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Sobczak K, Rudnicki K, Poltorak L. Electrochemical screening of selected β-blockers at a polarized liquid-liquid interface. Analyst 2024; 149:2363-2373. [PMID: 38454902 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the electrochemical behavior of five β-blockers at the polarized liquid-liquid interface formed between aqueous solution (sodium chloride solution or Britton-Robinson buffers) and bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (BTPPATPBCl) dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane (the organic phase). All measurements reported in this work were conducted using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The effects of the concentration of analytes, the pH of the aqueous phase, and applied electrochemical parameters on the analytical performance of the studied system are studied and discussed. The linear dynamic ranges (LDRs) of the studied β-blockers were in the range of 5-200 μmol L-1 and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) value was determined for pindolol (LOD = 1.96 μM μmol L-1). The highest LOD value was 4.96 μmol L-1 found for nebivolol. In addition, physicochemical parameters such as the formal Galvani potential difference (Δaqorgϕ), formal Gibbs free energies of the ion transfer reaction (ΔaqorgG') and partition coefficients (log P'aq/org) for all studied molecules were determined. The latter were compared and correlated with the available literature values of log Poctanol. Finally, a standard addition method was used to determine the concentration of nebivolol in pharmaceutical preparations using a platform based on the electrified liquid-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sobczak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Electroanalysis and Electrochemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Konrad Rudnicki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Electroanalysis and Electrochemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Electroanalysis and Electrochemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
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Balamurugan TST, Stelmaszczyk P, Wietecha-Posłuszny R, Poltorak L. Electroanalytical characterization of clozapine at the electrified liquid-liquid interface and its detection in soft and hard drinks. Analyst 2024; 149:2073-2083. [PMID: 38415352 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine (CZ) is a prescribed benzodiazepine psychiatric drug that is often possessed as an illicit drug and is associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) due to its strong sedative capabilities. Hence, we propose an electrified liquid-liquid interface (eLLI) based transducing element as an alternative electroanalytical platform for rapid screening of CZ in soft and hard drinks which is habitually associated with DFSA crimes. First, molecular partitioning and the effect of chemical composition, pH, and the presence of ethanol in the biphasic configuration of the aqueous phase on the interfacial behaviour and analytical performance of the CZ at the eLLI have been investigated with voltammetry. Next, the electrochemical profiles of various soft and hard drinks were studied at the eLLI. The eLLI-based CZ sensor has shown a broad dynamic range (15-150 μM), lower detection limits (1μM), and adequate reliability towards rapid CZ screening in spiked soft and hard drink samples with reference to the standard chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj S T Balamurugan
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Stelmaszczyk
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
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Langmaier J, Maier V, Samec Z. Voltammetry of Several Natural and Synthetic Opioids at a Polarized Ionic Liquid Membrane. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Langmaier
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Maier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc tř. 17. listopadu 12 CZ-77146 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Samec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic
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Rudnicki K, Poltorak L, Skrzypek S, Sudhölter EJ. Ion transfer voltammetry for analytical screening of fluoroquinolone antibiotics at the water – 1.2-dichloroethane interface. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1085:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Langmaier J, Skopalová J, Navrátil T, Samec Z. Detection of antimuscarinic agents tolterodine and fesoterodine and their metabolite 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine by ion transfer voltammetry at a polarized room-temperature ionic liquid membrane. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Osakai T. Is the Oil | Water Interface the Simplest and Best Suited Model for Understanding Biomembranes? ANAL SCI 2019; 35:361-366. [PMID: 30606904 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18r005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted by using the oil (O) | water (W) interface as a simple model for understanding ion transfer (IT) or electron transfer (ET) across biomembranes. In this review, we revisit the usability of the O | W interface as a biomembrane model. For understanding biomembrane IT, the O | W interface is the simplest and best suited model. For example, the standard Gibbs transfer energy of drug ions at the O | W interface is a useful measure for evaluating their membrane permeability in a conventional in vitro assay, called PAMPA. However, the O | W interface is not necessarily a good model for understanding biomembrane ET. This is because no net current can be observed with the O | W interface, owing to the ET-coupled proton transfer. In such a case, the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formed on a metal electrode serves as a better model for understanding biomembrane ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Osakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
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Fujii Y, Yoshida E, Osakai T. A Strategy for in Silico Prediction of the Membrane Permeability of Drugs. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Erina Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Osakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Palaiokostas M, Ding W, Shahane G, Orsi M. Effects of lipid composition on membrane permeation. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8496-8508. [PMID: 30346462 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01262h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Passive permeation through lipid membranes is an essential process in biology. In vivo membranes typically consist of mixtures of lamellar and nonlamellar lipids. Lamellar lipids are characterized by their tendency to form lamellar sheet-like structures, which are predominant in nature. Nonlamellar lipids, when isolated, instead form more geometrically complex nonlamellar phases. While mixed lamellar/nonlamellar lipid membranes tend to adopt the ubiquitous lamellar bilayer structure, the presence of nonlamellar lipids is known to have profound effects on key membrane properties, such as internal distributions of stress and elastic properties, which in turn may alter related biological processes. This work focuses on one such process, i.e., permeation, by utilising atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in order to obtain transfer free energy profiles, diffusion profiles and permeation coefficients for a series of thirteen small molecules and drugs. Each permeant is tested on two bilayer membranes of different lipid composition, i.e., purely lamellar and mixed lamellar/nonlamellar. Our results indicate that the presence of nonlamellar lipids reduces permeation for smaller molecules (molecular weight < 100) but facilitates it for the largest ones (molecular weight > 100). This work represents an advancement towards the development of more realistic in silico permeability assays, which may have a substantial future impact in the area of rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Palaiokostas
