portable unmodified screen-printed electrodes. Talanta 2019; 198:447-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Srivastava AK, Upadhyay SS, Rawool CR, Punde NS, Rajpurohit AS. Voltammetric Techniques for the Analysis of Drugs using Nanomaterials based Chemically Modified Electrodes. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180510152154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Electroanalytical techniques play a very important role in the areas of medicinal,
clinical as well as pharmaceutical research. Amongst these techniques, the voltammetric methods
for the determination of drugs using nanomaterials based chemically modified electrodes (CMEs)
have received enormous attention in recent years. This is due to the sensitivity and selectivity they
provide on qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of the electroactive analyte under study. The aim
of the present review was to discuss the work on nanomaterials based CMEs for the analysis of drugs
covering the period from 2000 to present employing various voltammetric techniques for different
classes of the drugs.
Methods:
The present review deals with the determination of different classes of drugs including analgesics,
anthelmentic, anti-TB, cardiovascular, antipsychotics and anti-allergic, antibiotic and gastrointestinal
drugs. Also, a special section is devoted for enantioanalysis of certain chiral drugs using
voltammetry. The detailed information of the voltammetric determination for the drugs from each
class employing various techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, linear
sweep voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, stripping voltammetry, etc. are presented in tabular
form below the description of each class in the review.
Results:
Various nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibers, quantum
dots, metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer based nanocomposites have been used by researchers
for the development of CMEs over a period of time. The large surface area to volume ratio, high conductivity,
electrocatalytic activity and biocompatibility make them ideal modifiers where they produce
synergistic effect which helps in trace level determination of pharmaceutical, biomedical and medicinal
compounds. In addition, macrocyclic compounds as chiral selectors have been used for the determination
of enantiomeric drugs where one of the isomers captured in the cavities of chiral selector
shows stronger binding interaction for one of the enantiomorphs.
Conclusion:
arious kinds of functional nanocomposites have led to the manipulation of peak potential
due to drug - nanoparticles interaction at the modified electrode surface. This has facilitated the
simultaneous determination of drugs with almost similar peak potentials. Also, it leads to the enhancement
in voltammetric response of the analytes. It is expected that such modified electrodes can
be easily miniaturized and used as portable, wearable and user friendly devices. This will pave a way
for in-vivo onsite real monitoring of single as well as multi component pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Sharad S. Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Chaitali R. Rawool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Ninad S. Punde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Anuja S. Rajpurohit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
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Sousa CP, Ribeiro FWP, Oliveira TMBF, Salazar‐Banda GR, de Lima‐Neto P, Morais S, Correia AN. Electroanalysis of Pharmaceuticals on Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: A Review. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila P. Sousa
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química Centro de CiênciasUniversidade Federal do Ceará Bloco 940, Campus do Pici Pici Fortaleza CE 60440-900 Brazil
| | - Francisco W. P. Ribeiro
- Instituto de Formação de EducadoresUniversidade Federal do Cariri Rua Olegário Emídio de Araújo Centro 63260-000 Brejo Santo, CE Brazil
| | - Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira
- Centro de Ciência e TecnologiaUniversidade Federal do Cariri Av. Tenente Raimundo Rocha, Cidade Universitária 63048-080 Juazeiro do Norte, CE Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R. Salazar‐Banda
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa/ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de ProcessosUniversidade Tiradentes 49032-490 Aracaju, SE Brazil
| | - Pedro de Lima‐Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química Centro de CiênciasUniversidade Federal do Ceará Bloco 940, Campus do Pici Pici Fortaleza CE 60440-900 Brazil
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQVInstituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Instituto Politécnico do Porto R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431
| | - Adriana N. Correia
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química Centro de CiênciasUniversidade Federal do Ceará Bloco 940, Campus do Pici Pici Fortaleza CE 60440-900 Brazil
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13
