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Zhang H, Zhou L, Yang X, Wang H, Wang Y, Wu Z. A zero energy-input nitrogen removal reactor based on a short-circuited microfluidic fuel cell. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87998-88008. [PMID: 37432575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive discharge of ammonia nitrogen would deteriorate water quality. In this work, we designed an innovative microfluidic electrochemical nitrogen-removal reactor (MENR) based on a short-circuited ammonia-air microfluidic fuel cell (MFC). The MENR utilizes the laminar characteristics of two flows (an anolyte containing nitrogen-rich wastewater and a catholyte of acid electrolyte solution) in a microchannel to establish an efficient reactor system. At anode, ammonia was catalyzed by a NiCu/C modified electrode to N2, while O2 in the air was reduced at cathode. In essence, the MENR reactor is a short-circuited MFC. Maximum discharge currents were achieved accompanied with strong ammonia oxidation reaction. Factors indicating electrolyte flow rate, initial nitrogen concentration, electrolyte concentration, and electrode geometry have various effects on the nitrogen removal performance of the MENR. Results indicate that the MENR showed efficient nitrogen removal properties. This work proposes an energy-saving process by using the MENR to remove nitrogen from ammonia-rich wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Luanqi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Energy Storage; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Civil Engineering Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zucheng Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Energy Storage; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Yan J, Xu H, Chang L, Lin A, Cheng D. Revealing the pH-dependent mechanism of nitrate electrochemical reduction to ammonia on single-atom catalysts. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15422-15431. [PMID: 36218353 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02545k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate electrochemical reduction to ammonia (NO3RR) catalyzed by single-atom catalysts (SACs) is an attractive and efficient way for solving the problem of nitrate pollution in water and obtaining valuable product ammonia through low temperature synthesis. It is well known that the pH conditions can be regulated to tune the performance of NO3RR, however, there have been few studies aimed at gaining theoretical insight into the origin of pH-dependent catalytic performance among SACs. Herein, taking 3d-transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni and Mn) single-atoms supported on diverse anchor sites of MoS2 as an example (SA-MoS2), we explore the activity and selectivity for NO3RR towards ammonia (NH3 and NH4+) under different pH conditions by density functional theory calculations. It is found that priority reaction pathways, the potential determining step and limiting potentials of SA-MoS2 exhibit pH-dependent characteristics, which can be described by a contour map of catalytic reactivity, spanned by adsorption free energies (GNO* and GNH2*), and further determined by local coordination environment and electronic states of active sites. Our three-step screening method reveals that the Co single-atom adsorbed MoS2 edge catalyst is the most promising catalyst among the studied SA-MoS2 because of its low limiting potential (-0.3-0.4 V, RHE), excellent selectivity in the competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as stability against aggregation and electrochemical dissolution across the full pH range. This work demonstrates a theoretical insight into the pH-dependent mechanism of supported SA catalyzed NO3RR, which proposes a screening strategy for finding new SACs, and provides motivation for further experimental exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Le Chang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daojian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Feng T, Li F, Hu X, Wang Y. Selective electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia via NbWO6 perovskite nanosheets with oxygen vacancy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang J, Feng T, Chen J, He JH, Fang X. Flexible 2D Cu Metal: Organic Framework@MXene Film Electrode with Excellent Durability for Highly Selective Electrocatalytic NH 3 Synthesis. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9837012. [PMID: 35707045 PMCID: PMC9175116 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9837012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (ENRA) is an effective strategy to resolve environmental and energy crisis, but there are still great challenges to achieve high activity and stability synergistically for practical application in a fluid environment. The flexible film electrode may solve the abovementioned problem of practical catalytic application owing to the advantages of low cost, light weight, eco-friendliness, simple and scalable fabrication, extensive structural stability, and electrocatalytic reliability. Herein, 2D hybridization copper 1,4-benzenedi-carboxylate (CuBDC) has been grown on electronegative MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx) seamlessly to prepare a 2D flexible CuBDC@Ti3C2Tx electrode for ENRA. The flexible electrode simultaneously exhibits high Faradaic efficiency (86.5%) and excellent stability for NH3 synthesis, which are comparable to previously reported nanomaterials toward ENRA. Especially, the flexible electrode maintains outstanding FE NH3 toward ENRA after the bending, twisting, folding, and crumpling tests, indicating excellent electroconductibility, high stability, and durability. This work not only provides mild permeation-mediated strategy to fabricate a flexible electrode but also explores the practical applications of the electrode with effectively environmental adaptability in solving global environmental contamination and energy crisis by effective ENRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Song N, Chen Z, Shi J, Shi D, Gu L. Performance and mechanism of chelating resin (TP-207) supported Pd/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles in selective reduction of nitrate by using ZVI (zero valent iron) as reductant. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim DE, Pak D. Ti plate with TiO 2 nanotube arrays as a novel cathode for nitrate reduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:611-618. [PMID: 31059959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the possibility of using a Ti plate with TiO2 nanotube arrays as a novel cathode for nitrate reduction. TiO2 nanotube arrays were grown on a Ti plate by anodization in a glycerol based electrolyte and annealed to change their crystallographic structure. Morphological and crystallographic structures of Ti plates with a TiO2 nanotubular layer were analysed before and after anodization or annealing by using energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and X-ray diffraction. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were also performed to test the electrochemical reactivity towards nitrate reduction. A lab-scale electrochemical reactor with a RuO2/Ti anode and a Ti plate with a TiO2 nanotubular layer as a cathode was operated to treat synthetic wastewater containing up to 600 mg L-1 of NO3-N. The Ti plate with a TiO2 nanotubular layer was compared with other cathodes such as Ti, Cu, Ni, and Stainless Steel. The Ti plate with an anatase TiO2 nanotubular layer with a layer thicknesses greater than 45 μm was able to show the most efficient nitrate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Kim
- Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Graduate School of Energy & Environment, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01181, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Pak
- Department of Energy & Environment Engineering, Graduate School of Energy & Environment, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01181, Republic of Korea.
