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Xhanari K, Finšgar M. Recent advances in the modification of electrodes for trace metal analysis: a review. Analyst 2023; 148:5805-5821. [PMID: 37697964 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the research published in the last five years on using different compounds and/or materials as modifiers for electrodes employed in trace heavy metal analysis. The main groups of modifiers are identified, and their single or combined application on the surface of the electrodes is discussed. Nanomaterials, film-forming substances, and polymers are among the most used compounds employed mainly in the modification of glassy carbon, screen-printed, and carbon paste electrodes. Composites composed of several compounds and/or materials have also found growing interest in the development of modified electrodes. Environmentally friendly substances and natural products (mainly biopolymers and plant extracts) have continued to be included in the modification of electrodes for trace heavy metal analysis. The main analytical performance parameters of the modified electrodes as well as possible interferences affecting the determination of the target analytes, are discussed. Finally, a critical evaluation of the main findings from these studies and an outlook discussing possible improvements in this area of research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klodian Xhanari
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Boulevard "Zogu I", 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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2
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Beas-Bernuy LC, Cardenas-Riojas AA, Calderon-Zavaleta SL, Quiroz-Aguinaga U, La Rosa-Toro A, López EO, Asencios YJO, Baena-Moncada AM, Muedas-Taipe G. Cd 2+ Detection by an Electrochemical Electrode Based on MWCNT-Orange Peel Activated Carbon. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37341-37352. [PMID: 37841145 PMCID: PMC10569008 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of a new electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) composed of biomass-based orange peel activated carbon (ACOP) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and this composite is used for the electrochemical detection of cadmium ions (Cd2+). The ACOP/MWCNT composite was characterized by FTIR, Raman, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical evaluation of Cd2+ was performed using square wave and cyclic voltammetry. The ACOP/MWCNT-CPE electrochemical sensor exhibited a coefficient of determination r2 of 0.9907, a limit of detection of 0.91 ± 0.79 μmol L-1, and a limit of quantification of 3.00 ± 2.60 μmol L-1. In addition, the developed sensor can selectively detect Cd2+ in the presence of different interferents such as Zn2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ with a relative standard deviation (RSD) close to 100%, carried out in triplicate experiments. The ACOP/MWCNT-CPE presented high sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility and was successfully applied for the detection of Cd2+ in river water samples with recovery rate values ranging from 97.33 to 115.6%, demonstrating to be a very promising analytical alternative for the determination of cadmium ions in this matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C. Beas-Bernuy
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Andy A. Cardenas-Riojas
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Sandy L. Calderon-Zavaleta
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Ulises Quiroz-Aguinaga
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Adolfo La Rosa-Toro
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
- Centro
para el Desarrollo de Materiales Avanzados y Nanotecnología
(CEMAT), Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad
Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Elvis O. López
- Department
of Experimental Low Energy Physics, Brazilian
Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Yvan J. O. Asencios
- Institute
of Marine Sciences, Federal University of
São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua. Maria Máximo, 168, Santos, Sao Paulo 11030-100, Brazil)
| | - Angelica M. Baena-Moncada
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
| | - Golfer Muedas-Taipe
- Laboratorio
de Investigación de Electroquímica of Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional de
Ingeniería, Av.
Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac, Lima 51, Peru
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3
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Yin F, Mo Y, Liu X, Yang H, Zhou D, Cao H, Ye T, Xu F. An ultra-sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on GOCS composite and ion imprinted polymer for the rapid detection of Cd 2+ in food samples. Food Chem 2023; 410:135293. [PMID: 36608557 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor was proposed through the combination of carbon disulfide-functionalized graphene oxide (GOCS) composite with high conductivity and cadmium ion-imprinted polymer (IIP). Using pyrrole as the functional monomer and Cd2+ as the template ion, the IIP was formed by in situ electropolymerization on GOCS composite. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the sensor exhibited a good linear relationship in the range of 0.5-50 μg/L Cd2+ concentration, with the lowest detection limit of 0.23 μg/L. The sensor exhibited not only good selectivity for the determination of Cd2+, but also good repeatability with current response remaining 87.6 % after four cycles. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited similar sensing performance in lettuce, orange and peach with recovery ranging from 82.6 % to 110.63 %. This work is expected to provide an electrochemical sensor with excellent selectivity, good stability and sensitivity for the detection of trace amounts of Cd2+ in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Yin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeling Mo
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianli Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tai Ye
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Rapid Detection, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Yu L, Sun L, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Yang B, Xu B, Xu Q. Nanomaterials-Based Ion-Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors for Heavy Metal Ions Detection: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121096. [PMID: 36551065 PMCID: PMC9775266 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions (HMIs) pose a serious threat to the environment and human body because they are toxic and non-biodegradable and widely exist in environmental ecosystems. It is necessary to develop a rapid, sensitive and convenient method for HMIs detection to provide a strong guarantee for ecology and human health. Ion-imprinted electrochemical sensors (IIECSs) based on nanomaterials have been regarded as an excellent technology because of the good selectivity, the advantages of fast detection speed, low cost, and portability. Electrode surfaces modified with nanomaterials can obtain excellent nano-effects, such as size effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect and surface effect, which greatly improve its surface area and conductivity, so as to improve the detection sensitivity and reduce the detection limit of the sensor. Hence, the present review focused on the fundamentals and the synthetic strategies of ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) and IIECSs for HMIs detection, as well as the applications of various nanomaterials as modifiers and sensitizers in the construction of HMIIECSs and the influence on the sensing performance of the fabricated sensors. Finally, the potential challenges and outlook on the future development of the HMIIECSs technology were also highlighted. By means of the points presented in this review, we hope to provide some help in further developing the preparation methods of high-performance HMIIECSs and expanding their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyun Yu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liangju Sun
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Yawen Zhou
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bairen Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-514-8797-5257 (Q.X.)
