Employment of Pd nanoparticles at the structure of poly aminohippuric acid as a nanocomposite for hydrogen peroxide detection

Voltammetric determination of hydrogen peroxide at decorated palladium nanoparticles/poly 1,5-diaminonaphthalene modified carbon-paste electrode

In this work, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs)/p1,5-DAN/ carbon paste electrode (CPE) and p1,5-DAN/CPE sensors have been developed for determination of hydrogen peroxide. Both sensors showed a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical behaviour, which were derived from a large specific area of poly 1,5 DAN and super excellent electroconductibility of PdNPs. PdNPs/p1,5-DAN/CPE exhibited excellent performance over p1,5-DAN/CPE. Thus, it was used for detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with linear ranges of 0.1 to 250 µM and 0.2 to 300 µM as well as detection limits (S/N = 3) of 1.0 and 5.0 nM for square wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (C.V) techniques, respectively. The modified CPE has good reproducibility, adequate catalytic activity, simple synthesis and stability of peak response during H2O2 oxidation on long run that exceeds many probes. Both reproducibility and stability for H2O2 detection are attributable to the PdNPs immobilized on the surface of p1,5-DAN/CPE. The modified CPE was used for determining H2O2 in real specimens with good stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility.

An overview on nanoplatforms for statins delivery: Perspectives for safe and effective therapy

Statins are the most widely used pharmacological agents for reducing blood cholesterol levels and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Most of the statins' derivatives have been limited by water solubility, bioavailability, and oral absorption, which has led to adverse effects on several organs, especially at high doses. As an approach to reducing statin intolerance, achieving a stable formulation with improved efficacy and bioavailability at low doses has been suggested. Nanotechnology-based formulations may provide a therapeutic benefit over traditional formulations in terms of potency and biosafety. Nanocarriers can provide tailored delivery platforms for statins, thereby enhancing the localized biological effects and lowering the risk of undesired side effects while boosting statin's therapeutic index. Furthermore, tailored nanoparticles can deliver the active cargo to the desired site, which culminates in reducing off-targeting and toxicity. Nanomedicine could also provide opportunities for therapeutic methods by personalized medicine. This review delves into the existing data on the potential improvement of statin therapy using nano-formulations.

Properties and Recent Advantages of N,N’-dialkylimidazolium-ion Liquids Application in Electrochemistry

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N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium-ion liquids is one of the important ionic liquids with a wide range of application as conductive electrolyte and in electrochemistry. The modified electrodes create a new view in fabrication of electroanalytical sensors. Many modifiers have beeen suggested for modification of electroanalytical sensor since many years ago. Over these years, ionic liquids and especially room temperature ionic liquids have attracted more attention due to their wide range of electrochemical windows and high electrical conductivity. N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium-ion liquids are one of the main important ionic liquids suggested for modification of bare electrodes and especially carbon paste electrodes. Although many review articles have reported onthe use of ionic liquids in electrochemical sensors, no review article has been specifically introduced so far on the review of the advantages of N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquid. Therefore, in this review paper we focused on the introduction of recent advantages of N,Nʹ-dialkyl imidazolium ionic liquid in electrochemistry.

Electrodeposition of Silver in a Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent and the Electrochemical Sensing Ability of the Ag-Modified Electrode for Nitrofurazone

The determination of nitrofurazone (NFZ) has received substantial attention because it is a kind of antibiotic drug. Herein, a rapid and low-cost electrochemical sensor for the analysis of NFZ is reported. The method uses Ag-modified electrodes in which different surfactants, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate, in a ternary choline chloride-urea-glycerol deep eutectic solvent were deposited. The physical properties of the solutions with various surfactants are investigated by a conductivity meter, viscometer, and tensiometer. The morphologies and crystallinity of the Ag-modified electrodes were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and CV analyses indicate that the as-prepared Ag-SDS electrode exhibited better performance as a NFZ sensor. The dynamic linear range of NFZ is 0.66-930 μM with a corresponding detection limit of 0.37 μM. The proposed electrochemical sensor was applied to detect NFZ in the aquaculture water sample, and the results showed good recovery in the range from 100.28 to 102.65%.

Calix[4]arene Derivative-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode: A New Sensing Platform for Rapid, Simultaneous, and Picomolar Detection of Zn(II), Pb(II), As(III), and Hg(II)

The glassy carbon electrode was fabricated with multifunctional bis-triazole-appended calix[4]arene and then used for the simultaneous detection of Zn(II), Pb(II), As(III), and Hg(II). Before applying the square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry, the sensitivity and precision of the modified electrode was assured by optimizing various conditions such as the modifier concentration, pH of the solution, deposition potential, accumulation time, and supporting electrolytes. The modified glassy carbon electrode was found to be responsive up to picomolar limits for the aforementioned heavy metal ions, which is a concentration limit much lower than the threshold level permitted by the World Health Organization. Importantly, the designed sensing platform showed anti-interference ability, good stability, repeatability, reproducibility, and applicability for the detection of multiple metal ions. The detection limits obtained for Zn(II), Pb(II), As(III), and Hg(II) are 66.3, 14.6, 71.9, and 28.9 pM, respectively.