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Pinheiro JP, Rotureau E. Electroanalytical Trace Metal Cations Quantification and Speciation in Freshwaters: Historical Overview, Critical Review of the Last Five Years and Road Map for Developing Dynamic Speciation Field Measurements. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062831. [PMID: 36985802 PMCID: PMC10056914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An historical overview covering the field of electroanalytical metal cations speciation in freshwaters is presented here, detailing both the notable experimental and theoretical developments. Then, a critical review of the progress in the last five years is given, underlining in particular the improvements in electrochemical setups and methodologies dedicated to field surveys. Given these recent achievements, a road map to carry out on-site dynamic metal speciation measurements is then proposed, and the key future developments are discussed. This review shows that electroanalytical stripping techniques provide a unique framework for quantitatively assessing metals at trace levels while offering access to both thermodynamic and dynamic features of metal complexation with natural colloidal and particulate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Paulo Pinheiro
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Elise Rotureau
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), F-54000 Nancy, France
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2
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Lin Y, Ruan X, Li J, Huang X, Yang D. Construction of Intelligent Substation-Optimized Networking Communication Network Based on Source-Network-Load Interaction Environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:4730233. [PMID: 36213051 PMCID: PMC9534685 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4730233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Smart grids, which possess flexibility, cleanliness, safety, economy, and friendliness, have drawn a lot of attention from all over the world in an era of rapid social and economic development, power technology change, and energy and environmental constraints. However, there are still issues with the design, installation, and operation of smart substations, such as insufficient LAN integration, difficulty quantifying network performance, and inability to keep track of communication. The basic meaning and key technologies of substation communication standards are used as the research object in this paper, and the basic attributes of substation data flow, such as source, type, and function, are qualitatively analyzed. The mathematical model that is most closely fitted is 2.8% more effective. The research object is the topology of the process bus. Through the comparison of various solutions, including star topology, ring topology, bus topology, and mesh topology, the advantages and disadvantages of each topology networking scheme are revealed along with the particular functional requirements of the substation process layer. Further discussion is given to the crucial topology-related technologies of network congestion and flow control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Lin
- Department of Evaluation Center, Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co. Ltd, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofei Ruan
- Department of Evaluation Center, Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co. Ltd, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Evaluation Center, Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co. Ltd, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Evaluation Center, Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co. Ltd, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Dishan Yang
- Department of Evaluation Center, Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co. Ltd, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China
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3
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Thakur A, Devi P. A Comprehensive Review on Water Quality Monitoring Devices: Materials Advances, Current Status, and Future Perspective. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:193-218. [PMID: 35522585 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2070838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring has become more critical in recent years to ensure the availability of clean and safe water from natural aquifers and to understand the evolution of water contaminants across time and space. The conventional water monitoring techniques comprise of sample collection, preservation, preparation, tailed by laboratory testing and analysis with cumbersome wet chemical routes and expensive instrumentation. Despite the high accuracy of these methods, the high testing costs, laborious procedures, and maintenance associated with them don't make them lucrative for end end-users and field testing. As the participation of ultimate stakeholders, that is, common man for water quality and quantity can play a pivotal role in ensuring the sustainability of our aquifers, thus it is essential to develop and deploy portable and user-friendly technical systems for monitoring water sources in real-time or on-site. The present review emphasizes here on possible approaches including optical (absorbance, fluorescence, colorimetric, X-ray fluorescence, chemiluminescence), electrochemical (ASV, CSV, CV, EIS, and chronoamperometry), electrical, biological, and surface-sensing (SPR and SERS), as candidates for developing such platforms. The existing developments, their success, and bottlenecks are discussed in terms of various attributes of water to escalate the essentiality of water quality devices development meeting ASSURED criterion for societal usage. These platforms are also analyzed in terms of their market potential, advancements required from material science aspects, and possible integration with IoT solutions in alignment with Industry 4.0 for environmental application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Thakur
- Materials Science and Sensor Application, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pooja Devi
- Materials Science and Sensor Application, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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4