| | - Qin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-514-8797-5257 (Q.X.)
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5
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A Critical Review on the Use of Molecular Imprinting for Trace Heavy Metal and Micropollutant Detection. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10080296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition has been described as the “ultimate” form of sensing and plays a fundamental role in biological processes. There is a move towards biomimetic recognition elements to overcome inherent problems of natural receptors such as limited stability, high-cost, and variation in response. In recent years, several alternatives have emerged which have found their first commercial applications. In this review, we focus on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) since they present an attractive alternative due to recent breakthroughs in polymer science and nanotechnology. For example, innovative solid-phase synthesis methods can produce MIPs with sometimes greater affinities than natural receptors. Although industry and environmental agencies require sensors for continuous monitoring, the regulatory barrier for employing MIP-based sensors is still low for environmental applications. Despite this, there are currently no sensors in this area, which is likely due to low profitability and the need for new legislation to promote the development of MIP-based sensors for pollutant and heavy metal monitoring. The increased demand for point-of-use devices and home testing kits is driving an exponential growth in biosensor production, leading to an expected market value of over GPB 25 billion by 2023. A key requirement of point-of-use devices is portability, since the test must be conducted at “the time and place” to pinpoint sources of contamination in food and/or water samples. Therefore, this review will focus on MIP-based sensors for monitoring pollutants and heavy metals by critically evaluating relevant literature sources from 1993 to 2022.
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Using Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Ion Imprinted Polymer and MWCNT for Electrochemical Quantification of Methylmercury in Natural Water Samples. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060376. [PMID: 35735524 PMCID: PMC9221305 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is one of the most toxic organic mercury compounds found in the environment. The continuous exposure of human beings to this highly toxic compound may damage their nervous system. The present work reports the development and application of a novel electrochemical sensing technique for the quantification of MeHg using a modified carbon paste electrode with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) combined with ion imprinted polymer, which is highly selective toward MeHg (CPE/MWCNTs/IIP-MeHg) detection. The ion imprinted polymer was synthesized using 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), acrylic acid (AA) and MeHg employed as ligand, functional monomer and template ion, respectively, and the synthesized material was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDX. Both the proposed and control sensors were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical measurements were carried out using differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV), and a well-defined anodic peak observed at about +0.138 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was recorded for MeHg. The application of the CPE/MWCNTs/IIP-MeHg sensor (which increased the charge transfer on the electrode surface) under the DPSV-based electrochemical method (which enhanced the signal intensity) made the detection technique highly sensitive and selective for the quantification of methylmercury. Under optimum experimental conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited a linear response range of 560–610 µg L−1 and a detection limit of 0.538 µg L−1, with acceptable relative error values ≤1% when applied for the detection of MeHg in real water samples.
