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Grdeń M, Próchniak M. Electrode Surface Coverage with Deposit Generated Under Conditions of Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth. A Mathematical Analysis. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe theory of the diffusion limited electrochemical nucleation and growth of a deposit consisting of isolated 3D hemispherical nuclei has been re-analysed. The analysis focuses on a widely discussed model which assumes formation of “diffusion zones” around the growing nuclei. It has been proposed in the literature that the deposit-free fraction of the surface area of the substrate can be directly calculated from the substrate coverage with the “diffusion zones”. The aim of this work is to analyse whether such an approach can be applied for the growth of isolated 3D hemispherical nuclei. This is accomplished by evaluation of equations which describe nuclei radii at various stages of the deposition process. The formulae allow determining the substrate surface coverage with the growing deposit. This, in turn, allows simulating and analysing faradaic currents due to other than the electrodeposition reactions which take place at the deposit-free fraction of the substrate surface. Both instantaneous and progressive modes of the nucleation are discussed and the influence of the nucleation type on the faradaic currents is outlined. A comparison with other approaches reported in the literature indicates that the deposit-free fraction of the substrate surface may not always be determined by means of recalculation of the substrate coverage with the “diffusion zones”.
Graphical abstract
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Roy D, Biswas S, Halder S, Chanda N, Mandal S. Efficient Point-of-Care Detection of Uric Acid in the Human Blood Sample with an Enhanced Electrocatalytic Response Using Nanocomposites of Cobalt and Mixed-Valent Molybdenum Sulfide. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4191-4202. [PMID: 36027582 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work efficiently detects uric acid (UA) in a human blood sample using cobalt nanoparticle-immobilized mixed-valent molybdenum sulfide on the copper substrate in a point-of-care (PoC) device. The sensor electrode was fabricated by micromachining of Cu clad boards employing an engraver to generate a three-electrode system consisting of working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE), and counter electrode (CE). The WE was subjected to physical vapor deposition of mixed-valent MoSx layers by a reaction between Mo(CO)6 and H2S at ∼200 °C using a simple setup following which CoNPs were electrochemically deposited. The RE and CE were covered with Ag/AgCl and Ag paste, respectively. A plasma separation membrane acted as the medium of UA/blood serum delivery to the electrodes. The material and electrochemical characterization confirmed that CoNPs over MoSx provided an enlarged electroactive surface for the direct electron transfer to achieve an enhanced electrocatalytic response. The binary combination of CoNPs and MoSx layers over the Cu electrode reduced the charge-transfer resistance by two times, enhanced the surface adsorption by more than two times, and yielded a high diffusion coefficient of 3.46 × 10-3 cm2/s. These interfacial effects facilitated the UA oxidation, leading to unprecedented mA range current density for UA sensing for the PoC device. The electrochemical detection tests in the PoC device revealed a sensitivity of 64.7 μA/μM cm-2, which is ∼50 times higher compared to the latest reported value (1.23 μA/μM cm-2), a high limit of detection of 5 nM, and shelf life of 6 months, confirming the synergistic effect-mediated high sensitivity under PoC settings. Interference tests confirmed no intervention of similar analytes. Tests on blood samples demonstrated a recovery percentage close to 100% in human serum UA, signifying the suitability of the nanocomposite-based sensor and the PoC device for clinical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Roy
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shauvik Biswas
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurav Halder
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Nripen Chanda
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soumen Mandal
- Materials Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Road, City Center, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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El-Jemni MA, Abdel-Samad HS, AlKordi MH, Hassan HH. Normalization of the EOR catalytic efficiency measurements based on RRDE study for simply fabricated cost-effective Co/graphite electrode for DAEFCs. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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El-Jemni MA, Abdel-Samad HS, Hassan HH. On the deconvolution of the concurrent cathodic processes with cobalt deposition onto graphite from feebly acidic bath. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim K, Candeago R, Rim G, Raymond D, Park AHA, Su X. Electrochemical approaches for selective recovery of critical elements in hydrometallurgical processes of complex feedstocks. iScience 2021; 24:102374. [PMID: 33997673 PMCID: PMC8091062 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical minerals are essential for the ever-increasing urban and industrial activities in modern society. The shift to cost-efficient and ecofriendly urban mining can be an avenue to replace the traditional linear flow of virgin-mined materials. Electrochemical separation technologies provide a sustainable approach to metal recovery, through possible integration with renewable energy, the minimization of external chemical input, as well as reducing secondary pollution. In this review, recent advances in electrochemically mediated technologies for metal recovery are discussed, with a focus on rare earth elements and other key critical materials for the modern circular economy. Given the extreme heterogeneity of hydrometallurgically-derived media of complex feedstocks, we focus on the nature of molecular selectivity in various electrochemically assisted recovery techniques. Finally, we provide a perspective on the challenges and opportunities for process intensification in critical materials recycling, especially through combining electrochemical and hydrometallurgical separation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwiyong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Riccardo Candeago
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Guanhe Rim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Darien Raymond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ah-Hyung Alissa Park
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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