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Sulyma M, Vasyuk S, Zhuk Y, Kaminskyy D, Chupashko O, Ogurtsov V. New Spectrophotometric Method of Amlodipine Besylate Determination and its Validation. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht12.04.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Electrochemical Biosensor for the Determination of Amlodipine Besylate Based on Gelatin–Polyaniline Iron Oxide Biocomposite Film. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8060233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Švorc Ľ, Borovská K, Cinková K, Stanković DM, Planková A. Advanced electrochemical platform for determination of cytostatic drug flutamide in various matrices using a boron-doped diamond electrode. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Moraes JT, Salamanca-Neto CAR, Švorc Ľ, Sartori ER. Advanced sensing performance towards simultaneous determination of quaternary mixture of antihypertensives using boron-doped diamond electrode. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Mavrokefalos CK, Hasan M, Khunsin W, Schmidt M, Maier SA, Rohan JF, Compton RG, Foord JS. Electrochemically modified boron-doped diamond electrode with Pd and Pd-Sn nanoparticles for ethanol electrooxidation. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Electrochemical analysis of amlodipine in some pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluid using disposable pencil graphite electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Mattos GJ, Scremin J, Salamanca-Neto CAR, Sartori ER. The Performance of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode for the Determination of Ramipril and its Association with Hydrochlorothiazide. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Junquetti Mattos
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Centro de Ciências Exatas; Departamento de Química; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 Londrina - PR C.P. 10.011, 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Jessica Scremin
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Centro de Ciências Exatas; Departamento de Química; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 Londrina - PR C.P. 10.011, 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Rossi Salamanca-Neto
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Centro de Ciências Exatas; Departamento de Química; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 Londrina - PR C.P. 10.011, 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Elen Romão Sartori
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Centro de Ciências Exatas; Departamento de Química; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380 Londrina - PR C.P. 10.011, 86057-970 Brazil
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20
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Eisele APP, Valezi CF, Sartori ER. Exploiting the high oxidation potential of carisoprodol on a boron-doped diamond electrode: an improved method for its simultaneous determination with acetaminophen and caffeine. Analyst 2017; 142:3514-3521. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, carisoprodol was simultaneously determined with acetaminophen and caffeine employing an electroanalytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pires Eisele
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)
- Centro de Ciências Exatas
- Departamento de Química
- Londrina – PR
- Brazil
| | - Camila Farinha Valezi
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)
- Centro de Ciências Exatas
- Departamento de Química
- Londrina – PR
- Brazil
| | - Elen Romão Sartori
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL)
- Centro de Ciências Exatas
- Departamento de Química
- Londrina – PR
- Brazil
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21
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NIGOVIC B, MILANOVIC I. Green Electroanalytical Method for Fast Measurement of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:1219-1223. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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May PW, Clegg M, Silva TA, Zanin H, Fatibello-Filho O, Celorrio V, Fermin DJ, Welch CC, Hazell G, Fisher L, Nobbs A, Su B. Diamond-coated 'black silicon' as a promising material for high-surface-area electrochemical electrodes and antibacterial surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5737-5746. [PMID: 32263865 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a method to fabricate high-surface-area boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes using so-called 'black silicon' (bSi) as a substrate. This is a synthetic nanostructured material that contains high-aspect-ratio nano-protrusions, such as spikes or needles, on the Si surface produced via plasma etching. We now show that coating a bSi surface composed of 15 μm-high needles conformably with BDD produces a robust electrochemical electrode with high sensitivity and high electroactive area. A clinically relevant demonstration of the efficacy of these electrodes is shown by measuring their sensitivity for detection of dopamine (DA) in the presence of an excess of uric acid (UA). Finally, the nanostructured surface of bSi has recently been found to generate a mechanical bactericidal effect, killing both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria at high rates. We will show that BDD-coated bSi also acts as an effective antibacterial surface, with the added advantage that being diamond-coated it is far more robust and less likely to become damaged than Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W May
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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23
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Silva AA, Silva LAJ, Munoz RAA, Oliveira AC, Richter EM. Determination of Amlodipine and Atenolol by Batch Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection on Boron-doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Almir A. Silva
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brazil
| | - Luiz A. J. Silva
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. A. Munoz
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brazil
| | - Aline C. Oliveira
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Av. Fernando Correa, 2367 Cuiabá, MT Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Richter
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brazil
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