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Lorencova L, Kasak P, Kosutova N, Jerigova M, Noskovicova E, Vikartovska A, Barath M, Farkas P, Tkac J. MXene-based electrochemical devices applied for healthcare applications. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:88. [PMID: 38206460 PMCID: PMC10784403 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The initial part of the review provides an extensive overview about MXenes as novel and exciting 2D nanomaterials describing their basic physico-chemical features, methods of their synthesis, and possible interfacial modifications and techniques, which could be applied to the characterization of MXenes. Unique physico-chemical parameters of MXenes make them attractive for many practical applications, which are shortly discussed. Use of MXenes for healthcare applications is a hot scientific discipline which is discussed in detail. The article focuses on determination of low molecular weight analytes (metabolites), high molecular weight analytes (DNA/RNA and proteins), or even cells, exosomes, and viruses detected using electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Separate chapters are provided to show the potential of MXene-based devices for determination of cancer biomarkers and as wearable sensors and biosensors for monitoring of a wide range of human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Natalia Kosutova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Jerigova
- International Laser Center, Slovak Center of Scientific and Technical Information, Ilkovicova 3, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Noskovicova
- International Laser Center, Slovak Center of Scientific and Technical Information, Ilkovicova 3, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Barath
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Farkas
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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2
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Du C, Zhang Z, Qiao W, Jia L, Zhang F, Chang M, Liu X, Guo L, Li Y. Expression and purification of epitope vaccine against four virulence proteins from Helicobacter pylori and construction of label-free electrochemical immunosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115720. [PMID: 37804573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The epitope vaccine against four virulence proteins (FVpE) from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was expressed and purified. Western blot and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) were used to identify and investigate the immunoreactivity of FVpE protein. The immune-sensing platform based on titanium carbide/colloidal gold nanoparticles@carbon nanofiber/ionic liquid composites electrode was constructed for immobilizing FVpE. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes. The relevant influenced factors were optimized including pH value, antigen concentration, and incubating time. The prepared H. pylori label-free electrochemical immunosensor was used for antibody detection using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear ranges of H. pylori antibodies, including anti-H. pylori, cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin-associated gene A (VacA), and urease A (UreA), were all 0.1-5 ng mL-1, except urease B (UreB, 0.1-4.5 ng mL-1). The selectivity study showed that other antibodies had little influence on the detection of H. pylori antibodies. The immunosensor could be used to detect serum samples, and the recoveries were in the range of 68.5%-100.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Special Needs Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, PR China
| | - Wenli Qiao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Leina Jia
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Furui Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Mengjun Chang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
| | - Le Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
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3
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Solangi NH, Mubarak NM, Karri RR, Mazari SA, Jatoi AS. Advanced growth of 2D MXene for electrochemical sensors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115279. [PMID: 36706895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, electroanalysis has made significant advancements, particularly in developing electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical sensors generally include emerging Photoelectrochemical and Electrochemiluminescence sensors, which combine optical techniques and traditional electrochemical bio/non-biosensors. Numerous EC-detecting methods have also been designed for commercial applications to detect biological and non-biological markers for various diseases. Analytical applications have recently focused significantly on one of the novel nanomaterials, the MXene. This material is being extensively investigated for applications in electrochemical sensors due to its unique mechanical, electronic, optical, active functional groups and thermal characteristics. This study extensively discusses the salient features of MXene-based electrochemical sensors, photoelectrochemical sensors, enzyme-based biosensors, immunosensors, aptasensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors, and electrochemical non-biosensors. In addition, their performance in detecting various substances and contaminants is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects the MXene-based electrochemical sensors are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Hussain Solangi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Shaukat Ali Mazari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Sattar Jatoi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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4
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Jiang Y, Yang M, Yu M, Huang L, Ke Y, Yang L. β-Cyclodextrin-functionalized Ti 3C 2T x MXene nanohybrids as innovative signal amplifiers for the electrochemical sandwich-like immunosensing of squamous cell carcinoma antigen. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1336-1344. [PMID: 36810629 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01716d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a simple and highly sensitive electrochemical sandwich-like immunosensor for the squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) was constructed using gold nanoparticle/graphene nanosheet (Au/GN) nanohybrids as a sensing platform and β-cyclodextrin/Ti3C2Tx MXenes (β-CD/Ti3C2Tx) as a signal amplifier. The good biocompatibility and large surface area as well as the high conductivity of Au/GN allow the platform to load primary antibodies (Ab1) and facilitate electron transport. In the case of the β-CD/Ti3C2Tx nanohybrids, the β-CD molecule is dedicated to binding secondary antibodies (Ab2) through host-guest interactions, thus inducing the formation of the sandwich-like structure Ab2-β-CD/Ti3C2Tx/SCCA/Ab1/Au/GN in the presence of SCCA. Interestingly, Cu2+ can be adsorbed and self-reduced on the surface of the sandwich-like structure to form Cu0 since Ti3C2Tx MXenes can exhibit superior adsorption and reduction capabilities towards Cu2+, and a prominent current signal of Cu0 can be observed via differential pulse voltammetry. Based on this principle, an innovative signal amplification strategy has been proposed for SCCA detection, which avoids the process of labeling the probe and the specific immobilization step of catalytic components on the surface of amplification markers. After the optimization of various conditions, a wide linear range from 0.05 pg mL-1 to 20.0 ng mL-1, coupled with a low detection limit of 0.01 pg mL-1, was obtained for SCCA analysis. The proposed method for SCCA detection was also applied in real human serum samples and the observed results are satisfactory. This work opens up new pathways for constructing electrochemical sandwich-like immunosensors for SCCA and other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441053, PR China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, PR China.
