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Xie F. Natural polymer starch-based materials for flexible electronic sensor development: A review of recent progress. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122116. [PMID: 38710566 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In response to the burgeoning interest in the development of highly conformable and resilient flexible electronic sensors capable of transducing diverse physical stimuli, this review investigates the pivotal role of natural polymers, specifically those derived from starch, in crafting sustainable and biocompatible sensing materials. Expounding on cutting-edge research, the exploration delves into innovative strategies employed to leverage the distinctive attributes of starch in conjunction with other polymers for the fabrication of advanced sensors. The comprehensive discussion encompasses a spectrum of starch-based materials, spanning all-starch-based gels to starch-based soft composites, meticulously scrutinizing their applications in constructing resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric sensors. These intricately designed sensors exhibit proficiency in detecting an array of stimuli, including strain, temperature, humidity, liquids, and enzymes, thereby playing a pivotal role in the continuous and non-invasive monitoring of human body motions, physiological signals, and environmental conditions. The review highlights the intricate interplay between material properties, sensor design, and sensing performance, emphasizing the unique advantages conferred by starch-based materials, such as self-adhesiveness, self-healability, and re-processibility facilitated by dynamic bonding. In conclusion, the paper outlines current challenges and future research opportunities in this evolving field, offering valuable insights for prospective investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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2
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Vasudevan M, Perumal V, Karuppanan S, Ovinis M, Bothi Raja P, Gopinath SCB, Immanuel Edison TNJ. A Comprehensive Review on Biopolymer Mediated Nanomaterial Composites and Their Applications in Electrochemical Sensors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:1871-1894. [PMID: 36288094 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2135090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers are an attractive green alternative to conventional polymers, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, their amorphous and nonconductive nature limits their potential as active biosensor material/substrate. To enhance their bio-analytical performance, biopolymers are combined with conductive materials to improve their physical and chemical characteristics. We review the main advances in the field of electrochemical biosensors, specifically the structure, approach, and application of biopolymers, as well as their conjugation with conductive nanoparticles, polymers and metal oxides in green-based noninvasive analytical biosensors. In addition, we reviewed signal measurement, substrate bio-functionality, biochemical reaction, sensitivity, and limit of detection (LOD) of different biopolymers on various transducers. To date, pectin biopolymer, when conjugated with either gold nanoparticles, polypyrrole, reduced graphene oxide, or multiwall carbon nanotubes forming nanocomposites on glass carbon electrode transducer, tends to give the best LOD, highest sensitivity and can detect multiple analytes/targets. This review will spur new possibilities for the use of biosensors for medical diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugashini Vasudevan
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Veeradasan Perumal
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructures and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Karuppanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Mark Ovinis
- School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pandian Bothi Raja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Kangar 01000 & Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Arau 02600, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Pauh Campus, Perlis, Malaysia
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Vicentini FC, Silva LRG, Stefano JS, Lima ARF, Prakash J, Bonacin JA, Janegitz BC. Starch-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS & DEVICES 2022. [PMCID: PMC9510496 DOI: 10.1007/s44174-022-00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural green compounds for sensor modification (binders) are challenging in electrochemistry. Starch is a carbohydrate biopolymer that has been used extensively in the development of biomaterials for the food industry due to its ability to impart textural characteristics and provide gelling or film formation. In particular, the excellent film-forming characteristics have been used for the development of new surface modifying architectures for electrodes. Here, we highlight a very comprehensive overview of the properties of interest of various types of starch in conjunction with (bio)materials in the chemical modification of sensors and biosensors. Throughout the review, we first give an introduction to the extraction, applications, and properties of starches followed by an overview of the prospects and their possible applications in electrochemical sensors and biosensors. In this context, we discuss some important characteristics of starches and different strategies of their film formation with an emphasis on their role in the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors highlighting their main contributions to enhancing the performance of these devices and their applications in environmental and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C. Vicentini
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, Buri, SP 18290-000 Brazil
| | - Luiz R. G. Silva
- Laboratory of Sensors, Nanomedicine, and Nanostructured Materials (LSNano), Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, São Paulo 13600-970 Brazil
| | - Jéssica S. Stefano
- Laboratory of Sensors, Nanomedicine, and Nanostructured Materials (LSNano), Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, São Paulo 13600-970 Brazil
| | - Alan R. F. Lima
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, Buri, SP 18290-000 Brazil
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh 177005 India
| | - Juliano A. Bonacin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-859 Brazil
| | - Bruno C. Janegitz
- Laboratory of Sensors, Nanomedicine, and Nanostructured Materials (LSNano), Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, São Paulo 13600-970 Brazil
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Orzari LO, Assumpção MHMT, Nandenha J, Neto AO, Junior LHM, Bergamini M, Janegitz BC. Pd, Ag and Bi carbon-supported electrocatalysts as electrochemical multifunctional materials for ethanol oxidation and dopamine determination. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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de Souza DC, Orzari LO, de Oliveira PR, Kalinke C, Bonacin JA, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF, Janegitz BC. Electrochemical Sensor Based on Beeswax and Carbon Black Thin Biofilms for Determination of Paraquat in Apis mellifera Honey. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Peregrino P, Cavallari MR, Fonseca FJ, Moreira SGC, Sales MJ, Paterno LG. Starch-Mediated Immobilization, Photochemical Reduction, and Gas Sensitivity of Graphene Oxide Films. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5001-5012. [PMID: 32201786 PMCID: PMC7081415 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work unveils the roles played by potato starch (ST) in the immobilization, photochemical reduction, and gas sensitivity of graphene oxide (GO) films. The ST/GO films are assembled layer by layer (LbL) onto quartz substrates by establishing mutual hydrogen bonds that drive a stepwise film growth, with equal amounts of materials being adsorbed in each deposition cycle. Afterward, the films are photochemically reduced with UV irradiation (254 nm), following a first-order kinetics that proceeds much faster when GO is assembled along with ST instead of a nonoxygenated polyelectrolyte, namely, poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) hydrochloride (PDAC). Finally, the gas-sensing performance of ST/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and PDAC/RGO sensors fabricated via LbL atop of gold interdigitated microelectrodes is evaluated at different relative humidity levels and in different concentrations of ammonia, ethanol, and acetone. In comparison to the PDAC/RGO sensor, the ones containing ST are much more sensitive, especially when operating in a high-relative-humidity environment. An array comprising these chemical sensors provides unique electrical fingerprints for each of the investigated analytes and is capable of discriminating and quantifying them in a wide range of concentrations, from 10 to 1000 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla
P. Peregrino
- Laboratório
de Pesquisa em Polímeros e Nanomateriais, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Marco R. Cavallari
- Universidade
Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Engenharia de
Energia, Foz do
Iguaçú, PR 85866-000, Brazil
- Departamento
de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05424-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando J. Fonseca
- Departamento
de Engenharia de Sistemas Eletrônicos, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05424-970, Brazil
| | - Sanclayton G. C. Moreira
- Instituto
de Ciências Exatas e Naturais (ICEN), Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Maria José
A. Sales
- Laboratório
de Pesquisa em Polímeros e Nanomateriais, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo G. Paterno
- Laboratório
de Pesquisa em Polímeros e Nanomateriais, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70904-970, Brazil
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