1
|
Apollon W. An Overview of Microbial Fuel Cell Technology for Sustainable Electricity Production. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:884. [PMID: 37999370 PMCID: PMC10672772 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The over-exploitation of fossil fuels and their negative environmental impacts have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide, and efforts have been made to propose alternatives for the production of sustainable and clean energy. One proposed alternative is the implementation of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which are sustainable and environmentally friendly. MFCs are devices that use bacterial activity to break down organic matter while generating sustainable electricity. Furthermore, MFCs can produce bioelectricity from various substrates, including domestic wastewater (DWW), municipal wastewater (MWW), and potato and fruit wastes, reducing environmental contamination and decreasing energy consumption and treatment costs. This review focuses on recent advancements regarding the design, configuration, and operation mode of MFCs, as well as their capacity to produce bioelectricity (e.g., 2203 mW/m2) and fuels (i.e., H2: 438.7 mg/L and CH4: 358.7 mg/L). Furthermore, this review highlights practical applications, challenges, and the life-cycle assessment (LCA) of MFCs. Despite the promising biotechnological development of MFCs, great efforts should be made to implement them in a real-time and commercially viable manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilgince Apollon
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Francisco Villa S/N, Ex-Hacienda El Canadá, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zahmatkesh S, Amesho KT, Sillanpaa M, Wang C. Integration of renewable energy in wastewater treatment during COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges, opportunities, and progressive research trends. CLEANER CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [PMCID: PMC9176107 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2022.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has aroused drastic effects on the global economy and public health. In response to this, personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, and social distancing have been considered the most important ways to prevent the direct spread of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 would be possible survive in wastewater for a few days, leading to secondary transmission via contact with water and wastewater. Thus, the most economical and practical approaches for decentralized wastewater treatment are renewable energies such as the solar energy disinfestation process. However, as freshwater requirements increase and fossil fuels become unsustainable, renewable energy becomes more attractive for desalination applications. Solar photovoltaic, membrane-based, and electricity desalination technologies are becoming increasingly popular due to their lower energy requirements. Several aquatic environments could be benefitted from solar energy wastewater disinfection. Besides, utilizing solar energy during the day can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 to nearly 90%. However, conventional membrane-based desalination practices have also been integrated, including reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED). Several exciting membrane processes have been developed recently, including membrane distillation (MD), pressure-reduced osmosis (PRO), and reverse electrodialysis (RED). Such operations can produce clean and sustainable electricity from brine and impaired water, generally considered hazardous to the environment. As a result, neither PRO nor RED can produce electricity without mixing a high salinity solution (such as seawater or brine and wastewater, respectively) with a low salinity solution. Herein, we critically review the progress in applying renewable energy such as solar energy and geothermal energy for generating electricity from wastewater treatment and uniquely discuss the effects of these two types of renewable energy on SARS-CoV-2 in air and wastewater treatment. We also highlight the significant process made on the membrane processes utilizing renewable energy and research gaps from the standpoint of producing clean and sustainable energy. The significant points of this review are: (1) among various types of renewable energy, solar energy and geothermal energy have been predominantly studied for wastewater treatment, (2) effects of these two types of renewable energy on SARS-CoV-2 in air and wastewater treatment are critically analyzed, and (3) the knowledge gaps and anticipated future research outlook have been consequently proposed thereof.
Collapse
|
3
|
Gong L, Abbaszadeh Amirdehi M, Sonawane JM, Jia N, Torres de Oliveira L, Greener J. Mainstreaming microfluidic microbial fuel cells: a biocompatible membrane grown in situ improves performance and versatility. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1905-1916. [PMID: 35441185 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A recent trend in microfluidic microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to exclude a separation membrane, instead, relying on the physics of laminar flow to maintain isolation between anode and cathode compartments. To avoid solution crossover, the electrodes may be separated by distances of several millimeters, but this negatively affects the internal resistance and undermines a prime advantage of microscale MFCs. Therefore, we propose a facile method for in situ synthesis of a micromembrane that supports sub-millimeter electrode spacing. Membrane synthesis in situ reduces device fabrication complexity, and the proposed design avoids electrode contamination during its synthesis. Comparing results to a state-of-the-art membraneless MFC with 6 mm inter-electrode distances, the sub-millimeter membrane MFC under comparable flow conditions had an internal resistance that was 60% lower, power and current densities that were respectively 45% and 290% higher, and acetate conversion efficiencies that were 8 times higher. The enhanced flow stability provided stable operation under imbalanced flow conditions and delivered continuous increases to power density of up to 30% for flow rate increases of 100 times over baseline levels. As a result, maximum outputs obtained were 660 mW m-1 and 3.5 A m-1. These are the highest reported for microfluidic MFCs using pure culture bacteria, which advances the goal of competing with mainstream MFC formats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Gong