| | - Mingyao Yu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441006, PR China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, PR China.
| | - Yue Ke
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, PR China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, PR China.
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5
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Li D, Yin G, Li Z. Detection of non-small cell lung cancer marker CYFRA21-1 via Mxene-based immunoelectrochemical sensor. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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6
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Amara U, Hussain I, Ahmad M, Mahmood K, Zhang K. 2D MXene-Based Biosensing: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205249. [PMID: 36412074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MXene emerged as decent 2D material and has been exploited for numerous applications in the last decade. The remunerations of the ideal metallic conductivity, optical absorbance, mechanical stability, higher heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and good redox capability have made MXene a potential candidate for biosensing applications. The hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, antifouling, and anti-toxicity properties have opened avenues for MXene to perform in vitro and in vivo analysis. In this review, the concept, operating principle, detailed mechanism, and characteristic properties are comprehensively assessed and compiled along with breakthroughs in MXene fabrication and conjugation strategies for the development of unique electrochemical and optical biosensors. Further, the current challenges are summarized and suggested future aspects. This review article is believed to shed some light on the development of MXene for biosensing and will open new opportunities for the future advanced translational application of MXene bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umay Amara
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Muhmmad Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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7
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Lu D, Zhao H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Feng L. New Horizons for MXenes in Biosensing Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100820. [PMID: 36290957 PMCID: PMC9599192 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, biosensors have made significant advances in detecting non-invasive biomarkers of disease-related body fluid substances with high sensitivity, high accuracy, low cost and ease in operation. Among various two-dimensional (2D) materials, MXenes have attracted widespread interest due to their unique surface properties, as well as mechanical, optical, electrical and biocompatible properties, and have been applied in various fields, particularly in the preparation of biosensors, which play a critical role. Here, we systematically introduce the application of MXenes in electrochemical, optical and other bioanalytical methods in recent years. Finally, we summarise and discuss problems in the field of biosensing and possible future directions of MXenes. We hope to provide an outlook on MXenes applications in biosensing and to stimulate broader interests and research in MXenes across different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decheng Lu
- Department of Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Department of Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Qing Wei Chang College, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Department of Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Feng
- Department of Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai 200444, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Yue F, Liu M, Bai M, Hu M, Li F, Guo Y, Vrublevsky I, Sun X. Novel Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon/2D Ti3C2 MXene as Nanocarrier for Simultaneous Detection of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in Milk. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080626. [PMID: 36005022 PMCID: PMC9405622 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel electrochemical aptasensor using a broad-spectrum aptamer as a biorecognition element was constructed based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for simultaneous detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics (AAs). The ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) was firstly modified on 2D Ti3C2 MXene. The addition of OMC not only effectively improved the stability of the aptasensor, but also prevented the stacking of Ti3C2 sheets, which formed a good current passage for signal amplification. The prepared OMC@Ti3C2 MXene functioned as a nanocarrier to accommodate considerable aptamers. In the presence of AAs, the transport of electron charge on SPCE surface was influenced by the bio-chemical reactions of the aptamer and AAs, generating a significant decline in the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signals. The proposed aptasensor presented a wide linear range and the detection limit was 3.51 nM. Moreover, the aptasensor, with satisfactory stability, reproducibility and specificity, was successfully employed to detect the multi-residuals of AAs in milk. This work provided a novel strategy for monitoring AAs in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Yue
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Mengyuan Bai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Mengjiao Hu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Falan Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yemin Guo
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Igor Vrublevsky
- Department of Information Security, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 220013 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Xia Sun
