Ultrasensitive prostate specific antigen monitoring based on electrochemiluminescent immunesystem with synergistic signal amplification effect of resonance energy transfer coupling with K2S2O8-H2O2 dual coreactants

Recent Progress in Plasmonic based Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors: A Review

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) analysis has become a powerful tool in recent biomarker detection and clinic diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and broad linear range. To improve the analytical performance of ECL biosensors, various advanced nanomaterials have been introduced to regulate the ECL signal such as graphene, gold nanomaterials, and quantum dots. Among these nanomaterials, some plasmonic nanostructures play important roles in the fabrication of ECL biosensors. The plasmon effect for the ECL signal includes ECL quenching by resonant energy transfer, ECL enhancement by surface plasmon resonance enhancement, and a change in the polarized angle of ECL emission. The influence can be regulated by the distance between ECL emitters and plasmonic materials, and the characteristics of polarization angle-dependent surface plasmon coupling. This paper outlines the recent advances of plasmonic based ECL biosensors involving various plasmonic materials including noble metals and semiconductor nanomaterials. The detection targets in these biosensors range from small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and cells thanks to the plasmonic effect. In addition to ECL biosensors, ECL microscopy analysis with plasmonic materials is also highlighted because of the enhanced ECL image quality by the plasmonic effect. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges are discussed if more plasmonic effects are introduced into the ECL realm.

Determination of trichlorfon using a molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor on multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles

Considering the limitations associated with existing methods for the detection of trace amounts of trichlorfon, this paper proposes a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for the detection of trichlorfon by utilizing the double enhancement effect of trichlorfon and Ag nanoparticles supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/Ag NPs) in a luminol-H₂O₂ ECL system. Here, trichlorfon was electropolymerized on the surface of the MWCNT/Ag NP-modified gold nanoelectrode with o-phenylenediamine to prepare the molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensor. After eluting the trichlorfon, imprinted holes for the identification of trichlorfon were retained on the sensor, which were used as signal switches to obtain different ECL intensities through the adsorption of different concentrations of trichlorfon. The ECL signal of the sensitized luminol-H₂O₂ was doubly enhanced by the MWCNTs/Ag and trichlorfon, improving the sensitivity of the sensor. The trichlorfon concentration was positively correlated with the enhanced ECL intensity of the sensor in the range 5.0 × 10^-8-5.0 × 10^-11 mol L^-1, and the detection limit of trichlorfon was 3.9 × 10^-12 mol L^-1. Moreover, the proposed sensor was successfully applied to the detection of trichlorfon residues in real samples, and the recovery ranged between 91.8 and 109%. A molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor for trichlorfon detection by utilizing the double enhancement effect of trichlorfon and Ag nanoparticles supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a luminol-H₂O₂ ECL system. The dual enhancement of the ECL signal improved the sensitivity of the sensor.

Nucleic acid isothermal amplification-based soft nanoarchitectonics as an emerging electrochemical biosensing platform

The emergence of nucleic acid isothermal amplification strategies based on soft nanoarchitectonics offers a new dimension to the traditional electrochemical technique, particularly because of its flexibility, high efficiency, and increased sensitivity for analytical applications. Various DNA/RNA isothermal amplification strategies have been developed for the design and fabrication of new electrochemical biosensors for efficient and important biomolecular detection. Herein, we provide an overview of recent efforts in this research field and the strategies for signal-amplified sensing systems, with their biological applications, current challenges and prospects in this promising new area.