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Sitkov N, Ryabko A, Moshnikov V, Aleshin A, Kaplun D, Zimina T. Hybrid Impedimetric Biosensors for Express Protein Markers Detection. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:181. [PMID: 38398911 PMCID: PMC10890403 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Impedimetric biosensors represent a powerful and promising tool for studying and monitoring biological processes associated with proteins and can contribute to the development of new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The basic principles, analytical methods, and applications of hybrid impedimetric biosensors for express protein detection in biological fluids are described. The advantages of this type of biosensors, such as simplicity and speed of operation, sensitivity and selectivity of analysis, cost-effectiveness, and an ability to be integrated into hybrid microfluidic systems, are demonstrated. Current challenges and development prospects in this area are analyzed. They include (a) the selection of materials for electrodes and formation of nanostructures on their surface; (b) the development of efficient methods for biorecognition elements' deposition on the electrodes' surface, providing the specificity and sensitivity of biosensing; (c) the reducing of nonspecific binding and interference, which could affect specificity; (d) adapting biosensors to real samples and conditions of operation; (e) expanding the range of detected proteins; and, finally, (f) the development of biosensor integration into large microanalytical system technologies. This review could be useful for researchers working in the field of impedimetric biosensors for protein detection, as well as for those interested in the application of this type of biosensor in biomedical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sitkov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Ryabko
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Vyacheslav Moshnikov
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
| | - Andrey Aleshin
- Laboratory of Nonequilibrium Processes in Semiconductors, Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kaplun
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China;
- Department of Automation and Control Processes, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Zimina
- Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.M.); (T.Z.)
- Engineering Centre for Microtechnology and Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Altay DN, Yagar H, Ozcan HM. A new ITO-based Aβ 42 biosensor for early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108501. [PMID: 37421689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel label-free impedimetric immunosensor was fabricated for rapid, selective, and sensitive quantitative analysis of Aβ42 protein for use in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The immunosensor was fabricated using inexpensive and disposable indium tin oxide polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) electrodes. After the electrodes were modified with 3-glycidoxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane (GPDMMS), the antibody specific to the Aβ42 protein (anti-Aβ42) was immobilized. The affinity interaction between anti-Aβ42 and Aβ42 in the immobilization steps in immunosensor fabrication and in the quantitation of Aβ42 were analyzed using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) techniques. Additionally, the morphological changes occurring on the electrode surface during each immobilization step were imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The linear detection range of the immunosensor was determined as 1-100 pg/mL with the limit of detection value of 0.37 pg/mL. Analytical properties of the biosensor, including reproducibility, repeatability, storage stability, selectivity, and regeneration were investigated. The kinetic behavior of antibody-antigen complex formation was determined for the first time using single frequency impedance (SFI) analysis on an Aβ42 biosensor. The potential for use of the immunosensor in clinical studies was demonstrated by analysis of Aβ42 in commercially purchased human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Nur Altay
- Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Hulya Yagar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Hakki Mevlut Ozcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
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Randviir EP, Banks CE. A review of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for bioanalytical sensors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4602-4624. [PMID: 36342043 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00970f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. This review uses a systematic approach to examine how electrodes are tailored for use in EIS-based applications, describing the chemistries involved in sensor design, and discusses trends in the use of bio-based and non-bio-based electrodes. The review finds that immunosensors are the most prevalent sensor strategy that employs EIS as a quantification technique for target species. The review also finds that bio-based electrodes, though capable of detecting small molecules, are most applicable for the detection of complex molecules. Non-bio-based sensors are more often employed for simpler molecules and less often have applications for complex systems. We surmise that EIS has advanced in terms of electrode designs since our last review on the subject, although there are still inconsistencies in terms of equivalent circuit modelling for some sensor types. Removal of ambiguity from equivalent circuit models may help advance EIS as a choice detection method, allowing for lower limits of detection than traditional electrochemical methods such as voltammetry or amperometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Randviir
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, UK.
| | - Craig E Banks
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, UK.