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Vegetable Safety and Quality Traceability, Zibo 255049, China
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Safety Traceability, Zibo 255049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0533-2786558
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9
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Robust poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) granules loaded Cu/Ni-doped Pd catalysts for high-efficiency electrooxidation of ethylene glycol. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:745-757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on poly(o-phenylenediamine-co-o-aminophenol) incorporated with poly(styrenesulfonate) doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ferrocene composite modified screen-printed carbon electrode for highly sensitive and selective detection of prostate cancer biomarker. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Electrochemical immunosensors are the largest class of affinity biosensing devices with strong practicability. In recent years, MXenes have become hotspot materials of electrochemical biosensors for their excellent properties, including large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, high hydrophilicity and rich functional groups. In this review, we firstly introduce the composition and structure of MXenes, as well as their properties relevant to the construction of biosensors. Then, we summarize the recent advances of MXenes-based electrochemical immunosensors, focusing on the roles of MXenes in various electrochemical immunosensors. Finally, we analyze current problems of MXenes-based electrochemical immunosensors and propose an outlook for this research field.
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12
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Özyurt C, Uludağ İ, İnce B, Sezgintürk MK. Biosensing strategies for diagnosis of prostate specific antigen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114535
expr 871894585 + 891234880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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13
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Alwarappan S, Nesakumar N, Sun D, Hu TY, Li CZ. 2D metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) for sensors and biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 205:113943. [PMID: 35219021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are layered two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered in 2011 (Ti3C2X) and are otherwise called 2D transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides. These 2D layered materials have been in the limelight for a decade due to their interesting properties such as large surface area, high ion transport, biocompatibility, and low diffusion barrier. Therefore, MXenes are widely preferred by researchers for applications in electronics, sensing, biosensing, electrocatalysis, super-capacitors and fuel cells. There are a number of methods available for the bulk synthesis of MXene-based nanomaterials. In addition, the possibility of structural modification as required and its outstanding surface chemistry offer a fascinating interface for the development of novel biosensors. In this review, we specifically discuss important MXene synthesis routes. Moreover, critical parameters such as surface functionalization that can dictate the mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of MXenes are also discussed. Following this, methods available for the surface functionalization and modification strategies of MXenes are also discussed. Furthermore, the emergence of gas, electrochemical, and optical biosensors based on MXenes since its first report is discussed in detail. Finally, future directions of MXenes biosensors for critical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Alwarappan
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials CeNTAB, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Dali Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1411 Centennial Blvd, 101S, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Center For Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Center For Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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14
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Özyurt C, Uludağ İ, İnce B, Sezgintürk MK. Biosensing strategies for diagnosis of prostate specific antigen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114535. [PMID: 34954466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Almost from the time of its discovery, the prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been one of the most accurate and most extensively studied indicators of prostate cancer (PC). Because of advancements in biosensing systems and technology, PSA analysis methods have been substantially updated and enhanced as compared to their first instances. With the development of techniques in biosensor technology, the number of PSA biosensors that can be used in the biomedical sector is increasing year by year. Many different recognition elements and transducers have been used in the development of biosensor systems that exhibit high sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity. Here in this review, we provide a current overview of the different approaches to PSA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Özyurt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - İnci Uludağ
- Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Bahar İnce
- Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk
- Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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15
