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Liu H, Zhang L, Wu Y, Ding W, Liu Y, Zhao S, Gu J. Research on the Influence of Core Sensing Components on the Performance of Galvanic Dissolved Oxygen Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4155. [PMID: 39000933 PMCID: PMC11243800 DOI: 10.3390/s24134155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The galvanic dissolved oxygen sensor finds widespread applications in multiple critical fields due to its high precision and excellent stability. As its core sensing components, the oxygen-permeable membrane, electrode, and electrolyte significantly impact the sensor's performance. To systematically investigate the comprehensive effects of these core sensing components on the performance of galvanic dissolved oxygen sensors, this study selected six types of oxygen-permeable membranes made from two materials (Perfluoroalkoxy Polymer (PFA) and Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Copolymer (FEP)) with three thicknesses (0.015 mm, 0.03 mm, and 0.05 mm). Additionally, five concentrations of KCl electrolyte were configured, and four different proportions of lead-tin alloy electrodes were chosen. Single-factor and crossover experiments were conducted using the OxyGuard dissolved oxygen sensor as the experimental platform. The experimental results indicate that under the same membrane thickness conditions, PFA membranes provide a higher output voltage compared to FEP membranes. Moreover, the oxygen permeability of FEP membranes is more significantly affected by temperature. Furthermore, the oxygen permeability of the membrane is inversely proportional to its thickness; the thinner the membrane, the better the oxygen permeability, resulting in a corresponding increase in sensor output voltage. When the membrane thickness is reduced from 0.05 mm to 0.015 mm, the sensor output voltage for PFA and FEP membranes increases by 86% and 74.91%, respectively. However, this study also observed that excessively thin membranes might compromise measurement accuracy. In a saturated, dissolved oxygen environment, the sensor output voltage corresponding to the six oxygen-permeable membranes used in the experiment exhibits a highly linear inverse relationship with temperature (correlation coefficient ≥ 98%). Meanwhile, the lead-tin ratio of the electrode and electrolyte concentration have a relatively minor impact on the sensor output voltage, demonstrating good stability at different temperatures (coefficient of variation ≤ 0.78%). In terms of response time, it is directly proportional to the thickness of the oxygen-permeable membrane, especially for PFA membranes. When the thickness increases from 0.015 mm to 0.05 mm, the response time extends by up to 2033.33%. In contrast, the electrode material and electrolyte concentration have a less significant effect on response time. To further validate the practical value of the experimental results, the best-performing combination of core sensing components from the experiments was selected to construct a new dissolved oxygen sensor. A performance comparison test was conducted between this new sensor and the OxyGuard dissolved oxygen sensor. The results showed that both sensors had the same response time (49 s). However, in an anaerobic environment, the OxyGuard sensor demonstrated slightly higher accuracy by 2.44%. This study not only provides a deep analysis of the combined effects of oxygen-permeable membranes, electrodes, and electrolytes on the performance of galvanic dissolved oxygen sensors but also offers scientific evidence and practical guidance for optimizing sensor design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiabing Gu
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.D.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
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Ghosh D, Tabassum R, Sarkar PP, Rahman MA, Jalal AH, Islam N, Ashraf A. Graphene Nanocomposite Ink Coated Laser Transformed Flexible Electrodes for Selective Dopamine Detection and Immunosensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3143-3153. [PMID: 38662615 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Novel and flexible disposable laser-induced graphene (LIG) sensors modified with graphene conductive inks have been developed for dopamine and interleukin-6 (IL-6) detection. The LIG sensors exhibit high reproducibility (relative standard deviation, RSD = 0.76%, N = 5) and stability (RSD = 4.39%, N = 15) after multiple bendings, making the sensors ideal for wearable and stretchable bioelectronics applications. We have developed electrode coatings based on graphene conductive inks, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (G-PEDOT:PSS) and polyaniline (G-PANI), for working electrode modification to improve the sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD). The selectivity of LIG sensors modified with the G-PANI ink is 41.47 times higher than that of the screen-printed electrode with the G-PANI ink modification. We have