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Yang Q, Nagar B, Alvarez-Diduk R, Balsells M, Farinelli A, Bloisi D, Proia L, Espinosa C, Ordeix M, Knutz T, De Vito-Francesco E, Allabashi R, Merkoçi A. Development of a Heavy Metal Sensing Boat for Automatic Analysis in Natural Waters Utilizing Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. ACS ES&T WATER 2021; 1:2470-2476. [PMID: 34918010 PMCID: PMC8669633 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the levels of heavy metal ions would support assessment of sources and pathways of water pollution. However, traditional spatial assessment by manual sampling and off-site detection in the laboratory is expensive and time-consuming and requires trained personnel. Aiming to fill the gap between on-site automatic approaches and laboratory techniques, we developed an autonomous sensing boat for on-site heavy metal detection using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. A fluidic sensing system was developed to integrate into the boat as the critical sensing component and could detect ≤1 μg/L Pb, ≤6 μg/L Cu, and ≤71 μg/L Cd simultaneously in the laboratory. Once its integration was completed, the autonomous sensing boat was tested in the field, demonstrating its ability to distinguish the highest concentration of Pb in an effluent of a galena-enriched mine compared to those at other sites in the stream (Osor Stream, Girona, Spain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Yang
- Nanobioelectronics
and Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Department
of Material Science, Campus
de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bhawna Nagar
- Nanobioelectronics
and Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Wallis,
Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, Rue de l’Industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Ruslán Alvarez-Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics
and Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Balsells
- Nanobioelectronics
and Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Farinelli
- University
of Verona, Department of Computer
Science, Ca Vignal 2,
Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Bloisi
- University
of Verona, Department of Computer
Science, Ca Vignal 2,
Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department
of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Economics, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Proia
- BETA Technological
Center, University of Vic-Central University
of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinosa
- BETA Technological
Center, University of Vic-Central University
of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- CERM, Center
for the Study of Mediterranean Rivers, University of Vic-Central University
of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08560 Manlleu, Spain
| | - Marc Ordeix
- BETA Technological
Center, University of Vic-Central University
of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- CERM, Center
for the Study of Mediterranean Rivers, University of Vic-Central University
of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08560 Manlleu, Spain
| | - Thorsten Knutz
- Go
Systemelektronik GmbH, Falunerweg 1, D-24109 Kiel, Germany
| | - Elisabetta De Vito-Francesco
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Sanitary Engineering
and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roza Allabashi
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Sanitary Engineering
and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics
and Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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Li Z, Xu D, Zhang D, Yamaguchi Y. A portable instrument for on-site detection of heavy metal ions in water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3471-3477. [PMID: 33834269 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on differential pulse voltammetry technology, we developed a portable and affordable instrument for on-site detection of trace heavy metal pollutants in liquid through a disposable plastic pipette. It mainly consists of a six-electrode electrochemical sensor which is integrated in the instrument. The pipette chip is equipped with a pump valve, and thus, it can avoid contamination. We have analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of the electrochemical sensor for heavy metal detection. Experimental results demonstrated that the limit of detection for Pb, Hg, Cu, and Zn was 2.2 ng/mL, 2.5 ng/mL, 15.5 ng/mL, and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The limit of quantification for them was 10 ng/mL, 25 ng/mL, 25 ng/mL, and 14 ng/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficient between peak current and the target heavy metal concentration was above 0.96. Finally, we have tested the analytical performance of the self-build instrument by measuring heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater and rainwater, respectively. Such an instrument is user-friendly for all users even for the common people, and we can envision its wide application in future heavy metal pollutant detection in groundwater, tap water, and supernatant of soil solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Debao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yoshinori Yamaguchi
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Key Lab of Optical Instruments and Equipment for Medical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
- Oono Joint Research laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Research and Development, PicoTecBio Corporation, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita-city, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Kaewjua K, Nakthong P, Chailapakul O, Siangproh W. Flow-based System: A Highly Efficient Tool Speeds Up Data Production and Improves Analytical Performance. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:79-92. [PMID: 32981899 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20sar02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we cite references from the period between 2015 and 2020 related to the use of a flow-based system as a tool to obtain a modern analytical system for speeding up data production and improving performance. Based on a great deal of concepts for automatic systems, there are several research groups introduced in the development of flow-based systems to increase sample throughput while retaining the reproducibility and repeatability as well as to propose new platforms of flow-based systems, such as microfluidic chip and paper-based devices. Additionally, to apply a developed system for on-site analysis is one of the key features for development. We believe that this review will be very interested and useful for readers because of its impact on developing novel analytical systems. The content of the review is categorized following their applications including quality control and food safety, clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and miscellaneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantima Kaewjua
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Prangthip Nakthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.