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Wu X, Kang R, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang T. Electrochemical Immune-Determination of Alkaline Phosphatase Based on Gold Nanoparticle/Ti3C2Tx MXenes as the Sensing Platform by Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.2007941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongbin Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Institute, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Li X, Lu Y, Liu Q. Electrochemical and optical biosensors based on multifunctional MXene nanoplatforms: Progress and prospects. Talanta 2021; 235:122726. [PMID: 34517594 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXene) have emerged as a rising family of atomic layered nanomaterials which undergoes intensive investigations in interdisciplinary applications. The large surface-to-volume ratio, excellent mechanical strength, desirable biocompatibility, along with tunable electronic and optical properties, render 2D MXenes exceptional attractive as versatile nanoplatforms for biosensing. Herein, advanced progress and novel paradigms of MXene-based biosensors are reviewed, focusing on the combination of MXenes with various detection techniques that promotes target recognition and signal transducing. Regarding the nature of transducing signals, MXene-based biosensors are categorized into two groups where MXenes serve as electrical platforms or optical platforms, respectively. The merits of MXenes are critically compared with other 2D materials to illustrate the distinctive advantages of MXenes in biosensing, while challenges such as environmental vulnerability was discussed to guide the sensor design. Facing with the rapid development of wearable electronics and internet of medical things, as well as escalating demanding in precision medicine, perspectives are provided to elucidate the potential of MXenes in propelling advances in these trending biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Yanli Lu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
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Tang Z, Xiao Y, Kong N, Liu C, Chen W, Huang X, Xu D, Ouyang J, Feng C, Wang C, Wang J, Zhang H, Tao W. Nano-bio interfaces effect of two-dimensional nanomaterials and their applications in cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3447-3464. [PMID: 34900529 PMCID: PMC8642437 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy combines research from multiple subdisciplines of material science, nano-chemistry, in particular nano-biological interactions, immunology, and medicinal chemistry. Most importantly, the "biological identity" of nanomaterials governed by bio-molecular corona in terms of bimolecular types, relative abundance, and conformation at the nanomaterial surface is now believed to influence blood circulation time, bio-distribution, immune response, cellular uptake, and intracellular trafficking. A better understanding of nano-bio interactions can improve utilization of 2D nano-architectures for cancer immunotherapy and immunotheranostics, allowing them to be adapted or modified to treat other immune dysregulation syndromes including autoimmune diseases or inflammation, infection, tissue regeneration, and transplantation. The manuscript reviews the biological interactions and immunotherapeutic applications of 2D nanomaterials, including understanding their interactions with biological molecules of the immune system, summarizes and prospects the applications of 2D nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Tang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yufen Xiao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiangang Huang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daiyun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chan Feng
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Han Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Li H, Huang Y, Liu J, Duan H. Hydrothermally synthesized titanate nanomaterials for the removal of heavy metals and radionuclides from water: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131046. [PMID: 34102493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous heavy metals and radionuclides in water and wastewater are of drastic concern owing to their detrimental impacts on the organisms as well as the circumambient ecosystem. To remove them as much as we can, both technique and materials were studied in the past years. The adsorption technique as superior water remediation method with the simplicity of design, environmental friendliness and high efficiency was well established. Consequently, it is practically important to explore advanced and economically feasible absorbents for removing these poisonous pollutants from aqueous solutions. So far, large numbers of experiments proved hydrothermally synthesized titanate nanomaterials (TNMs) could be a prospectively excellent adsorbent extracting heavy metals and radionuclides from water due to the high specific surface area, tunable pore size, abundant surface active sites, favorable hydrophilic properties. The objective of this work is to give an overview of hydrothermal synthesis, adsorption performance of TNMs for heavy metals and radionuclides, as well as the various influencing factors for water purification. It comprehensively reviews the structural changes and regenerability of TNMs after adsorption, and different modification methods adopted for improving removal capacity. Additionally, it uniquely highlights the efficient decontamination of the pollutants through a synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by TNMs. This review provides detailed information for the development, application, and research challenges faced by hydrothermally synthesized TNMs for the removal of heavy metals and radionuclides from aqueous solutions, which will serve as a reference guide for scientists in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, China.