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Liu F, Liu K, Li M, Hu S, Li J, Lei X, Liu X. Fabrication and characterization of a Ni-TNTA bimetallic nanoelectrode to electrochemically remove nitrate from groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:560-568. [PMID: 30797165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel Ni-TiO2 nanotube array (Ni-TNTA) bimetallic nanometer electrode was developed. The electrode fabrication method was optimized, and the Ni-TNTA bimetallic nanoelectrode was used to efficiently remove nitrate from groundwater. The Ni-TNTA bimetallic nanoelectrode was prepared via an electrochemical method, chemical bath deposition method and calcining method. When the current density was 30 mA cm-2 after 90 min of electrolysis, the removal rate of nitrate was as high as 93.4%, whereas the removal rate of a TiO2 nanoelectrode made via the traditional method was only 56.0%. Under the same conditions, the newly developed Ni-TNTA bimetallic nanoelectrode increased the removal rate of nitrate by 66.8%. The results showed that the removal rate of nitrate was the highest when the Ni-TNTA bimetallic nanoelectrode was prepared with a 10 min chemical bath and calcination at 500 °C. The effect of the electrode on the removal rate of nitrate was investigated for different current densities, initial concentrations, temperature and pH. When the solution was alkaline, the removal efficiency of nitrate improved. When the current density and temperature increased, the removal rate of nitrate accordingly increased. However, as the initial concentration of the solution increased, the removal rate of nitrate decreased. An IrO2 electrode was used as the anode, the Ni-TNTA bimetallic nanoelectrode was used as the cathode, and 0.3 g L-1 NaCl was added into the solution. The removal rate of nitrate was 89.6% after 90 min of electrolysis and barely produced nitrite or ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Kaiwang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Senchang Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Wu P, Wang F. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate via Cu/Ni composite cathode paired with Ir-Ru/Ti anode: High efficiency and N2 selectivity. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ma X, Li M, Meng F, Wang L, Feng C, Chen N, Liu X. Efficient nano titanium electrode via a two-step electrochemical anodization with reconstructed nanotubes: Electrochemical activity and stability. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:177-183. [PMID: 29571137 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A two-step anodization method was used to prepare an efficient nano Ti electrode (ENTE), based on the nano Ti electrode (NTE) that was synthesized by the traditional anodization method. The result of FESEM showed there were many nanopores and nanoparticles on the surface of the ENTE. Compared with Ti electrode, the ENTE exhibited an increased electrochemical activity of nitrate reduction, attributing to its ∼1.09-fold higher reduction peak current density. Values of average current efficiency towards nitrate reduction indicated that the electrochemical properties of different electrodes were raised in the order of ENTE (0.36) > NTE (0.25) > Ti electrode (0.15). The ENTE exhibited a ∼3.33-fold higher electroactive surface area than that of Ti electrode. The higher current density throughout the 1000 s and the ∼1.27-fold higher final current density at 1000 s suggested that the ENTE had a higher stability for nitrate electroreduction. The nitrate reduction efficiency increased with the increasing of initial nitrate-nitrogen concentration and temperature. Similar effect was obtained from current density below 50 mA cm-2. And under the neutral condition, a higher nitrate reduction efficiency was achieved. The curved surface and higher surface area due to the nanopores of the ENTE increased the nitrate concentration in the EDL and enhanced the potential of individual nitrate ions in the diffuse layer exponentially. This research provided a new route to assess a nano-electrode with high stability and a clear reaction mechanism in EDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fanbin Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lele Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Su L, Li K, Zhang H, Fan M, Ying D, Sun T, Wang Y, Jia J. Electrochemical nitrate reduction by using a novel Co 3O 4/Ti cathode. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 120:1-11. [PMID: 28478288 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Co3O4 film coated on Ti substrate is prepared using sol-gel method and applied as cathode material for electrochemical denitrification in this research. Preparation conditions including precursor coating times and calcination temperature are optimized based on NO3--N removal, NO2--N generation, NH4+-N generation and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies. The influences of electrolysis parameters such as current density and NO3--N initial concentration are also investigated. In comparison with other common researched cathodes (Ti, Cu and Fe2O3/Ti), Co3O4/Ti exhibits better NO3--N removal and NH4+-N generation efficiencies. In order to remove NO3--N completely from water, Cl- is added to help further oxidize NH4+-N to N2. TN removal after 3 h treatment increases from 65% to 80%, 90% and 96% with the increase of Cl- from 0 mg L-1 to 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1, respectively. The mechanisms of NO3--N reduction on cathode and NH4+-N oxidation on anode in the absence and presence of Cl- are investigated in a double-cell reactor. Actual textile wastewater containing both NO3- and Cl- is also treated and the Co3O4/Ti cathode exhibits excellent stability and reliability. It is interesting to find out that FeCl2-H2O2 Fenton pretreatment is needed to remove extra COD and provide more Cl- to help oxidize NH4+-N to N2 at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhua Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Maohong Fan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA; School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Diwen Ying
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Tonghua Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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Development and reaction mechanism of efficient nano titanium electrode: Reconstructed nanostructure and enhanced nitrate removal efficiency. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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