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Li Z, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhai J, Liao G, Wang Z, Ning C. Development of electroactive materials-based immunosensor towards early-stage cancer detection. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yan L, Xu S, Xi F. Disposal Immunosensor for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen Based on Amino-Rich Nanochannels Array-Modified Patterned Indium Tin Oxide Electrode. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213810. [PMID: 36364585 PMCID: PMC9658386 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigens (PSA) in serum is essential for the prevention and early treatment of prostate cancer. Simple and disposable electrochemical immunosensors are highly desirable for screening and mobile detection of PSAs in high-risk populations. Here, an electrochemical immunosensor was constructed based on amino-rich nanochannels array-modified patterned, inexpensive, and disposable indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, which can be employed for the sensitive detection of PSA. Using an amino-group-containing precursor, a vertically ordered mesoporous silica nanochannel film (VMSF) containing amino groups (NH2-VMSF) was rapidly grown on ITO. When NH2-VMSF contained template surfactant micelle (SM), the outer surface of NH2-VMSF was directionally modified by aldehyde groups, which enabled further covalent immobilization of the recognitive antibody to prepare the immuno-recognitive interface. Owing to the charge-based selective permeability, NH2-VMSF can electrostatically adsorb negatively charged redox probes in solution (Fe(CN)63-/4-). The electrochemical detection of PSA is realized based on the mechanism that the antigen-antibody complex can reduce the diffusion of redox probes in solution to the underlying electrode, leading to the decrease in electrochemical signal. The constructed immunosensor can achieve sensitive detection of PSA in the range from 10 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.1 pg/mL. Sensitive detection of PSA in human serum was also achieved. The proposed disposable immunosensor based on cheap electrode and nanochannel array is expected to provide a new idea for developing a universal immunosensing platform for sensitive detection of tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fengna Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Uludağ İ, Sezgintürk MK. Ultrasensitive and Cost-Effective Detection of Neuropeptide-Y by a Disposable Immunosensor: A New Functionalization Route for Indium-Tin Oxide Surface. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:925. [PMID: 36354435 PMCID: PMC9688368 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the human brain, and its levels in the blood change in neurodegenerative and neuroimmune disorders. This indicates that NPY may serve as a diagnostic and monitoring marker for associated disorders. In this paper, an electrochemical immunosensor was created to detect NPY biomarkers using a novel immobilization technique. The proposed biosensor system enables accurate, specific, cost-effective, and practical biomarker analysis. Indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) sheets were treated with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDC) to covalently immobilize antibodies. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were used to analyze each step of the biosensors. The proposed NPY biosensor has a broad linear detection range (0.01-100 pg mL-1), a low limit of detection (LOD) (0.02968 pg mL-1), and a low limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.0989 pg mL-1). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to support in the optimization process, study the surface morphology, and visualize it. Studies of repeatability, reproducibility, storage, and Kramers-Kronig transformation were conducted during electrochemical characterization. After analytical experiments, the biosensor's responses to human serum samples were evaluated. According to the obtained data, the error margin is small, and the created biosensor offers a great deal of promise for the clinical measurement of NPY.
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Meng X, Xing Z, Hu X, Chen Y. Large-area Flexible Organic Solar Cells: Printing Technologies and Modular Design. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zhang-Peng X, Wei H, Ma J, Li Y, Chen Y, Cui F, Hu F, Du Y. Molecularly imprinted flexible sensor based on nitrogen-doped graphene for selective determination of formononetin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 217:114805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang Y, Sun B, Wei H, Li Y, Hu F, Du X, Chen J. Investigating immunosensor for determination of depression marker-Apo-A4 based on patterning AuNPs and N-Gr nanomaterials onto ITO-PET flexible electrodes with amplifying signal. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1224:340217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Uludağ İ, Sezgintürk MK. A direct and simple immobilization route for immunosensors by CNBr activation for covalent attachment of anti-leptin: obesity diagnosis point of view. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:33. [PMID: 35070623 PMCID: PMC8724356 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone produced in adipose tissue that works as an antiobesity hormone by balancing energy intake and expenditure. We aimed to develop an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on a novel immobilization technique for the early detection of leptin-related diseases in this work. Although several methods for immobilizing antibodies to the biosensor recognition element are known, it is necessary to utilize novel, cost-effective, and less complicated immobilization procedures. When compared with currently utilized immobilization techniques for leptin measurement, this novel method is more efficient, easy to prepare, and sensitive, with a broad detection range. Indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) sheets were used as the working electrode. ITO-PET sheets were modified using cyanogen bromide (CNBr) to immobilize the anti-leptin antibody through covalent interactions. Each stage of the proposed biosensors was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods, and extensive characterization studies were carried out. The designed biosensor has a wide linear detection range (0.05-100 pg/mL), low limits of detection (LOD) (0.0086 pg/mL) and quantification (LOQ) (0.0287 pg/mL). It was concluded that although it is disposable, the ITO-PET working electrode retains its activity even in repeated studies. In addition, the new immobilization procedure provided by CNBr for the designed biosensor fabrication can be effectively used in other biosensing applications. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03096-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- İnci Uludağ
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Suni II. Substrate Materials for Biomolecular Immobilization within Electrochemical Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:239. [PMID: 34356710 PMCID: PMC8301891 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors have potential applications for agriculture, food safety, environmental monitoring, sports medicine, biomedicine, and other fields. One of the primary challenges in this field is the immobilization of biomolecular probes atop a solid substrate material with adequate stability, storage lifetime, and reproducibility. This review summarizes the current state of the art for covalent bonding of biomolecules onto solid substrate materials. Early research focused on the use of Au electrodes, with immobilization of biomolecules through ω-functionalized Au-thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), but stability is usually inadequate due to the weak Au-S bond strength. Other noble substrates such as C, Pt, and Si have also been studied. While their nobility has the advantage of ensuring biocompatibility, it also has the disadvantage of making them relatively unreactive towards covalent bond formation. With the exception of Sn-doped In2O3 (indium tin oxide, ITO), most metal oxides are not electrically conductive enough for use within electrochemical biosensors. Recent research has focused on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2 and on electrically conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene. In addition, the deposition of functionalized thin films from aryldiazonium cations has attracted significant attention as a substrate-independent method for biofunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ivar Suni
- Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; ; Tel.: +1-618-453-7822
- School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Tarimeri N, Sezgintürk MK. A High Sensitive, Reproducible and Disposable Immunosensor for Analysis of SOX2. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Tarimeri
- Ege University, Faculty of Engineering Bioengineering Department İzmir Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering Bioengineering Department Çanakkale Turkey
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