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7
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Hashami ZS, Taheri A, Alikarami M. Synthesis of a magnetic SBA-15-NH 2@Dual-Template Imprinted Polymer for solid phase extraction and determination of Pb and Cd in vegetables; Box Behnken design. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339262. [PMID: 35397913 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple one-step method was applied for extraction and determination of lead and cadmium. The significant variables in extraction and pre-concentration were identified using analysis of variance and their behavior was modeled. Dual-template imprinted polymer was synthesized on modified Mesoporous silica structures coated with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The optimum condition was 6.12 for pH, 40.62 mg for the polymer amount and 17.38 for the ultrasonic time. Concentration range, correlation coefficient, limit of detection and relative standard deviation for lead were reported to be 0.5-950, 0.9988, 0.35 μg L-1 and 3.5%, respectively. For cadmium the above mentioned figure of merits were 0.3-980, 0.9969, 0.15 μg L-1 and 2.4%, respectively. The adsorption capacities for lead and cadmium were reported to be 10.28 and 10.38, while their imprinting factors were 5.89 and 6.36, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Taheri
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Alikarami
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran
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8
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Hojatpanah MR, Khanmohammadi A, Khoshsafar H, Hajian A, Bagheri H. Construction and application of a novel electrochemical sensor for trace determination of uranium based on ion-imprinted polymers modified glassy carbon electrode. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133435. [PMID: 34958794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel electrochemical sensor modified glassy carbon electrode with ion-imprinted polymers (IIP-GCE) was applied for uranyl ions (UO22+) determination. Surface modifier was synthesized through precipitation polymerization method, using acrylic acid as a monomer, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as cross-linker. A new uranyl-trans-3-(3-pyridyl) acrylic acid complex was employed, serving as an active and specific site on the synthesized modifier. Next, the synthesized modifier was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. UO22+ ions were detected using a differential pulse adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry method. Under the optimized conditions (pH = 8.0, pre-concentration time = 10 min and pre-concentration potential = -0.30 V), the modified electrode exhibited linear behavior in the interval of 1.27-95.49 μg.L-1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.43 μg.L-1. Also, the constructed ion-imprinted sensor showed a successful application for determining UO22+ ions with recovery range of 97.6-101% in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Hojatpanah
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Khanmohammadi
- Research and Development Department, Farin Behbood Tashkhis LTD, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosin Khoshsafar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hajian
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ren Z, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang F, Tian S, Zhou Z. Adsorption of rubidium ion from aqueous solution by surface ion imprinted materials. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Mukherjee S, Bhattacharyya S, Ghosh K, Pal S, Halder A, Naseri M, Mohammadniaei M, Sarkar S, Ghosh A, Sun Y, Bhattacharyya N. Sensory development for heavy metal detection: A review on translation from conventional analysis to field-portable sensor. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Arsenic selective adsorption using a nanomagnetic ion imprinted polymer: Optimization, equilibrium, and regeneration studies. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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13
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14
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Banihashemi M, Dalali N, Sehati N, Farajmand B. Decoration of Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO as a high performance nanosorbent on a stir bar microextraction device for preconcentration and determination of cadmium in real water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Wang L, Wang Z, Zhou C, Song W, Sun C. Potentiometric microsensor based on ion-imprinted polymer for the trace determination of cesium(I) ions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1730886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Cuo Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Weijun Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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16
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Dahaghin Z, Kilmartin PA, Mousavi HZ. Novel ion imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor for the selective detection of lead(II). Food Chem 2020; 303:125374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Zhang X, Wang H, Sun X, Shang H, Di Y, Zhao Z. Preparation and properties of thermo-sensitive surface Pb(Ⅱ) ion-imprinted polymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Sacara AM, Pitzalis F, Salis A, Turdean GL, Muresan LM. Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Ordered Mesoporous Silica for the Electrochemical Detection of Cadmium Ions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1410-1415. [PMID: 31459408 PMCID: PMC6648308 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four different samples of ordered mesoporous silica powders (MCM-41 and SBA-15) and amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (MCM-41-NH2 and SBA-15-NH2) were used to prepare modified glassy carbon electrodes coated with ion-exchange polymer Nafion to be used for the electrochemical detection of Cd(II). The mesoporous silica samples were characterized through transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and N2-adsorption/desorption isotherms. The electrodes were characterized by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The effect of pH and of the silica type on the electrodes' response was investigated. The influence of amino functional groups grafted on the silica surface toward Cd(II) ion detection was also examined. The detection limits determined with the new silica-modified electrodes [between 0.36 and 1.68 μM Cd(II)] are slightly higher than those reported in the literature, but they are lower than those stipulated in the European legislation [45 μM Cd(II)] and, consequently, the electrodes could be successfully used to detect Cd(II) in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Sacara
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, “Babes-Bolyai”
University, 11, Arany
Janos Street, 40028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Federica Pitzalis
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, CSGI, and CNBS, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Salis
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, CSGI, and CNBS, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Graziella Liana Turdean
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, “Babes-Bolyai”
University, 11, Arany
Janos Street, 40028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liana Maria Muresan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, “Babes-Bolyai”
University, 11, Arany
Janos Street, 40028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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19
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Waheed A, Mansha M, Ullah N. Nanomaterials-based electrochemical detection of heavy metals in water: Current status, challenges and future direction. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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