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Abstract
The consumption of reactive dyes in the batik industry has led to a severe concern in monitoring the heavy metal level in wastewater. Due to the necessity of implementing a wastewater monitoring system in the batik factory, a Heavy Metal potentiostat (HMstat) was designed. The main goal of this study is to understand the optimal design concept of the potentiostat function in order to investigate the losses of accuracy in measurement using off-the-shelf devices. Through lab-scale design, the HMstat comprises of an analog potentiostat read-out circuit component (PRCC) and a digital control signal component (CSC). The PRCC is based on easy to use components integrated with a NI-myRIO controller in a CSC. Here, the myRIO was equipped with built-in analog to digital converter (ADC) and digital to analog converter (DAC) components. In this paper, the accuracy test and detection of cadmium(II) (Cd2+) and lead(II) (Pb2+) were conducted using the HMstat. The results were compared with the Rodeostat (an open source potentiostat available on the online market). The accuracy of the HMStat was higher than 95% and within the precision rate of the components used. The HMstat was able to detect Cd2+ and Pb2+ at −0.25 and −0.3 V, respectively. Similar potential peaks were obtained using Rodeostat (Cd2+ at −0.25 V and Pb2+ at −0.3 V).
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8
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Eshlaghi MA, Kowsari E, Ehsani A, Akbari-Adergani B, Hekmati M. Functionalized graphene oxide GO-[imi-(CH2)2-NH2] as a high efficient material for electrochemical sensing of lead: Synthesis surface and electrochemical characterization. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Park SJ, Jeon DY, Moon YS, Park IH, Kim GT. Web-drive based source measure unit for automated evaluations of ionic liquid-gated MoS 2 transistors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:124708. [PMID: 31893837 DOI: 10.1063/1.5111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For reliable characterization of two-dimensional semiconducting devices and continuous monitoring in toxic environments, construction of an electrical characterization-based massive database using a portable source measure unit (SMU) with a WiFi connection is desirable. The web-drive based SMU using a microcontroller developed here exhibits superior voltage source performance (∼1 mV) and voltage/current measurement (∼0.15 mV/∼1 nA) capabilities, with automatic construction of a measurement database for online storage using web-drive based software, which can be applied for reliable electrical characterization. Electrical characterization of ionic liquid-gated MoS2 transistors was achieved with the designed SMU and showed results comparable with those obtained using a commercial semiconductor characterization system. Ionic liquid-gated transistors only require a small gate bias (∼1.5 V) for on-state operation because of the high gate capacitance originating from the thin dielectric layer constructed of an electrical double layer, which makes the device a promising candidate for low power consumption applications. Finally, several electrical parameters of the ionic liquid-gated transistor were extracted from the datasets and uploaded to the web-drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Dae-Young Jeon
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Joellabuk-do 55324, South Korea
| | - Young-Sun Moon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Il-Hoo Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Tae Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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Guan P, Guo PR, Liu N, Zhang F, Lei YQ. The preparation of a flexible AuNP modified carbon cloth electrode and its application in electrochemical detection of Hg(ii) by continuous flow in environmental water. Analyst 2018; 143:4436-4441. [PMID: 30151540 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a carbon cloth composite electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared by a facile in situ electrodeposition method and applied to the detection of mercury ions in water. With the optimized electrochemical detection conditions and methods, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.6 μg L-1 with the linearity ranging from 2 to 200 μg L-1 by the SWSV detection method, and the electrode showed good repeatability after many cycles. Based on this detection method, a continuous flow electrochemical detection system was constructed and applied to the detection of Hg ions in environmental water samples. The standard addition experimental results of two real water samples with an addition level of 10 and 50 μg L-1 showed that the recoveries were between 92.4% and 108.9% with RSDs from 2.01% to 3.22%. These results showed the same performance as that of the ZAAS mercury detection method (recovery: 94-102.4%, RSD 2.09-5.4%). Compared with other electrode materials, a shorter detection time, a wider linear range and high stability with a similar LOD can be achieved by a continuous flow detection method by using the composite electrode. The established continuous flow electrochemical detection system would have promising application in online and real-time detection of heavy metals in environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of On-line Monitoring of Water Environmental Pollution, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, 510070, China. and College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Peng-Ran Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of On-line Monitoring of Water Environmental Pollution, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of On-line Monitoring of Water Environmental Pollution, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of On-line Monitoring of Water Environmental Pollution, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Yong-Qian Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of On-line Monitoring of Water Environmental Pollution, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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Mohamed Zukri MNB, Abu Bakar EB, Uchiyama N, Bin Abdullah MN. Prediction of Trace Element based Energizing Sensor Control System using PWM. IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018; 370:012042. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/370/1/012042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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12
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Zinoubi K, Majdoub H, Barhoumi H, Boufi S, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Determination of trace heavy metal ions by anodic stripping voltammetry using nanofibrillated cellulose modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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