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | | | - Jayesh M Sonawane
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Nan Jia
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Leon Torres de Oliveira
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jesse Greener
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
- CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Use of Onion Waste as Fuel for the Generation of Bioelectricity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030625. [PMID: 35163889 PMCID: PMC8838531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous environmental problems that arise from organic waste have increased due to the significant population increase worldwide. Microbial fuel cells provide a novel solution for the use of waste as fuel for electricity generation. In this investigation, onion waste was used, and managed to generate maximum peaks of 4.459 ± 0.0608 mA and 0.991 ± 0.02 V of current and voltage, respectively. The conductivity values increased rapidly to 179,987 ± 2859 mS/cm, while the optimal pH in which the most significant current was generated was 6968 ± 0.286, and the ° Brix values decreased rapidly due to the degradation of organic matter. The microbial fuel cells showed a low internal resistance (154,389 ± 5228 Ω), with a power density of 595.69 ± 15.05 mW/cm2 at a current density of 6.02 A/cm2; these values are higher than those reported by other authors in the literature. The diffractogram spectra of the onion debris from FTIR show a decrease in the most intense peaks, compared to the initial ones with the final ones. It was possible to identify the species Pseudomona eruginosa, Acinetobacter bereziniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Yarrowia lipolytica adhered to the anode electrode at the end of the monitoring using the molecular technique.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharif HMA, Farooq M, Hussain I, Ali M, Mujtaba M, Sultan M, Yang B. Recent innovations for scaling up microbial fuel cell systems: Significance of physicochemical factors for electrodes and membranes materials. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
6
|
Jiang S, Sun H, Wang H, Ladewig BP, Yao Z. A comprehensive review on the synthesis and applications of ion exchange membranes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:130817. [PMID: 34091294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are undergoing prosperous development in recent years. More than 30,000 papers which are indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) have been published on IEMs during the past twenty years (2001-2020). Especially, more than 3000 papers are published in the year of 2020, revealing researchers' great interest in this area. This paper firstly reviews the different types (e.g., cation exchange membrane, anion exchange membrane, proton exchange membrane, bipolar membrane) and electrochemical properties (e.g., permselectivity, electrical resistance/ionic conductivity) of IEMs and the corresponding working principles, followed by membrane synthesis methods, including the common solution casting method. Especially, as a promising future direction, green synthesis is critically discussed. IEMs are extensively applied in various applications, which can be generalized into two big categories, where the water-based category mainly includes electrodialysis, diffusion dialysis and membrane capacitive deionization, while the energy-based category mainly includes reverse electrodialysis, fuel cells, redox flow battery and electrolysis for hydrogen production. These applications are comprehensively discussed in this paper. This review may open new possibilities for the future development of IEMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Haishu Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huijiao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bradley P Ladewig
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang M, Ma Z, Song H. Preparation and Application of Fe-N Co-Doped GNR@CNT Cathode Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020377. [PMID: 33540737 PMCID: PMC7912981 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Through one-step pyrolysis, non-noble-metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts were constructed from ferric trichloride, melamine, and graphene nanoribbon@carbon nanotube (GNR@CNT), in which a portion of the multiwall carbon nanotube is unwrapped/unzipped radially, and thus graphene nanoribbon is exposed. In this study, Fe-N/GNR@CNT materials were used as an air-cathode electrocatalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the first time. The Fe-N/C shows similar power generation ability to commercial Pt/C, and its electron transfer number is 3.57, indicating that the ORR process primarily occurs with 4-electron. Fe species, pyridinic-N, graphitic-N, and oxygen-containing groups existing in GNR@CNT frameworks are likely to endow the electrocatalysts with good ORR performance, suggesting that a GNR@CNT-based carbon supporter would be a good candidate for the non-precious metal catalyst to replace Pt-based precious metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhaokun Ma
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-10-64434916 (Z.M.); +86-10-64434916 (H.S.)
