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Zhang L, Wu S, Zhang T, Li A, Wang G, Wang L, Liu C, Li W, Li J, Lu R. Two-Dimensional Amorphous Titanium Dioxide/Silver (TiO 2/Ag) Nanosheets as a Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrate for Highly Sensitive Detection. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 78:257-267. [PMID: 37941328 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231213099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of investigating the chemical enhancement of amorphous semiconductors as well as increasing the sensitivity of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate, titanium dioxide (TiO2) precursors were calcined at different temperatures to generate crystallized TiO2 (c-TiO2) and amorphous TiO2 (a-TiO2) nanosheets, respectively. Afterward, a two-dimensional (2D) a-TiO2/Ag nanosheet SERS substrate was successfully fabricated using electrostatic interaction between a-TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles. In order to demonstrate a greater SERS sensitivity on a-TiO2/Ag compared to either c-TiO2 or Ag nanoparticles alone, the SERS probe molecules rhodamine 6G (R6G) and malachite green (MG) were utilized. Based on the results of SERS detections for probe molecules and contaminants, it demonstrates that a-TiO2/Ag nanosheets produce highly sensitive and repeatable Raman signals. The detectable concentration limits for R6G and MG were found to be 10-11 M and 10-10 M, respectively. And it has been determined that the system exhibits an enhancement factor (EF) of up to 1 × 108. The limit of detection for 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and alizarin red can both reach 1 × 10-8. Furthermore, a finite-difference time-domain simulation is performed in order to evaluate the magnetic field strength generated by Ag nanoparticles. As a result of the simulation, it is evident that the actual EF is smaller than the calculated one, leading support to the view that a-TiO2 nanosheets have a beneficial effect on the chemical enhancement of SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiying Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Gongying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Lan H, Wang J, Cheng L, Yu D, Wang H, Guo L. The synthesis and application of crystalline-amorphous hybrid materials. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:684-713. [PMID: 38116613 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00860f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline-amorphous hybrid materials (CA-HMs) possess the merits of both pure crystalline and amorphous phases. Abundant dangling bonds, unsaturated coordination atoms, and isotropic structural features in the amorphous phase, as well as relatively high electronic conductivity and thermodynamic structural stability of the crystalline phase simultaneously take effect in CA-HMs. Furthermore, the atomic and bandgap mismatch at the CA-HM interface can introduce more defects as extra active sites, reservoirs for promoted catalytic and electrochemical performance, and induce built-in electric field for facile charge carrier transport. Motivated by these intriguing features, herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of CA-HMs on various aspects-from synthetic methods to multiple applications. Typical characteristics of CA-HMs are discussed at the beginning, followed by representative synthetic strategies of CA-HMs, including hydrothermal/solvothermal methods, deposition techniques, thermal adjustment, and templating methods. Diverse applications of CA-HMs, such as electrocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors, mechanics, optoelectronics, and thermoelectrics along with underlying structure-property mechanisms are carefully elucidated. Finally, challenges and perspectives of CA-HMs are proposed with an aim to provide insights into the future development of CA-HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lan
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiawei Wang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liwei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Dandan Yu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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Kumar N, Alam KM, Vrushabendrakumar D, Shetty A, Garcia J, Chaulagain N, Shankar K. CO 2 Photoreduction Activity Enhancement and Unexpected Observation of Carbon Monoxide Adsorbates on the Surface of TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays Synthesized in Formamide Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38038676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanotube arrays grown through electrochemical anodization in a formamide-based electrolyte (TNTA-FA) exhibited a whole host of unusual properties compared to nanotubes grown in the conventional ethylene glycol-based electrolyte (TNTA-EG). TNTA-FA exhibited shorter phonon lifetimes, lower lattice strain, more visible light absorption, lower work function, and a highly unusual adsorbate structure consisting of physisorbed and chemisorbed CO along with linearly adsorbed CO2 and various monodentate and bidentate carbonate species. The observation of adsorbed CO in the dark is highly unusual and indicates spontaneous deoxygenation of CO2 on the surface of TNTA-FA. The significance of this finding is that the formation of CO2•- is no longer the rate-limiting bottleneck for the reduction of CO2 on TNTA-FA surfaces as it is for all TiO2 surfaces. TNTA-FA samples are strongly colored (inclusive of a fluorescent green color) and consist of rounded, vertically oriented hollow cylinders as opposed to the honeycomb-like morphology of TNTA-EG arranged in an approximate triangular lattice. The photocatalytic activity was tested through the CO2 photoreduction and dye degradation tests. Formamide-based nanotubes outperformed the EG-based nanotubes by almost 1.7 and 2 times, respectively, in CO2 reduction and dye degradation tests done on methylene blue, brilliant green, and rhodamine B dyes. These results are attributed to stronger surface band bending in TNTA-FA which facilitates more efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Damini Vrushabendrakumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Atharva Shetty
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - John Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Xing C, Yang L, He R, Spadaro MC, Zhang Y, Arbiol J, Li J, Poudel B, Nozariasbmarz A, Li W, Lim KH, Liu Y, Llorca J, Cabot A. Brookite TiO 2 Nanorods as Promising Electrochromic and Energy Storage Materials for Smart Windows. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2303639. [PMID: 37608461 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic smart windows (ESWs) offer an attractive option for regulating indoor lighting conditions. Electrochromic materials based on ion insertion/desertion mechanisms also present the possibility for energy storage, thereby increasing overall energy efficiency and adding value to the system. However, current electrochromic electrodes suffer from performance degradation, long response time, and low coloration efficiency. This work aims to produce defect-engineered brookite titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanorods (NRs) with different lengths and investigate their electrochromic performance as potential energy storage materials. The controllable synthesis of TiO2 NRs with inherent defects, along with smaller impedance and higher carrier concentrations, significantly enhances their electrochromic performance, including improved resistance to degradation, shorter response times, and enhanced coloration efficiency. The electrochromic performance of TiO2 NRs, particularly longer ones, is characterized by fast switching speeds (20 s for coloration and 12 s for bleaching), high coloration efficiency (84.96 cm2 C-1 at a 600 nm wavelength), and good stability, highlighting their potential for advanced electrochromic smart window applications based on Li+ ion intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Linlin Yang
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica i Biomedica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ren He
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electronica i Biomedica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Maria Chiara Spadaro
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Junshan Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, China
| | - Bed Poudel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Amin Nozariasbmarz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Khak Ho Lim
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, 08930, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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