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Yamada A, Yoshida E, Eda K, Osakai T. Prediction of the Standard Gibbs Energy of Ion Transfer across the 1,2-Dichloroethane/Water Interface. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:919-924. [PMID: 29962373 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The standard Gibbs energy of ion transfer at the 1,2-dichloroethane/water interface (ΔGtr°,W→O) was determined for 26 organic cations and 24 anions by means of ion-transfer voltammetry with a micro oil/water interface. Based on the data sets, a theoretical analysis was performed with the non-Bornian solvation model, in which the solvation energy of an organic ion is evaluated from local electric fields on the surface of the ion. The semi-empirical equations thus obtained are available for relatively accurate prediction of ΔGtr°,W→O for organic ions. The mean absolute error was 1.9 or 3.1 kJ mol-1 for cations or anions, respectively, corresponding to the error of ∼20 or ∼30 mV in the standard ion-transfer potential. In this paper, energy decomposition has been performed to discuss different contributions to ΔGtr°,W→O from the "hydrated" (strongly charged) and positively and negatively charged "non-hydrated" (moderately charged) surfaces as well as from the hydrophobic interaction (cavity formation energy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
| | - Erina Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
| | - Kazuo Eda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
| | - Toshiyuki Osakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University
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11
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Katano H, Maruyama M, Kuroda Y, Uematsu K, Maruyama C, Hamano Y. Partition of amines and lysine oligomers between organic solvent and water under a controlled interfacial potential difference. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Poltorak L, Eggink I, Hoitink M, Sudhölter EJR, de Puit M. Electrified Soft Interface as a Selective Sensor for Cocaine Detection in Street Samples. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7428-7433. [PMID: 29781600 PMCID: PMC6011179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A straightforward,
direct, and selective method is presented for
electrochemical cocaine identification in street samples. The sensing
mechanism is based on a simple ion transfer reaction across the polarized
liquid–liquid interface. The interfacial behavior of a number
of cutting agents is also reported. Interfacial miniaturization has
led to improved electroanalytical properties of the liquid–liquid
interface based sensor as compared with the macroscopic analogue.
The reported method holds great potential to replace colorimetric
tests with poor selectivity for on-site street sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Poltorak
- Delft University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | | | - Marnix Hoitink
- Delft University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J R Sudhölter
- Delft University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Marcel de Puit
- Delft University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands.,Netherlands Forensic Institute, Forensic Biometric Traces , Laan van Ypenburg 6 , 2497 GB The Hague , The Netherlands
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Lipophilicity of acetylcholine and related ions examined by ion transfer voltammetry at a polarized room-temperature ionic liquid membrane. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nagatani H, Fujisawa M, Imura H. Mechanistic Analysis of Ion Association between Dendrigraft Poly-l-lysine and 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3237-3243. [PMID: 29457910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular association between biocompatible dendritic polymers, dendrigraft poly-l-lysines (DGLs), and an anionic fluorescent probe, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS-), was studied at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. The fluorescence intensity of ANS measured in aqueous solution was enhanced by the coexistence of DGLs over a wide pH range (2 < pH < 10), where ANS and DGL exist as a monoanionic form and a polycation, respectively. The voltammetric responses indicated that the positively charged DGLs were adsorbed at the water|DCE interface, whereas ANS- was transferred across the interface accompanied by the adsorption process. The interfacial behavior of the DGL-ANS associates was analyzed by potential-modulated fluorescence (PMF) spectroscopy. The PMF results demonstrated that the ion association between DGLs and ANS at the water|DCE interface is strongly affected by the applied potential and the dendritic generation of DGL. By applying appropriate potentials, the ANS anion was dissociated from its ion associate with DGLs at the interface and transferred into the organic phase, whereas DGLs remained in the aqueous phase. The Gibbs free energy of ion association (Δ GD···ANS) was estimated for the second-fourth generation DGLs (DGL-G2-G4) and the G4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer as a control. The highest stability of the DGL-G4-ANS associate manifested itself through Δ GD···ANS: DGL-G4-ANS (>G4 PAMAM dendrimer-ANS) > DGL-G3-ANS > DGL-G2-ANS. The results elucidated the efficient anion-binding ability of higher generation DGLs and its potential dependence at the liquid|liquid interface.
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Poltorak L, Sudhölter EJ, de Smet LC. Effect of charge of quaternary ammonium cations on lipophilicity and electroanalytical parameters: Task for ion transfer voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Sakae H, Fujisawa M, Nagatani H, Imura H. Molecular association between flavin derivatives and dendritic polymers at the water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nakamura M, Osakai T. Evaluation of the artificial membrane permeability of drugs by digital simulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 91:154-61. [PMID: 27334569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A digital simulation method has been developed for evaluating the membrane permeability of drugs in the parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA). The simulation results have shown that the permeability coefficient (log Ppampa) of drugs is linearly increased with increasing their distribution coefficient (log KD,M) to the lipid membrane, i.e., the hydrophobicity of the drug molecules. However, log Ppampa shows signs of leveling off for highly hydrophobic drugs. Such a dependence of log Ppampa is in harmony with the reported experimental data, and has been well explained in terms of the change in the rate-determining step from the diffusion in the membrane to that in the unstirred water layer (UWL) on both sides of the membrane. Additionally, the effects of several factors, including lag time, diffusion coefficient, pH, and pKa, on the permeability coefficient have been well simulated. It has thus been suggested that the proposed method should be promising for in silico evaluation of the membrane permeability of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Osakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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