| | - Huaihe Song
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-10-64434916 (Z.M.); +86-10-64434916 (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang S, Zhang J, Pi J, Gong L, Zhu G. Long-term electricity generation and denitrification performance of MFCs with different exchange membranes and electrode materials. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107748. [PMID: 33609890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different biocathode electrode materials (graphite felt and carbon brush, GF and CB) and exchange membranes (proton exchange membrane and cation exchange membrane, PEM and CEM) were used in three microbial fuel cell (MFC) configurations operated for 300-days to investigate the power generation and the COD and N removal performance. Results showed no effect on the COD removal (all above 96%); however, the power generation (46.11 mW·h) and denitrification performance (68.0 ± 1.6%) of the MFC-B (GF + PEM) system were higher than those of the other systems (MFC-A: CB + PEM; MFC-C: CB + CEM) (P < 0.01), and the power generation and denitrification performance of all three systems decreased with time (P < 0.01). By analyzing the physicochemical properties of the exchange membrane and cathode electrode materials, the reasons that affect the power generation performance of the system were clarified. Furthermore, the increase in bioelectricity enhanced the electricity-related nitrification and denitrification reactions. The average 300-day unit denitrification cost of MFC-A was 4.2 and 6.3 times that of MFC-B and MFC-C, respectively. Comprehensive consideration of electricity generation, denitrification, and service life, combined with cost analysis and better selection of construction materials, provides a theoretical basis for the long-term stable operation and sustainable application of MFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Jingran Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jiachang Pi
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Liying Gong
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Noori MT, Ghangrekar MM, Mukherjee CK, Min B. Biofouling effects on the performance of microbial fuel cells and recent advances in biotechnological and chemical strategies for mitigation. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107420. [PMID: 31344446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of biofouling in MFC can cause severe problems such as hindering proton transfer and increasing the ohmic and charge transfer resistance of cathodes, which results in a rapid decline in performance of MFC. This is one of the main reasons why scaling-up of MFCs has not yet been successfully accomplished. The present review article is a wide-ranging attempt to provide insights to the biofouling mechanisms on surfaces of MFC, mainly on proton exchange membranes and cathodes, and their effects on performance of MFC based on theoretical and practical evidence. Various biofouling mitigation techniques for membranes are discussed, including preparation of antifouling composite membranes, modification of the physical and chemical properties of existing membranes, and coating with antifouling agents. For cathodes of MFC, use of Ag nanoparticles, Ag-based composite nanoparticles, and antifouling chemicals is outlined in considerable detail. Finally, prospective techniques for mitigation of biofouling are discussed, which have not been given much previous attention in the field of MFC research. This article will help to enhance understanding of the severity of biofouling issues in MFCs and provides up-to-date solutions. It will be beneficial for scientific communities for further strengthening MFC research and will also help in progressing this cutting-edge technology to scale-up, using the most efficient methods as described here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md T Noori
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - M M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - C K Mukherjee
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Islam MA, Ehiraj B, Cheng CK, Dubey BN, Khan MMR. Biofilm re-vitalization using hydrodynamic shear stress for stable power generation in microbial fuel cell. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
11
|
Ahilan V, de Barros CC, Bhowmick GD, Ghangrekar MM, Murshed MM, Wilhelm M, Rezwan K. Microbial fuel cell performance of graphitic carbon functionalized porous polysiloxane based ceramic membranes. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 129:259-269. [PMID: 31247532 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton-conducting porous ceramic membranes were synthesized via a polymer-derived ceramic route and probed in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Their chemical compositions were altered by adding carbon allotropes including graphene oxide (GO) and multiwall carbon nanotubes into a polysiloxane matrix as filler materials. Physical characteristics of the synthesized membranes such as porosity, hydrophilicity, mechanical stability, ion exchange capacity, and oxygen mass transfer coefficient were determined to investigate the best membrane material for further testing in MFCs. The ion exchange capacity of the membrane increased drastically after adding 0.5 wt% of GO at an increment of 9 fold with respect to that of the non-modified ceramic membrane, while the oxygen mass transfer coefficient of the membrane decreased by 52.6%. The MFC operated with this membrane exhibited a maximum power density of 7.23 W m-3 with a coulombic efficiency of 28.8%, which was significantly higher than the value obtained using polymeric Nafion membrane. Hence, out of all membranes tested in this study the GO-modified polysiloxane based ceramic membranes are found to have a potential to replace Nafion membranes in pilot scale MFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Ahilan
- University of Bremen, Advanced Ceramics, Am Biologischen Garten 2, IW3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Camila Cabral de Barros
- University of Bremen, Advanced Ceramics, Am Biologischen Garten 2, IW3, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gourav Dhar Bhowmick
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Makarand M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - M Mangir Murshed
- University of Bremen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michaela Wilhelm
- University of Bremen, Advanced Ceramics, Am Biologischen Garten 2, IW3, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Kurosch Rezwan
- University of Bremen, Advanced Ceramics, Am Biologischen Garten 2, IW3, 28359 Bremen, Germany; MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pal M, Sharma RK. Exoelectrogenic response of Pichia fermentans influenced by mediator and reactor design. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:714-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
13
|
Huang T, Song D, Liu L, Zhang S. Cobalt recovery from the stripping solution of spent lithium-ion battery by a three-dimensional microbial fuel cell. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Enhancing the performance of microbial fuel cell using Ag Pt bimetallic alloy as cathode catalyst and anti-biofouling agent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
15
|
Vicari F, Asensio Y, Fernandez-Marchante CM, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Scialdone O, Rodrigo MA. Influence of the initial sludge characteristics and acclimation on the long-term performance of double-compartment acetate-fed microbial fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
16
|
Fernández-Marchante CM, Asensio Y, León LF, Villaseñor J, Cañizares P, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Thermally-treated algal suspensions as fuel for microbial fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Treatment of Mineral Oil Refinery Wastewater in Microbial Fuel Cells Using Ionic Liquid Based Separators. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|