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Hu HJ, Zhang C, Tang ZH, Qu SL, Jiang ZS. Regulating the Warburg effect on metabolic stress and myocardial fibrosis remodeling and atrial intracardiac waveform activity induced by atrial fibrillation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:653-660. [PMID: 31242971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with metabolic stress and induces myocardial fibrosis reconstruction by increasing glycolysis. One goal in the treatment of paroxysmal AF (p-AF) is to improve myocardial fibrosis reconstruction and myocardial metabolic stress caused by the Warburg effect. Adopted male canine that rapid right atrial pacing (RAP) for 6 days to establish a p-AF model. The canines were pre-treated with phenylephrine (PE) or dichloroacetic acid (DCA) before exposure to p-AF or non-p-AF. P-wave duration (Pmax), minimum P-wave duration (Pmin), P wave dispersion (PWD), atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and AERP dispersion (AERPd) were measured in canine atrial cardiomyocytes. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK-1), PDK-4, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were evaluated by western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), content of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactic acid and glycogen, and activity of LDHA, PDK-1 and PDK-4 were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), myocardial tissue glycogen content was evaluated by PAS, myocardial fibrosis remodeling was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. Our findings demonstrated that p-AF increases the Warburg effect-related metabolic stress and myocardial fibrosis remodeling by increasing the expression and activity of PDK-1, PDK-4, and LDHA, content of AMP and lactic acid, and the ratio of AMP/ATP and decreasing the expression of PDH, CS, and IDH, and glycogen content. In addition, p-AF can induce cardiomyocyte fibrosis remodeling and increase MMP-9 expression, and p-AF also increases atrial intracardiac waveform activity by prolonging Pmax, Pmin, PWD, and AERPd and shortening AERP. PDK isoforms agonists (PE) produce a similar p-AF pathological effect and can produce synergistic effects with p-AF, further increasing Warburg effect-related metabolic stress, myocardial fibrosis remodeling, and atrial intracardiac waveform activity. In contrast, the use of PDK-specific inhibitors (DCA) completely reverses these pathophysiological changes induced by p-AF. We demonstrate that p-AF can induce the Warburg effect in canine atrial cardiomyocytes and significantly improve p-AF-induced metabolic stress, myocardial fibrosis remodeling, and atrial intracardiac waveform activity by inhibiting the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiology Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.
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Bojarnejad M, Blake JR, Bourke J, Shepherd E, Murray A, Langley P. Non-Invasive Estimation Of Left Atrial Dominant Frequency In Atrial Fibrillation From Different Electrode Sites: Insight From Body Surface Potential Mapping. J Atr Fibrillation 2014; 7:1131. [PMID: 27957121 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dominant driving sources of atrial fibrillation are often found in the left atrium, but the expression of left atrial activation on the body surface is poorly understood. Using body surface potential mapping and simultaneous invasive measurements of left atrial activation our aim was to describe the expression of the left atrial dominant fibrillation frequency across the body surface. 20 patients in atrial fibrillation were studied. The spatial distributions of the dominant atrial fibrillation frequency across anterior and posterior sites on the body surface were quantified. Their relationship with invasive left atrial dominant fibrillation frequency was assessed by linear regression analysis, and the coefficient of determination was calculated for each body surface site. The correlation between intracardiac and body surface dominant frequency was significantly higher with posterior compared with anterior sites (coefficient of determination 67±8% vs 48±2%, p<0.001). The site with largest coefficient of determination was 79.6% (p<0.001) and was a posterior site. In comparison with the site closest to lead V1 it had a coefficient of determination of 23.0% (p=0.033), and with the posterior body surface site closest to lead V9 had a coefficient of determination of 70.3% (p<0.001). Left atrial dominant fibrillation frequency was more closely represented at posterior body surface sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Bojarnejad
- Marjan Bojarnejad, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. James R Blake, Regional Medical Physics Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 1LP. John Bourke, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Ewan Shepherd, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Alan Murray, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. Philip Langley, School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX
| | - James R Blake
- Marjan Bojarnejad, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. James R Blake, Regional Medical Physics Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 1LP. John Bourke, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Ewan Shepherd, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Alan Murray, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. Philip Langley, School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX
| | - John Bourke
- Marjan Bojarnejad, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. James R Blake, Regional Medical Physics Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 1LP. John Bourke, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Ewan Shepherd, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Alan Murray, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. Philip Langley, School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX
| | - Ewan Shepherd
- Marjan Bojarnejad, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. James R Blake, Regional Medical Physics Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 1LP. John Bourke, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Ewan Shepherd, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Alan Murray, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. Philip Langley, School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX
| | - Alan Murray
- Marjan Bojarnejad, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. James R Blake, Regional Medical Physics Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 1LP. John Bourke, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Ewan Shepherd, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Alan Murray, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. Philip Langley, School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX
| | - Philip Langley
- Marjan Bojarnejad, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. James R Blake, Regional Medical Physics Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 1LP. John Bourke, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Ewan Shepherd, Cardiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN. Alan Murray, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH. Philip Langley, School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX
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