| | - Jianing Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Haoran Duan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
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19
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Jamalipour Soufi G, Iravani P, Hekmatnia A, Mostafavi E, Khatami M, Iravani S. MXenes and MXene-based Materials with Cancer Diagnostic Applications: Challenges and Opportunities. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2021.1990890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parisa Iravani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Hekmatnia
- Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Slot TK, Oulego P, Sofer Z, Bai Y, Rothenberg G, Raveendran Shiju N. Ruthenium on Alkali‐Exfoliated Ti
3
(Al
0.8
Sn
0.2
)C
2
MAX Phase Catalyses Reduction of 4‐Nitroaniline with Ammonia Borane. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry K. Slot
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Paula Oulego
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Oviedo c/Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Asturias Spain
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Yuelei Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Gadi Rothenberg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - N. Raveendran Shiju
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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21
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Sui J, Chen X, Li Y, Peng W, Zhang F, Fan X. MXene derivatives: synthesis and applications in energy convention and storage. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16065-16082. [PMID: 35481204 PMCID: PMC9031603 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXene) have shown promising applications in energy convention and storage (ECS), owing to their high conductivity and adjustable surface functional groups. In the past several years, many MXene derivatives with different structures have been successfully prepared and their impressive performance demonstrated in ECS. This review summarizes the progress in the synthesis of MXene and typical Ti3C2T x MXene derivatives with different morphologies, including 0D quantum dots, 1D nanoribbons, 2D nanosheets and 3D nanoflowers. The mechanisms involved and their performance in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries are also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges of MXene derivatives in ECS are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xifan Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wenchao Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Fengbao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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Yi Y, Ma Y, Ai F, Xia Y, Lin H, Zhu G. Novel methodology for anodic stripping voltammetric sensing of heavy-metal ions using Ti 3C 2T x nanoribbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7790-7793. [PMID: 34268544 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Conventional anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) sensing of heavy-metal ions (HMIs) generally includes a two-step approach: (a) preconcentration via electrodeposition and (b) re-oxidation, while the requirement of the electrodeposition step makes the detection processes more complex. Herein, a novel methodology using self-reduction instead of electrodeposition was developed for the ASV sensing of HMIs (selecting Cd2+ as a representative analyte) by introducing Ti3C2Tx MXene nanoribbons (Ti3C2Tx NR) as a sensing element that can exhibit direct adsorption and reduction capabilities towards HMIs. Compared with conventional ASV technology, the proposed methodology is simpler and power-saving, and has a significant low detection limit (0.94 nM) and wide linear range (0.005-3.0 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Yi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Hunan Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhi Ma
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Fengxiang Ai
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Yixuan Xia
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Huiyu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University, P. R. China
| | - Gangbing Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China. and Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University, P. R. China and State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
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Xu Q, Chen S, Xu J, Duan X, Lu L, Tian Q, Zhang X, Cai Y, Lu X, Rao L, Yu Y. Facile synthesis of hierarchical MXene/ZIF-67/CNTs composite for electrochemical sensing of luteolin. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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24
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Conducting polymer applied in a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the detection prostate-specific antigen using its redox response as an analytical signal. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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A highly sensitive sensor based on electropolymerization for electrochemical detection of esculetin. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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MXenes: Are they emerging materials for analytical chemistry applications? - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1143:267-280. [PMID: 33384123 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MXenes are an emerging class of 2D materials that exhibit unique properties of high conductivity and hydrophilicity. They can be easily functionalized with other materials due to the abundance of surface terminated functionalities. The versatile chemistry of MXenes allows fine-tuning their properties for different analytical chemistry applications such as electrochemical and optical sensing. MXenes may also be useful adsorbents for analytical extractions due to their exceptional surface chemistry, high surface areas, and ease of functionalization as per the nature of the target compounds. The features of the MXenes that can make them excellent materials for analytical applications are listed and critically appraised. The emerging applications of MXenes in electrochemical and optical sensing are discussed with the pertinent examples. The potential of MXene-based sorbents for analytical extractions is highlighted based on the current literature that describes their applications in adsorptive removal and environmental remediation. In the end, limitations, challenges, and future opportunities are briefly presented.
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27
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Wang B, Li Y, Hu H, Shu W, Yang L, Zhang J. Acetylcholinesterase electrochemical biosensors with graphene-transition metal carbides nanocomposites modified for detection of organophosphate pesticides. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231981. [PMID: 32348360 PMCID: PMC7190139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An acetylcholinesterase biosensor modified with graphene and transition metal carbides was prepared to detect organophosphorus pesticides. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the electrochemical catalysis of the biosensor: acetylcholinesterase/chitosan-transition metal carbides/graphene/glassy carbon electrode. With the joint modification of graphene and transition metal carbides, the biosensor has a good performance in detecting dichlorvos with a linear relationship from 11.31 μM to 22.6 nM and the limit of detection was 14.45 nM. Under the premise of parameter optimization, the biosensor showed a good catalytic performance for acetylcholine. Compared to the biosensors without modification, it expressed a better catalytic performance due to the excellent electrical properties, biocompatibility and high specific surface area of graphene, transition metal carbides. Finally, the biosensor exhibits good stability, which can be stored at room temperature for one month without significant performance degradation, and has practical potential for sample testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Microelectronics Research & Develop Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Shu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianqiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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