compared our fabricated bare laser-engraved Kapton sensor (LIG) with the LIG sensors modified with G-PEDOT (LIG/G-PEDOT) and G-PANI (LIG/G-PANI) conductive inks. We have further compared the performance of the fabricated electrodes with commercially available screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and screen-printed electrodes modified with G-PEDOT:PSS (SPE/G-PEDOT:PSS) and G-PANI (SPE/G-PANI). SPE/G-PANI has a lower LOD of 0.632 μM compared to SPE/G-PEDOT:PSS (0.867 μM) and SPE/G-PANI (1.974 μM). The lowest LOD of the LIG/G-PANI sensor (0.4084 μM, S/N = 3) suggests that it can be a great alternative to measure dopamine levels in a physiological medium. Additionally, the LIG/G-PANI electrode has excellent LOD (2.6234 pg/mL) to detect IL-6. Also, the sensor is successfully able to detect ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) in their ternary mixture. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) result shows peak potential separation of 229, 294, and 523 mV for AA-DA, DA-UA, and UA-AA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipannita Ghosh
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ridma Tabassum
- The University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, ESCNE 2.515, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Pritu Parna Sarkar
- The University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, ESCNE 2.515, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | | | - Ahmed Hasnain Jalal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Ali Ashraf
- The University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
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Pawar D, Lo Presti D, Silvestri S, Schena E, Massaroni C. Current and future technologies for monitoring cultured meat: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113464. [PMID: 37803787 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The high population growth rate, massive animal food consumption, fast economic progress, and limited food resources could lead to a food crisis in the future. There is a huge requirement for dietary proteins including cultured meat is being progressed to fulfill the need for meat-derived proteins in the diet. However, production of cultured meat requires monitoring numerous bioprocess parameters. This review presents a comprehensive overview of various widely adopted techniques (optical, spectroscopic, electrochemical, capacitive, FETs, resistive, microscopy, and ultrasound) for monitoring physical, chemical, and biological parameters that can improve the bioprocess control in cultured meat. The methods, operating principle, merits/demerits, and the main open challenges are reviewed with the aim to support the readers in advancing knowledge on novel sensing systems for cultured meat applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyandeo Pawar
- Microwave Materials Group, Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Athani P.O, Thrissur, Kerala 680581, India.
| | - Daniela Lo Presti
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Silvestri
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Departmental Faculty of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Deng B, Wang Z, Liu W, Hu B. Multifunctional Motion Sensing Enabled by Laser-Induced Graphene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6363. [PMID: 37834499 PMCID: PMC10573838 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of flexible sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) has recently attracted much attention. It was commonly generated by laser-ablating commercial polyimide (PI). However, the weak mechanical extensibility of PI limits the development and diversified applications of LIG-based sensors. In this work, we adopted medical polyurethane (PU) tapes to peel off the LIG generated on PI and developed flexible and wearable sensors based on the proposed LIG/PU composite structure. Compared with other methods for LIG transfer, PU tape has many advantages, including a simplified process and being less time-consuming. We characterized the LIG samples generated under different laser powers and analyzed the property differences introduced by the transfer operation. We then studied the impact of fabrication mode on the strain sensitivity of the LIG/PU and optimized the design of a LIG/PU-based strain sensor, which possessed a gauge factor (GF) of up to 263.6 in the strain range of 75-90%. In addition, we designed a capacitive pressure sensor for tactile sensing, which is composed of two LIG/PU composite structures and a PI space layer. These LIG flexible devices can be used for human motion monitoring and tactile perception in sports events. This work provides a simple, fast, and low-cost way for the preparation of multifunctional sensor systems with good performance, which has a broad application prospect in human motion monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Hu
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (B.D.); (Z.W.); (W.L.)
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Wu CC, Wang CJ, Chang CLT, Shiku H, Wang YR, Yan JD, Ding SJ. Dissolved Oxygen-Sensing Chip Integrating an Open Container Connected with a Position-Raised Channel for Estimation of Cellular Mitochondrial Activity. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1808-1818. [PMID: 35748570 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of oxygen consumption of adherent cells is a profoundly important issue for estimating the bioenergetic health and metabolism activity of cells. The study describes the construction of a microfluidic chip consisting of an open container connected with a position-raised channel and dissolved oxygen (DO)-sensing gold ultramicroelectrodes for quantifying the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of adherent cells. The microfluidic chip design can reduce the action of shear force on the adherent cells during medium replacement. The residual concentration of analytes in the open container was only 4.4% after solution replacement via the position-raised channel. The DO reduction current measured by ultramicroelectrodes averaged in the range of 40-60 s presented high reproducibility with a 1.1% relative standard deviation suitable for OCR calculation. After short-term (90 min) cultivation, the microfluidic chip can monitor the time-dependent change in the OCR of 3T3-L1 cells for several hours by repeatedly replacing the culture medium or with the stimulation of different mitochondrial inhibitors. The presented microfluidic cell-based chip has great promise for drug screening and chemosensitivity testing by measuring OCR to evaluate the mitochondrial function of adherent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Wu
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.,Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Jen Wang
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | | | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-Ren Wang
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Jia-De Yan
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Han Y, Han Y, Huang Y, Wang C, Liu H, Han L, Zhang Y. Laser-Induced Graphene Superhydrophobic Surface Transition from Pinning to Rolling for Multiple Applications. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200096. [PMID: 35199498 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces (contact angle >150°, sliding angle <10°) have attracted worldwide interest with respect to materials and devices. In this work, the laser-induced graphene (LIG) superhydrophobic surface transition from pinning to rolling via an extremely simple solvent treatment of LIG in air is reported. By adding a certain solvent (e.g., ethanol) to the surface, the LIG superhydrophobic surface changes from pinning (sliding angle = 180°) to rolling (sliding angle <6°), which is attributed to the chemically changed surface properties and surface morphology of LIG. Three applications are demonstrated with the developed superhydrophobic LIG, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, water-oil separation, and anti-icing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkuan Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yunrui Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yuzhen Huang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China
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Filoni C, Shirzadi B, Menegazzo M, Martinelli E, Di Natale C, Li Bassi A, Magagnin L, Duò L, Bussetti G. Compared EC-AFM Analysis of Laser-Induced Graphene and Graphite Electrodes in Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte. Molecules 2021; 26:7333. [PMID: 34885914 PMCID: PMC8659228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible and economic sensor devices are the focus of increasing interest for their potential and wide applications in medicine, food analysis, pollution, water quality, etc. In these areas, the possibility of using stable, reproducible, and pocket devices can simplify the acquisition of data. Among recent prototypes, sensors based on laser-induced graphene (LIGE) on Kapton represent a feasible choice. In particular, LIGE devices are also exploited as electrodes for sensing in liquids. Despite a characterization with electrochemical (EC) methods in the literature, a closer comparison with traditional graphite electrodes is still missing. In this study, we combine atomic force microscopy with an EC cell (EC-AFM) to study, in situ, electrode oxidation reactions when LIGE or other graphite samples are used as anodes inside an acid electrolyte. This investigation shows the quality and performance of the LIGE electrode with respect to other samples. Finally, an ex situ Raman spectroscopy analysis allows a detailed chemical analysis of the employed electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Filoni
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (B.S.); (M.M.); (L.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Bahram Shirzadi
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (B.S.); (M.M.); (L.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Marco Menegazzo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (B.S.); (M.M.); (L.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, v. del Politecnico, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, v. del Politecnico, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Andrea Li Bassi
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, v. Ponzio 34/3, I-20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luca Magagnin
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, v. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lamberto Duò
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (B.S.); (M.M.); (L.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (B.S.); (M.M.); (L.D.); (G.B.)
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